Suriyeli Göçmenlerin Avusturya’ya Sanal Ağlarla Örülen “Düzensiz” Göç Deneyimleri: Nitel Bir Araştırma

Year 2024, Volume: 21 Issue: 3, 140 - 158, 30.05.2024

Nadide Schwarzenberger Yelda Özen

https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1449441

Abstract

Suriye'de 2011 yılında savaşın başlaması, Suriye'den Avrupa'ya büyük bir göç dalgası oluşturdu, ancak bu hareketlilik, Avrupa'nın, sınırlarını korumak adına göç politikalarını daha katı hale getirmesine neden oldu. Büyüyen krizle birlikte, Suriyeliler göç etmeleri için çok çeşitli yollar aradılar. 14-15 Eylül 2015 tarihlerinde Facebook üzerinden örgütlenen binlerce kişi Edirne'de toplanmış ve Balkanları yürüyerek geçip, Avrupa'ya girmelerine izin verilmesini talep etmişlerdir. Bu olay, sosyal medyanın düzensiz göç süreci üzerindeki önemli etkisini göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, Suriyelilerin göç öncesi, göç esnasında ve göç sonrasındaki göç deneyimlerinde sanal ağların rolünü anlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Avusturya'nın Linz kentine gelen veya burada yakalanan ve hali hazırda bu kentte ikamet eden 26 Suriyeli göçmenle yüz yüze derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Suriyeli göçmenler, yola çıkmadan önce zihinlerinde holografik bir izlenim yaratarak sanal ağlar ve akıllı telefonların sunduğu araçlarla neredeyse her adımı titizlikle planlamışlardır. Bu ağlar, göçmenlerin düzensiz göç rotasına aşina olmalarını sağlamış, rotanın güvenliğini önemli ölçüde artırmış ve “göç ağı merdivenlerini” birer birer geçmelerini sağlamıştır. Suriye göç deneyimi, sanal ağların göç süreci boyunca bireyleri motive etme, yönlendirme ve göç eyleminde bulunan bireyleri birbirine bağlamadaki önemli rolünü vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

: Suriyeli Göçmenler, Düzensiz Göç Rotası, Avusturya, Sosyal Media, Sanal Ağlar

Syrian Migrants' Experiences of “Irregular” Migration to Austria Interlaced by Virtual Networks: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

The beginning of the war in Syria in 2011 led to a massive immigration wave from Syria to Europe; however, this move made European immigration policies more rigid in securing borders. The growing crisis has compelled Syrians to explore various ways to move. On September 14–15, 2015, thousands of people organized through Facebook gathered in Edirne and demanded to be allowed to enter Europe by crossing the Balkans on foot. This incident underlined the significant impact of social media on the process of irregular immigration. This study aims to understand the role of virtual networks in the migration experiences of Syrians before, during, and after migration. In this context, face-to-face, in-depth interviews were conducted with 26 Syrian migrants who arrived at or were captured in and currently reside in Linz, Austria. Syrian migrants meticulously planned nearly every step through virtual networks and smartphone tools, creating a holographic impression in their minds before embarking. These networks significantly enhanced the familiarity and safety of the irregular migration route and allowed them to proceed with “the migration network ladders” one by one. The Syrian migration experience highlights the pivotal role of virtual networks in motivating, guiding, and connecting individuals throughout the process.

Keywords

Syrian Migrants, Irregular Migration Route, Austria, Social Media, Virtual Networks

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