Spatial Analysis of Leisure Experiences in the Context of Music Subcultures: The Case of Ankara

Ahmet Elnur

doi:10.26466/opusjsr.1589079

TR EN

Müzik Altkültürleri Bağlamında Boş Zaman Deneyimlerinin Mekânsal Analizi: Ankara Örneği

Öz

Bu çalışma kapsamında altkültürel boş zaman deneyimleri, Ankara'daki metal müzik mekânlarının Google Haritalar uygulamasında yer alan yorumları üzerinden, Oldenburg'un “üçüncü mekân” paradigması bağlamında incelenmiştir. Altkültürel mekânların kent yaşamındaki rolü ve dijital çağda altkültürel katılımın dinamikleri hakkında daha kapsamlı bir anlayış geliştirilmesi amacı doğrultusunda; Always Rock Bar, Onaon Café ve Papaz Rock Bar mekânlarının ziyaretçi yorumları, geleneksel niteliksel içerik çözümlemesi çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Yorum verileri, MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2024 programına aktarılmış ve “üçüncü mekân” kavramının özellikleri göz önünde bulundurularak tematik olarak kodlanmıştır. Bulgular, bu mekânların altkültürel kimliklerin pekiştirildiği ve toplumsal bağların inşa edildiği merkezi buluşma yerleri olarak işlev gördüğünü göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, altkültürel toplulukların oluşumu ve sürdürülebilirliği noktasında bu mekânların önemine dair önemli bilgiler sunmakta ve “üçüncü mekân” paradigmasının Batı dışı kentsel bağlamlarla uygunluğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Benzeri olguların daha farklı kültürel ortamlarda araştırılması ve dijital verilerin geleneksel etnografik yöntemlerle bir araya getirilerek kullanılması gelecekteki araştırmalar için sunulan öneriler arasında yer almaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Altkültürel boş zaman , Boş zaman sosyolojisi , Kullanıcı türevli içerik , Müzik altkültürleri , Üçüncü mekân

Spatial Analysis of Leisure Experiences in the Context of Music Subcultures: The Case of Ankara

Abstract

This study investigated the subcultural leisure experiences in metal music venues in Ankara, through an analysis of visitor reviews from the Google Maps application within the framework of Oldenburg's “third place” paradigm. The aim was to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the role of subcultural spaces in urban life and the dynamics of subcultural participation in the digital age. In this context, visitor reviews of the Always Rock Bar, Onaon Café, and Papaz Rock Bar were analyzed using conventional qualitative content analysis. The data were imported into MAXQDA Analytics Pro 2024 and subjected to coding in accordance with the characteristics of the “third place” paradigm. The findings revealed how these venues act as central meeting points where subcultural identities are strengthened and social networks are built. This study provides valuable insights into the importance of these places for the formation and sustainability of subcultural communities and underlines the relevance of the “third place” paradigm in non-Western urban contexts. Further recommendations for future research include the investigation of similar phenomena in other cultural settings and the combination of digital data with traditional ethnographic methods.

Keywords

Music subcultures , sociology of leisure , subcultural leisure , third place , user-generated content

References

Adu, E. (2024). The road to cultural participation [Master's thesis, Utrecht University].
Alexander, B. (2019). Commercial, social and experiential convergence: Fashion’s third places. Journal of Services Marketing, 33(3), 257–272. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-04-2018-0116
Ata, Y. (2019). Popüler müzikte bir "ötekileştirme" örneği: Heavy metal’e yönelik olumsuz yargıların estetik, toplumsal ve ahlaki boyutları. Etnomüzikoloji Dergisi, 2(2), 179–200.
Baulch, E. (2007). Making scenes: Reggae, punk, and death metal in 1990s Bali. Duke University Press.
Bayu, Y. E., & Özmen, M. B. (2017, October 4). Gri değil siyah: Rock müziğin kalesi Ankara. Bilkent Post. https://bilkentpost.bilkent.edu.tr/index.php/2017/10/04/rock-muzigin-kalesi-ankara/
Bennett, A. (1999). Subcultures or neo-tribes? Rethinking the relationship between youth, style and musical taste. Sociology, 33(3), 599–617. https://doi.org/10.1177/S0038038599000371
Bennett, A. (2000). Popular music and youth culture: Music, identity and place. Palgrave Macmillan.
Bennett, A. (2011). The post-subcultural turn: Some reflections 10 years on. Journal of Youth Studies, 14(5), 493–506. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261 .2011.559216
Bennett, A., & Rogers, I. (2016). In the scattered fields of memory: Unofficial live music venues, intangible heritage, and the recreation of the musical past. Space and Culture, 19(4), 490–501. https://doi.org/10.1177/1206331215623217
Brown, A. R. (2015). Everything louder than everyone else: The origins and persistence of heavy metal music and its global cultural impact. In A. Bennett & S. Waksman (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of popular music (pp. 261–277). Sage.

Calvert, A. (2019). Gentrification of an Indianapolis community: The city planning process and resident narratives on change [Doctoral dissertation, University of Indianapolis].
Clarke, J., Hall, S., Jefferson, T., & Roberts, B. (2014). Subcultures, cultures and class. In Resistance through rituals: Youth subcultures in post-war Britain (2nd ed., pp. 3-59). Routledge.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage.
Çerezcioğlu, A. (2013). Extreme metal scene’de kültürel sermaye: İzmir metal scene örneği. İnönü Üniversitesi Sanat ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3(7), 69–80.
Demirci, A. A. (2023). Türkiye'de ağır müziğin geçmişi. Karakarga Yayınları.
Denovan, A., & Macaskill, A. (2017). Building resilience to stress through leisure activities: A qualitative analysis. Annals of Leisure Research, 20(4), 446-466. https://doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2016.1211 943
Dorsey, A. & Collier, R. (2018). Origins of sociological theory. ED-Tech Press.
Driver, C. (2011). Embodying hardcore: Rethinking ‘subcultural’ authenticities. Journal of Youth Studies, 14(8), 975–990. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13676261.2011.617733
Driver, C., & Bennett, A. (2015). Music scenes, space and the body. Cultural Sociology, 9(1), 99–115. https://doi.org/10.1177/1749975514546234
Ekşi Sözlük. (n.d.). Always rock. Retrieved October 11, 2024, from https://eksisozluk.com/always-rock--1962264
Ekşi Sözlük. (n.d.). On a on. Retrieved October 11, 2024, from https://eksisozluk.com/on-a-on--142187
Ekşi Sözlük. (n.d.). Papaz bar. Retrieved October 11, 2024, from https://eksisozluk.com/papaz-bar--2531721
Emms, R. (2018). Live underground heavy metal: The perseverance and decline of an art world [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Manchester.
Esgin, A. (2012). Bir müzik sosyolojisi var mıdır? Doğu Batı Dergisi, 15(62), 153-182.
Gülmez, S. (2024). Black metal müziğin farklı müzik türlerinin profesyonel müzisyenleri üzerindeki psiko-sosyal stereotipleri: Black metal ve grotesk imajı [Yüksek lisans tezi, Ege Üniversitesi].
Güven, U. Z., & Ergur, A. (2015). Dünyada ve Türkiye’de müzik sosyolojisinin yeri ve gelişimi. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, 3(29), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.16917/sd.83542
Güven, U. Z. (2019). Toplumsal dönüşüm çerçevesinde değişen anlam ve kullanımlarıyla "boş zaman" sosyolojisi. Ankara Üniversitesi Dil ve Tarih-Coğrafya Fakültesi Dergisi, 59(2), 1125-1148. https://doi.org/10.33171/dtcfjournal.2019.59.2.18
Hall, S., & Jefferson, T. (Eds.). (1976). Resistance through rituals: Youth subcultures in post-war Britain. Hutchinson. Headbangers Travel Guide. (n.d.). Venues around the world. Retrieved October 10, 2024, from https://headbangerstravelguide.com/map
Hebdige, D. (1979). Subculture: The meaning of style. Routledge.
Hodkinson, P. (2002). Goth: Identity, style and subculture. Berg.
Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
Jeffres, L. W., Bracken, C. C., Jian, G., & Casey, M. F. (2009). The impact of third places on community quality of life. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 4(4), 333–345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-009-9084-8
Kahn-Harris, K. (2007). Extreme metal: Music and culture on the edge. Berg.
Kozinets, R. V. (2015). Netnography: Redefined (2nd ed.). Sage.
Lee, S. S., & Peterson, R. A. (2004). Internet-based virtual music scenes: The case of P2 in alt. country music. In A. Bennett & R. A. Peterson (Eds.), Music scenes: Local, translocal, and virtual (pp. 187-204). Vanderbilt University Press.
LeVine, M. (2008). Heavy metal Islam: Rock, resistance, and the struggle for the soul of Islam. University of California Press.
Lutz, C. A. (2022). Making a scene: A scenes approach to a local music archives. The American Archivist, 85(1), 268-287. https://doi.org/10. 17723/2327-9702-85.1.268
McLeod, M. (2024). Waxing ecological: Defending and refining the ecosystem approach in popular music studies. Authorea Preprints. https://doi.org/10. 22541/au.172484728.88120996/v1
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). Sage.
Mizuno, F. R. (2007). Processos educativos desvelados em prática social de trabalhadores de uma indústria de grande porte de São Carlos: Na perspectiva da convivência e do diálogo. Cadernos de Pós-graduação, 6(1), 77-92. https://doi.org/10.5585/cpg.v6n1.1873
Mkono, M., & Tribe, J. (2017). Beyond reviewing: Uncovering the multiple roles of tourism social media users. Journal of Travel Research, 56(3), 287-298. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516636 236
Moss, G., McIntosh, K., & Protasiuk, E. (2023). Barista in the city: Subcultural lives, paid employment, and the urban context. Taylor & Francis.
Oldenburg, R., & Brissett, D. (1982). The third place. Qualitative Sociology, 5(4), 265–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00986754
Oldenburg, R. (1999). The great good place: Cafes, coffee shops, bookstores, bars, hair salons and other hangouts at the heart of a community. Marlowe & Company.
Oldenburg, R. (2013). The café as a third place. In A. Tjora & G. Scambler (Eds.), Café society (pp. 7–21). Palgrave Macmillan.
Önder, A. (2018). Müzik dinleme alışkanlıkları üzerine dönemsel bir karşılaştırma - Diyarbakır örneği [Yüksek lisans tezi, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi].
Peterson, R. A., & Bennett, A. (2004). Introducing music scenes. In A. Bennett & R. A. Peterson (Eds.), Music scenes: Local, translocal, and virtual (pp. 1-15). Vanderbilt University Press.
Pronovost, G. (2000). The collapse of the leisure society? New challenges for the sociology of leisure. In S. R. Quah & A. Sales (Eds.), International handbook of sociology (pp. 355–365). Sage.
Riches, G. (2012). Caught in a mosh: Moshpit culture, extreme metal music and the reconceptualization of leisure [Doctoral dissertation, University of Alberta].
Riches, G. (2016). A force to be reckoned with: The role and influence of alcohol in Leeds’ extreme metal scene. In T. Thurnell-Read (Ed.), Drinking dilemmas: Space, culture and identity (pp. 99–113). Routledge.
Robinson, D., & Spracklen, K. (2019). Music, beer and performativity in new local leisure spaces: Case study of a Yorkshire Dales market town. International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure, 2(4), 329–346. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41978-018-00029-5
Rojek, C. (2005). Leisure theory: Principles and practice. Palgrave Macmillan.
Rosenbaum, M. S. (2006). Exploring the social supportive role of third places in consumers' lives. Journal of Service Research, 9(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670506289530
Rosenbaum, M. S., Ward, J., Walker, B. A., & Ostrom, A. L. (2007). A cup of coffee with a dash of love: An investigation of commercial social support and third-place attachment. Journal of Service Research, 10(1), 43–59. https://doi.org/10.1177 /1094670507303011
Shank, B. (1994). Dissonant identities: The rock 'n' roll scene in Austin, Texas. Wesleyan University Press.
Shim, J. M. (2004). The evolution of leisure studies in North America and South Korea: A study of cultural consensus [Doctoral dissertation]. The Pennsylvania State University.
Sinclair, G., & Dolan, P. (2015). Heavy metal figurations: Music consumption, subcultural control and civilizing processes. Marketing Theory, 15(3), 423-441. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470593115569 015
Sinclair, G., Tinson, J., & Dolan, P. (2019). Music in the time-spectrum: routines, spaces and emotional experience. Leisure Studies, 38(4), 509-522. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2019.1597147
Snell, D., & Hodgetts, D. (2007). Heavy metal, identity and the social negotiation of a community of practice. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 17(6), 430–445. https://doi.org/10. 1002/casp.943 Spracklen, K. (2013). Leisure, sports and society. Palgrave Macmillan.
Spracklen, K., Henderson, S., & Procter, D. (2016). Imagining the scene and the memory of the F-Club: Talking about lost punk and postpunk spaces in Leeds. Punk & Post-Punk, 5(2), 147-162. https://doi.org/10.1386/punk.5.2.147_1
Stanfors, M., & Jacobs, J. (2023). Unpaid caregiving and stress among older working-age men and women in Sweden. SSM - Population Health, 23, 101458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101458
Stebbins, R. A. (2018). The sociology of leisure: An estranged child of mainstream sociology. International Journal of the Sociology of Leisure, 1, 43-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41978-017-0003-5
Steinkuehler, C. A., & Williams, D. (2006). Where everybody knows your (screen) name: Online games as "third places." Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 11(4), 885–909. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2006.00300. x
Tuaillon Demésy, A. (2023). ‘I am a punk, I don’t give a damn!’ Chez Narcisse: A rural place of resistance. Cultural Sociology, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/17499755231160037
Varas-Díaz, N., Rivera-Segarra, E., Medina, C. L. R., Mendoza, S., & González-Sepúlveda, O. (2014). Predictors of communal formation in a small heavy metal scene: Puerto Rico as a case study. Metal Music Studies, 1(1), 87–103. https://doi.org/10.1386/mms.1.1.87_1
Vásquez, C. (2014). The discourse of online consumer reviews. Bloomsbury Academic. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781472593535
Waxman, L., Clemons, S., Banning, J., & McKelfresh, D. (2007). The library as place: Providing students with opportunities for socialization, relaxation, and restoration. New Library World, 108(9/10), 424–434. https://doi.org/10.1108/03074800710823953
Wallach, J. (2011). Unleashed in the East: Metal music, masculinity, and "Malayness" in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. In J. Wallach, M. H. Berger, & D. P. Greene (Eds.), Metal rules the globe: Heavy metal music around the world (pp. 85-105). Duke University Press.
Wallach, J., & Levine, A. (2011). I want you to support local metal: A theory of metal scene formation. Popular Music History, 6(1), 116–134. https://doi.org/10.1558/pomh.v6i1/2.116
Weinstein, D. (2000). Heavy metal: The music and its culture. Da Capo Press.
Weinstein, D. (2011). The globalization of metal. In J. Wallach, H. Berger, & P. D. Greene (Eds.), Metal rules the globe: Heavy metal music around the world (pp. 34–59). Duke University Press.
Williams, J. P. (2011). Subcultural theory: Traditions and concepts. Polity Press.
Williams, J. P., & Hannerz, E. (2014). Articulating the "counter" in subculture studies. M/C Journal, 17(6). https://doi.org/10.5204/mcj.912
Yılmaz, Ö. (2017). Batı'daki popüler kültür tartışmalarının Türkiye'deki müzik sosyolojisi çalışmalarına etkisi: Bir literatür sınıflandırma denemesi [Yüksek lisans tezi, Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi].
Zhang, Z., Ye, Q., Law, R., & Li, Y. (2010). The impact of e-word-of-mouth on the online popularity of restaurants: A comparison of consumer reviews and editor reviews. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 29(4), 694–700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2010.02.002
Zukin, S., Lindeman, S., & Hurson, L. (2017). The omnivore’s neighborhood? Online restaurant reviews, race, and gentrification. Journal of Consumer Culture, 17(3), 459–479. https://doi. org/10.1177/1469540515611203

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Recreation Sociology , Sociology of Music

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ahmet Elnur ^*
0000-0002-3287-535X
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

February 16, 2025

Publication Date

February 12, 2025

Submission Date

November 21, 2024

Acceptance Date

January 16, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 22 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1589079

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA64SG72JY

APA

Elnur, A. (2025). Spatial Analysis of Leisure Experiences in the Context of Music Subcultures: The Case of Ankara. OPUS Journal of Society Research, 22(1), 89-103. https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1589079

Müzik Altkültürleri Bağlamında Boş Zaman Deneyimlerinin Mekânsal Analizi: Ankara Örneği

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

Spatial Analysis of Leisure Experiences in the Context of Music Subcultures: The Case of Ankara

Abstract

Keywords

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Early Pub Date

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

Cite