The Impact of American Protestant Missions in Lebanon on the Construction of Female Identity, c. 1860–1950
Year 2024,
Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 19 - 39, 31.01.2024
Translator: Esra Çıplak
,
Translator: Celal Öney
Abstract
In an attempt to answer how American Protestant missionaries have impacted middle-class Syrian women, this article focuses on Syrian women's experience of the American Presbyterian Mission in Lebanon. It deals with missionary educational institutions as the most important field of encounter between missionaries and women in the Middle East. It also speculates on what young Arab women take from the ideas of gender, modernisation and deculturation of mission education to shape their own destinies and create their own identities.
References
- L. Tibawi, American Interests in Syria: 1800–1901: a study of educational, literary and religious work (London, Oxford University Press, 1966).
- Albert Hourani, History of the Arab Peoples (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1991).
- Arthur Judson Brown, One Hundred Years: ‘History of the Foreign Missionary work of the Presbyterian Church in the US’, with some account of countries, peoples and problems of modern missions (New York, Revell, 1936).
- Edward Hooker, Memoir of Mrs Sarah Lanman Smith, late of the Mission in Syria, under the Direction of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (Boston, Perkins & Marvin, 1939).
- Ellen L. Fleischmann, ‘ “Our Moslem sisters”: women of Greater Syria in the eyes of American Protestant missionary women’, Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 9:3 (1998).
- Fatma Hassan al-Sayegh, ‘American women missionaries in the Gulf: agents for cultural change’, Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 9:3 (1998).
- Fay Afaf Kanafani, Nadia: captive of hope: memoir of an Arab woman (Armonk NY/London, M. E. Sharpe, 1999).
- Fiona Bowie, Deborah Kirkwood & Shirley Ardener (Eds), Women and Missions, Past and Present: historical and anthropological perspectives (Oxford, Berg, 1993).
- James Nicol, An Outline History of the American Junior College for Women and the Beirut College for Women (unpublished manuscript, 1956).
- John A. DeNovo, American Interests and Policies in the Middle East, 1900–1939 (Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1963).
- Judith E. Tucker, ‘Women in the Middle East and North Africa: the nineteenth and twentieth centuries,’ in: Guity Nashat & Judith E. Tucker (Eds), Women in the Middle East and North Africa: restoring women to history (Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1999).
- Margaret M. Scherer, ‘Standing on their own feet’, Women and Missions 7:9 (December 1930).
- Margaret McGilvary, Story of Our Syria Mission (New York, Board of Foreign Missions Presbyterian Church of the US, 1920).
- Marie Aziz Sabri, Pioneering Profiles: Beirut College for Women (Beirut, Khayat, 1967).
- Mary Taylor Huber & Nancy C. Lutkehaus, ‘Introduction: gendered missions at home and abroad,’ in: idem (Eds), Gender Missions: women and men in missionary discourse and practice (Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1999).
- Patricia R. Hill, The World Their Household: the American women’s foreign mission movement and cultural transformation, 1870–1920 (Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1985).
- Rev. Henry Harris Jessup, The Women of the Arabs (New York, Dodd & Mead, 1873).
- T. A. Beidelman, Colonial Evangelism: socio-cultural study of an East African mission at the grassroots (Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1982).
- Edith Hanania, ‘Access of Arab women to higher education’, in Arab Women and Education, Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World (Beirut, Beirut University College, 1980).
- Isaac Riley, Syrian Home-life, from Materials Furnished by Rev. Henry Harris Jessup (New York, Dodd & Mead, 1874).
- Irene Teagarden, ‘Home economics in Syria’, Women and Missions. 6:9 (December 1929).
- Lois Wilson, ‘Through the eyes of our graduates’, Syria News Quarterly 9:3 (April 1939
Annie J. Glockler, ‘American School for Girls’, Syria News Quarterly 12:1 (October 1941).
- Lanice Paton Dana, ‘Reconstruction problems in Syria’, Woman’s Work for Woman 35 :11 (1920
Margaret McGilvary, The Dawn of a New Era in Syria (New York, Revell, 1920).
- W. A. Stolzfus, ‘The American Junior College for Women’, Syria News Quarterly 10:3 (April 1939).
- Ellen L. Fleischmann, ‘Crossing the boundaries of history: exploring oral history in researching Palestinian women in the Mandate period’, Women’s History Review 5:3 (1996).
Lübnan’daki Amerikan Protestan Misyonlarının Kadın Kimliğinin İnşasına Etkisi, (1860-1950)
Year 2024,
Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 19 - 39, 31.01.2024
Translator: Esra Çıplak
,
Translator: Celal Öney
Abstract
Amerikan Protestan misyonerliğinin orta sınıf Suriyeli kadınlar üzerinde nasıl bir etki yarattığını cevaplamaya çalışan bu makale, Suriyeli kadınların Lübnan’daki Amerikan Presbiteryen Misyonu deneyimine odaklanıyor. Ortadoğu’da misyonerler ve kadınlar arasındaki karşılaşmanın en önemli alanı olarak misyoner eğitim kurumlarını ele almaktadır. Ayrıca, genç Arap kadınlarının kendi kaderlerini şekillendirmek ve kendi kimliklerini yaratmak için misyon eğitimlerinin toplumsal cinsiyet, modernleşme ve kültürsüzleşme fikirlerinden neler aldıkları üzerine spekülasyonlar yapmaktadır.
References
- L. Tibawi, American Interests in Syria: 1800–1901: a study of educational, literary and religious work (London, Oxford University Press, 1966).
- Albert Hourani, History of the Arab Peoples (Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1991).
- Arthur Judson Brown, One Hundred Years: ‘History of the Foreign Missionary work of the Presbyterian Church in the US’, with some account of countries, peoples and problems of modern missions (New York, Revell, 1936).
- Edward Hooker, Memoir of Mrs Sarah Lanman Smith, late of the Mission in Syria, under the Direction of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions (Boston, Perkins & Marvin, 1939).
- Ellen L. Fleischmann, ‘ “Our Moslem sisters”: women of Greater Syria in the eyes of American Protestant missionary women’, Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 9:3 (1998).
- Fatma Hassan al-Sayegh, ‘American women missionaries in the Gulf: agents for cultural change’, Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 9:3 (1998).
- Fay Afaf Kanafani, Nadia: captive of hope: memoir of an Arab woman (Armonk NY/London, M. E. Sharpe, 1999).
- Fiona Bowie, Deborah Kirkwood & Shirley Ardener (Eds), Women and Missions, Past and Present: historical and anthropological perspectives (Oxford, Berg, 1993).
- James Nicol, An Outline History of the American Junior College for Women and the Beirut College for Women (unpublished manuscript, 1956).
- John A. DeNovo, American Interests and Policies in the Middle East, 1900–1939 (Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1963).
- Judith E. Tucker, ‘Women in the Middle East and North Africa: the nineteenth and twentieth centuries,’ in: Guity Nashat & Judith E. Tucker (Eds), Women in the Middle East and North Africa: restoring women to history (Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1999).
- Margaret M. Scherer, ‘Standing on their own feet’, Women and Missions 7:9 (December 1930).
- Margaret McGilvary, Story of Our Syria Mission (New York, Board of Foreign Missions Presbyterian Church of the US, 1920).
- Marie Aziz Sabri, Pioneering Profiles: Beirut College for Women (Beirut, Khayat, 1967).
- Mary Taylor Huber & Nancy C. Lutkehaus, ‘Introduction: gendered missions at home and abroad,’ in: idem (Eds), Gender Missions: women and men in missionary discourse and practice (Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1999).
- Patricia R. Hill, The World Their Household: the American women’s foreign mission movement and cultural transformation, 1870–1920 (Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 1985).
- Rev. Henry Harris Jessup, The Women of the Arabs (New York, Dodd & Mead, 1873).
- T. A. Beidelman, Colonial Evangelism: socio-cultural study of an East African mission at the grassroots (Bloomington, Indiana University Press, 1982).
- Edith Hanania, ‘Access of Arab women to higher education’, in Arab Women and Education, Institute for Women’s Studies in the Arab World (Beirut, Beirut University College, 1980).
- Isaac Riley, Syrian Home-life, from Materials Furnished by Rev. Henry Harris Jessup (New York, Dodd & Mead, 1874).
- Irene Teagarden, ‘Home economics in Syria’, Women and Missions. 6:9 (December 1929).
- Lois Wilson, ‘Through the eyes of our graduates’, Syria News Quarterly 9:3 (April 1939
Annie J. Glockler, ‘American School for Girls’, Syria News Quarterly 12:1 (October 1941).
- Lanice Paton Dana, ‘Reconstruction problems in Syria’, Woman’s Work for Woman 35 :11 (1920
Margaret McGilvary, The Dawn of a New Era in Syria (New York, Revell, 1920).
- W. A. Stolzfus, ‘The American Junior College for Women’, Syria News Quarterly 10:3 (April 1939).
- Ellen L. Fleischmann, ‘Crossing the boundaries of history: exploring oral history in researching Palestinian women in the Mandate period’, Women’s History Review 5:3 (1996).