Abstract
Yirminci yüzyılın
son çeyreğinde futbolun ekonomik küreselleşmesi hızlanmıştır. Futbolun
neoliberal dönemi olarak adlandırılabilecek bu süreçte futbolun ticari yönü artmış,
televizyon yayın haklarının etkisiyle futbol ekonomisi büyümüş, uluslararası
yatırımlar artmış ve kulüpler birer markaya dönüşmüştür. Bu neoliberal dönemin
en önemli unsurlarından biri de emek hareketliliğinin önündeki engellerin
kaldırılması olmuştur. Bosman Kararları başta olmak üzere bu engellerin
kaldırılması neoliberal küreselleşme sürecinde nitelikli emeğin hareketliliğini
tartışılır hale getirmiştir. Bu çalışmadaki amaç da neoliberal dönemde futbol
ekonomisinde yaşanan değişimi açıklamak ve emek piyasasındaki serbestleşmenin uluslararası
futbolcu hareketliliğini nasıl etkilediğini ortaya koymaktır. Futbolcu
hareketliliğindeki değişimi göstermek için ise erkek milli takım kadroları
incelenmiştir. Verilere göre serbestleşme sonrası, seçkin futbolcular,
Avrupa'nın beş büyük ligi olan İngiltere, İspanya, Almanya, İtalya ve Fransa'ya
yönelmiştir. Bu hareketlilik, neoliberal küreselleşme ve tekelleşme ilişkisini
futbol ekonomisinde de tartışma konusu haline getirmektedir.
Keywords
References
- Milanovic B. The world at play: soccer takes on globalization, Yale Global Online, 2010 Haziran [cited 2018 Mayıs 12]. https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/world-play-soccer-takes-globalization.
- King A. After the crunch: a new era for the beautiful game in Europe?, Soccer & Society, 2010; 11 (6): 880-891.
- Giulianotti R, Robertson R. Globalization & Football. California: SAGE Publications; 2009.
- Dubal S. The neoliberalization of football: rethinking neoliberalism through the commercialization of the beautiful game, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 2010; 45 (2): 123-146.
- Goldblatt D. Ball is round: a global history of soccer. New York: Riverhead Books; 2006.
- Giulianotti R. Football: a sociology of the global game. Cambridge: Polity Press; 1999.
- Ritzer G. Küresel dünya. (Çev. Melih Pekdemir). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları; 2011.
- Cleland J. A sociology of football in a global context. New York: Routledge; 2015.
- Lanfranchi P, Taylor M. Moving with the ball: the migration of professional footballers. Oxford: Berg; 2001.
- Kesenne S. The Bosman case and European football, Wladimir A, Stefan S, editors, Handbook on the economics of sport, Northampton: Edward Elgar; 2006.
- Andreff W. The economic effects of 'muscle drain' in sport, Birkbeck Research Paper Series, 2008; 2 (2): 9-31.
- Giulianotti R, Robertson R. Mapping the global football field: a sociological model of transnational forces within the world game, The British Journal of Sociology, 2012; 63 (2): 216-240.
- UEFA. Financial fair play: all you need to know. [cited 2018 May 11]. https://www.uefa.com/community/news/newsid=2064391.html
- University of Leicester Centre for the Sociology of Sport. The 'New' Football Economics. [cited 2018 Nov 17]. http://www.furd.org/resources/fs10.pdf
- Milanovic B. Globalization and goals: does soccer show the way? , Review of International Political Economy, 2005; 12 (5): 829-850.
- Gardiner S, Welch R. Nationality and protectionism in football: why are FIFA's '6+5 rule' and UEFA's 'home-grown player rule' on the agenda?, Soccer & Society, 2011; 12 (6): 774-787.
- UEFA. The european club footballing landcape, club licensing benchmarking report financial year 2015. [cited 2018 May 11]. https://it.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Tech/uefaorg/General/02/42/27/91/2422791_DOWNLOAD.pdf
- UEFA. Protecting of young players. [cited 2018 May 12]. http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=943393.html
- CIES Football Observatory [homepage on the Internet] Digital Atlas 2017. http://www.football-observatory.com/
- Szymanski S. On the ball, Finance & Development [serial on the Internet]. 2014 March [cited 2018 May 12]; 51 (1). https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2014/03/szymanski.htm
Abstract
The economic
globalization of football accelerated in the last quarter of the twentieth
century. In this process which can be called as the neoliberal period of
football, commercial aspect of football has increased, football economy has
grown due to the effects of television broadcasting rights, international
investments have increased and the clubs have become a brand. One of the most
important elements of this neoliberal era was the removal of obstacles in front
of labour mobility. The abolition of these obstacles, especially Bosman Rules,
made the mobility of skilled labor questionable in the process of neoliberal
globalization. The aim of this study is to explain the change in football
economy in the neoliberal period and to determine how the liberalization of the
labour market affected international football mobility. In order to show the
change of international football mobility, male national team squads were
examined. According to the data, after the liberalization, the elite players
have migrated to the five major leagues in Europe; England, Spain, Germany,
Italy and France. This mobility makes the relationship between neoliberal
globalization and monopoly a debate topic in the football economy.
Keywords
References
- Milanovic B. The world at play: soccer takes on globalization, Yale Global Online, 2010 Haziran [cited 2018 Mayıs 12]. https://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/world-play-soccer-takes-globalization.
- King A. After the crunch: a new era for the beautiful game in Europe?, Soccer & Society, 2010; 11 (6): 880-891.
- Giulianotti R, Robertson R. Globalization & Football. California: SAGE Publications; 2009.
- Dubal S. The neoliberalization of football: rethinking neoliberalism through the commercialization of the beautiful game, International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 2010; 45 (2): 123-146.
- Goldblatt D. Ball is round: a global history of soccer. New York: Riverhead Books; 2006.
- Giulianotti R. Football: a sociology of the global game. Cambridge: Polity Press; 1999.
- Ritzer G. Küresel dünya. (Çev. Melih Pekdemir). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları; 2011.
- Cleland J. A sociology of football in a global context. New York: Routledge; 2015.
- Lanfranchi P, Taylor M. Moving with the ball: the migration of professional footballers. Oxford: Berg; 2001.
- Kesenne S. The Bosman case and European football, Wladimir A, Stefan S, editors, Handbook on the economics of sport, Northampton: Edward Elgar; 2006.
- Andreff W. The economic effects of 'muscle drain' in sport, Birkbeck Research Paper Series, 2008; 2 (2): 9-31.
- Giulianotti R, Robertson R. Mapping the global football field: a sociological model of transnational forces within the world game, The British Journal of Sociology, 2012; 63 (2): 216-240.
- UEFA. Financial fair play: all you need to know. [cited 2018 May 11]. https://www.uefa.com/community/news/newsid=2064391.html
- University of Leicester Centre for the Sociology of Sport. The 'New' Football Economics. [cited 2018 Nov 17]. http://www.furd.org/resources/fs10.pdf
- Milanovic B. Globalization and goals: does soccer show the way? , Review of International Political Economy, 2005; 12 (5): 829-850.
- Gardiner S, Welch R. Nationality and protectionism in football: why are FIFA's '6+5 rule' and UEFA's 'home-grown player rule' on the agenda?, Soccer & Society, 2011; 12 (6): 774-787.
- UEFA. The european club footballing landcape, club licensing benchmarking report financial year 2015. [cited 2018 May 11]. https://it.uefa.com/MultimediaFiles/Download/Tech/uefaorg/General/02/42/27/91/2422791_DOWNLOAD.pdf
- UEFA. Protecting of young players. [cited 2018 May 12]. http://www.uefa.com/news/newsid=943393.html
- CIES Football Observatory [homepage on the Internet] Digital Atlas 2017. http://www.football-observatory.com/
- Szymanski S. On the ball, Finance & Development [serial on the Internet]. 2014 March [cited 2018 May 12]; 51 (1). https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2014/03/szymanski.htm
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Sporda Yönetim ve Organizasyon |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 19, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 10 Issue: 1 |