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Çevrimiçi Benlik Performansı: Sosyal Medyada Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Kimlik İnşası

Year 2025, Volume: 22 Issue: 5, 882 - 896
https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1727321

Abstract

Bu araştırma, üniversite öğrencilerinin Instagram, TikTok ve X gibi sosyal medya platformlarında kimliklerini nasıl inşa ettiklerini ve yönettiklerini incelemektedir. İletişim odaklı bir kuramsal çerçeveyle yürütülen çalışmada, öğrencilerin dijital ortamlarda kendilerini nasıl sundukları; özgünlük, hedef kitle algısı ve akran geri bildirimlerinin duygusal etkisi gibi unsurlar üzerinden ele alınmıştır. Veriler, Türkiye’deki bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören öğrencilerle yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerle toplanmıştır. Tematik analiz sonucunda beş araştırma sorusu çerçevesinde altı temel tema ortaya çıkmıştır: seçici özgünlük, platforma özgü benlik sunumu, hedef kitle farkındalığı ve bağlam çökmesi, akran geri bildirimi ve duygusal etkiler, mahremiyet sınırları ve özgünlük–izlenim yönetimi arasındaki gerilim. Bulgular, öğrencilerin duygusal olarak içten ancak özenle seçilmiş içerikler paylaştıklarını; ruh halleri, platform kültürü ve hitap ettikleri kitleye göre içeriklerini bilinçli biçimde uyarladıklarını göstermektedir. Bazı katılımcılar dijital ve yüz yüze kimlikleri arasında tutarlılık olduğunu ifade ederken, bazıları ise görünürlüklerini ve dış algıyı yönetebilmek adına farklı platformlarda farklı kimlikler benimsediklerini belirtmiştir. Akranlardan gelen beğeni ve yorumların, paylaşım kararlarını etkileyen önemli bir duygusal unsur olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışma, dijital kimliğin değişken ve iletişimsel bir süreç olduğunu vurgularken; genç yetişkinlerin özgünlük ile toplumsal beklentiler arasında kurdukları dengeyi sürdürme çabalarının içerdiği duygusal emeği de görünür kılmaktadır.

References

  • Akkaş, İ., & Aksakal, E. (2023). Üniversite öğrencilerinde dijital kimlik kullanımı ve benlik sunumu üzerine bir inceleme. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(3), 754–774. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.-1229576
  • Bareket-Bojmel, L., Moran, S., & Shahar, G. (2016). Strategic self-presentation on Facebook: Personal motivations and audience awareness. Computers in Human Behaviour, 55, 788–795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.10.033
  • Bazarova, N. N., Choi, Y. H., Schwanda Sosik, V., Cosley, D., & Whitlock, J. (2017). Social sharing of emotions on Facebook: Channel differences, satisfaction, and replies. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 1(CSCW), 1–22. https://doi.org/-10.1145/3134673
  • Boyd, d. (2014). It’s complicated: The social lives of networked teens. Yale University Press.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/-10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Duffy, B. E., & Hund, E. (2019). Gendered visibility on social media: Navigating Instagram’s authenticity bind. International Journal of Communication, 13, 4983–5002.
  • Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Anchor Books.
  • Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/-1525822X05279903
  • Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2015). InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1990). Impression management: A literature review and two-component model. Psychological Bulletin, 107(1), 34–47. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.1.34
  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications.
  • Lomborg, S. (2013). Personal internet archives and media reflexivity: An explorative study of students’ practices. New Media & Society, 15(5), 713–731. https://doi.org/10.1177/-1461444812462851
  • Marwick, A. E., & boyd, d. (2011). I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience. New Media & Society, 13(1), 114–133. https://doi.org/-10.1177/1461444810365313
  • Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
  • Ökten, M. S. (2024). Dijital çağda kimlik inşası: Üniversite öğrencilerinin online kimlikleri üzerine bir araştırma. Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.58208/uad.2024.8.2.45
  • Özdemir, N. (2019). Dijitalleşen iletişim ortamlarında kimlik inşası ve benlik sunumu. Yeni Medya Elektronik Dergi, 3(3), 1–19. https://yenimedya.aydin.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ejnm_v03i3101.pdf
  • Page, R., & Thomas, B. (2021). Narratives of identity in social media: Reflections on theory and practice. Routledge.
  • Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
  • Papacharissi, Z. (2010). A private sphere: Democracy in a digital age. Polity Press.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Seidman, I. (2019). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences (5th ed.). Teachers College Press.
  • Siibak, A. (2009). Constructing the self through the photo selection – Visual impression management on social networking websites. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 3(1). https://cyberpsychology.eu/article/view/4218
  • Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2014). NetGirls: The Internet, Facebook, and body image concern in adolescent girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(6), 630–643. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22254
  • Treem, J. W., & Leonardi, P. M. (2013). Social media use in organizations: Exploring the affordances of visibility, editability, persistence, and association. Communication Yearbook, 36, 143–189. https://doi.org/10.1080-/23808985.2013.11679130
  • Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Roberts, L. R., & Eckles, K. (2014). Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3(4), 206–222. https://doi.org/-10.1037/ppm0000047
  • Yau, J. C., & Reich, S. M. (2019). “It’s just a lot of work”: Adolescents’ self-presentation norms and practices on social media. Journal of Adolescence, 73, 154–164. https://doi.org/-10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.04.001
  • Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publications. Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S., & Martin, J. (2008). Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships. Computers in Human Behaviour, 24(5), 1816–1836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.02.012

Performing The Self Online: University Students’ Identity Construction on Social Media

Year 2025, Volume: 22 Issue: 5, 882 - 896
https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1727321

Abstract

This study investigates how university students construct and manage their identities on social media platforms, including Instagram, TikTok, and X. Using a communication-oriented framework, the study examines the strategies students employ to present themselves online, with attention to authenticity, audience perception, and the emotional impact of peer feedback. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews at a public university in Türkiye. Thematic analysis revealed six key themes across five research questions: selective authenticity, platform-specific self-presentation, audience awareness and context collapse, peer feedback and emotional influence, privacy boundaries, and the tension between authenticity and impression management. Findings indicate that students engage in curated yet emotionally sincere self-expressions, adapting their content based on mood, platform norms, and intended audiences. While some maintain consistency between online and offline identities, others adopt varying personas across platforms to manage visibility and control perception. Peer validation emerged as a significant emotional factor influencing posting behaviour. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of identity as a dynamic, communicative process shaped by digital environments and highlights the emotional labour involved in balancing personal authenticity with social expectations.

References

  • Akkaş, İ., & Aksakal, E. (2023). Üniversite öğrencilerinde dijital kimlik kullanımı ve benlik sunumu üzerine bir inceleme. İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(3), 754–774. https://doi.org/10.15869/itobiad.-1229576
  • Bareket-Bojmel, L., Moran, S., & Shahar, G. (2016). Strategic self-presentation on Facebook: Personal motivations and audience awareness. Computers in Human Behaviour, 55, 788–795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.10.033
  • Bazarova, N. N., Choi, Y. H., Schwanda Sosik, V., Cosley, D., & Whitlock, J. (2017). Social sharing of emotions on Facebook: Channel differences, satisfaction, and replies. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 1(CSCW), 1–22. https://doi.org/-10.1145/3134673
  • Boyd, d. (2014). It’s complicated: The social lives of networked teens. Yale University Press.
  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/-10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Duffy, B. E., & Hund, E. (2019). Gendered visibility on social media: Navigating Instagram’s authenticity bind. International Journal of Communication, 13, 4983–5002.
  • Goffman, E. (1959). The presentation of self in everyday life. Anchor Books.
  • Guest, G., Bunce, A., & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59–82. https://doi.org/10.1177/-1525822X05279903
  • Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2015). InterViews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Leary, M. R., & Kowalski, R. M. (1990). Impression management: A literature review and two-component model. Psychological Bulletin, 107(1), 34–47. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.107.1.34
  • Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications.
  • Lomborg, S. (2013). Personal internet archives and media reflexivity: An explorative study of students’ practices. New Media & Society, 15(5), 713–731. https://doi.org/10.1177/-1461444812462851
  • Marwick, A. E., & boyd, d. (2011). I tweet honestly, I tweet passionately: Twitter users, context collapse, and the imagined audience. New Media & Society, 13(1), 114–133. https://doi.org/-10.1177/1461444810365313
  • Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass.
  • Ökten, M. S. (2024). Dijital çağda kimlik inşası: Üniversite öğrencilerinin online kimlikleri üzerine bir araştırma. Uluslararası Anadolu Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.58208/uad.2024.8.2.45
  • Özdemir, N. (2019). Dijitalleşen iletişim ortamlarında kimlik inşası ve benlik sunumu. Yeni Medya Elektronik Dergi, 3(3), 1–19. https://yenimedya.aydin.edu.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/ejnm_v03i3101.pdf
  • Page, R., & Thomas, B. (2021). Narratives of identity in social media: Reflections on theory and practice. Routledge.
  • Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y
  • Papacharissi, Z. (2010). A private sphere: Democracy in a digital age. Polity Press.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Seidman, I. (2019). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences (5th ed.). Teachers College Press.
  • Siibak, A. (2009). Constructing the self through the photo selection – Visual impression management on social networking websites. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 3(1). https://cyberpsychology.eu/article/view/4218
  • Tiggemann, M., & Slater, A. (2014). NetGirls: The Internet, Facebook, and body image concern in adolescent girls. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 47(6), 630–643. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.22254
  • Treem, J. W., & Leonardi, P. M. (2013). Social media use in organizations: Exploring the affordances of visibility, editability, persistence, and association. Communication Yearbook, 36, 143–189. https://doi.org/10.1080-/23808985.2013.11679130
  • Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Roberts, L. R., & Eckles, K. (2014). Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3(4), 206–222. https://doi.org/-10.1037/ppm0000047
  • Yau, J. C., & Reich, S. M. (2019). “It’s just a lot of work”: Adolescents’ self-presentation norms and practices on social media. Journal of Adolescence, 73, 154–164. https://doi.org/-10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.04.001
  • Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publications. Zhao, S., Grasmuck, S., & Martin, J. (2008). Identity construction on Facebook: Digital empowerment in anchored relationships. Computers in Human Behaviour, 24(5), 1816–1836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2008.02.012
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies, Social Media Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ayça Bakıner 0000-0003-4441-9703

Early Pub Date September 28, 2025
Publication Date October 5, 2025
Submission Date June 25, 2025
Acceptance Date August 30, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 22 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Bakıner, A. (2025). Performing The Self Online: University Students’ Identity Construction on Social Media. OPUS Journal of Society Research, 22(5), 882-896. https://doi.org/10.26466/opusjsr.1727321