Effects of Addition of Activated Lactobacillus buchneri to Corn Silage Before Re-Ensiling on Crude Nutrient Content, In Vitro Digestibility and Aerobic Stability of Silages

Year 2024, , 24 - 37, 30.06.2024

Kadir Erten , Fisun Koc

https://doi.org/10.54370/ordubtd.1294985

Abstract

In this study, the effect of activated lactobacillus buchneri additive to second crop corn silage on re-ensilage was investigated. Corn silages opened on the 150th day of fermentation was divided into 3 treatment groups (control (C), Lactobacillus buchneri (LB) and activated Lactobacillus buchneri (aLB)) and re-ensilaged after exposure to air (6, 12 and 24 hours). Re-ensilaged corn silages was subjected to 60 days of fermentation. Microbiological and chemical analyzes were performed on silages before and after re-ensilage. In vitro gas production (GP) and in vitro methane (CH4) production amounts of silages were determined. Organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolic energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) values were calculated with the obtained in vitro GP amounts. A 7-day aerobic stability test was applied to corn silages opened on the 60th day of ensiling. In the study, it was determined that the addition of aLB decreased neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre; (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL) values, and increased the amount of eter extract (EE), GP amount in vitro, OMD, ME, NEL and CH4 amount of corn silages. The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2), which increased depending on the exposure time to air, decreased linearly inaLB group. The addition of LB increased the crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), NDF, ADF, ADL, acetic acid (AA) and propionic acid (PA) amounts of corn silages. Addition of LB and aLB to silages resulted in less dry matter (DM) loss compared to the control group. As a result of the research, it was determined that silages exposed to air for 24 hours could be re-ensiled with the addition of aLB.

Keywords

corn silage, re-ensilage, activation, lactobacillus buchneri, in vitro gas production

Aktifleştirilmiş Lactobacillus buchneri’nin Yeniden Silolama Öncesi Mısır Silajına İlavesinin, Silajların Ham Besin Maddeleri İçeriği, in Vitro Sindirilebilirliği ve Aerobik Stabilitesi Üzerindeki Etkileri

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, ikinci ürün mısır silajına aktifleştirilmiş Lactobacillus buchneri ilavesinin yeniden silolama üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Fermantasyonun 150. gününde açılan mısır silajları kontrol (K), Lactobacillus buchneri (LB) ve aktifleştirilmiş Lactobacillus buchneri (aLB)) ilaveli olmak üzere 3 muamele grubu oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan bu muamele grupları 6,12 ve 24 saat süreyle havaya maruz bırakıldıktan sonra yeniden silolanmıştır. Yeniden silolanan mısır silajları 60 günlük fermantasyona bırakılmıştır. Yeniden silolama öncesi ve sonrası silajlarda mikrobiyolojik ve kimyasal analizler yapılmıştır. Silajların in vitro gaz üretimi (İVGÜ) ve in vitro metan (CH4) üretim miktarları belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen İVGÜ miktarları ile organik madde sindirilebilirlik (OMS), metabolik enerji (ME) ve net enerji laktasyon (NEL) değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Silolamanın 60. gününde açılan mısır silajlarına 7 günlük aerobik stabilite testi uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada aLB ilavesinin mısır silajlarının nötral çözücülerde çözünmeyen lif (NDF), asit çözücülerde çözünmeyen lif (ADF), asit çözücülerde çözünmeyen lignin (ADL) değerlerini düşürdüğü, ham yağ (HY), İVGÜ ve CH4 miktarı ile OMS, ME ve NEL miktarını arttırdığı belirlenmiştir. Havaya maruz kalma süresine bağlı olarak artış gösteren karbondioksit (CO2) miktarı aLB grubunda doğrusal olarak düşmüştür. Lactobacillus buchneri ilavesi ise mısır silajlarının ham protein (HP), ham selüloz (HS), NDF, ADF, ADL, asetik asit (AA) ve propiyonik asit (PA) miktarlarını artırmıştır. Silajlara LB ve aLB ilavesi, kontrol grubuna göre kuru madde (KM) kaybının daha az olmasını sağlamıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, 24 saat boyunca havaya maruz kalan silajların aLB katkısı ile yeniden silolanabileceği saptanmıştır.

Keywords

mısır silajı, yeniden silolama, aktifleştirme, Lactobacillus buchneri, in vitro gaz üretimi

References

• Akyıldız, A.R. (1984). Yemler bilgisi laboratuvar kılavuzu. Ankara Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları.
• Altınçekiç, E. ve Filya, İ. (2018). Effect of using bacterial inoculant and organic acid on the aerobic stability and feed value of small bale maize silages containing low dry matter.Turkish Journal of Agriculture-Food Science and Technology, 6(7), 887-892. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i7.887-892.1873
• Anonim (2022). Yem bitkisi istatistikleri. https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=92&locale=tr- adresinden 19 Ağustos 2022 tarihinde alınmıştır.
• AOAC (2005). Association official analytical chemist. Official methods of analysis (18. Baskı). AOAC International.
• Ashbell, G., Weinberg, Z. G., Azrieli, A., Hen, Y. ve Horev, B. (1991). A simple system to study the aerobic determination of silages. Canadian Agricultural Engineering, 34, 171-175. https://library.csbe-scgab.ca/docs/journal/33/33_2_391_raw.pdf
• Bağcık C., Okuyucu B. ve Koç F. (2023). Effects of ınoculation preactivated lactobacillus buchneri and urea on fermentation and aerobic stability characteristics of corn silage. Turkish Journal of Agriculture Food Science and Technology, 11(3), 431-438. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v11i3.431-438.5272
• Bai, J., Xu, D., Xie, D., Wang, M., Li, Z. ve Guo, X. (2020). Effects of antibacterial peptide-producing Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus buchneri on fermentation, aerobic stability, and microbial community of alfalfa silage. Bioresource Technology, 315, 123881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123881
• Basmacıoğlu, H. ve Ergül, M. (2002). Silaj mikrobiyolojisi. Hayvansal Üretim, 43(1), 12-24. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/85181
• Blümmel, M. ve Ørskov, E.R. (1993). Comparison of in vitro gas production and nylon bag degradability of roughages in predicting of food intake in cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 40(2-3), 109-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-8401(93)90150-I
• Campbell, B., (2014). Small-scale silage production: A resource for smallholder farmers. https://www.academia.edu/11444994/SmallScale_Silage_Production_A_Resource_for_Smallholder_Farmers adresinden Temmuz 2019 tarihinde alınmıştır.
• Chen, J., Stokes, M.R. ve Wallace, C.R. (1994). Effects of enzyme-inoculant systems on preservation and nutritive value of haycrop and corn silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 77(2), 501-512. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(94)76978-2
• Denen, M., & Basmacıoğlu Malayoğlu, H. (2022). Ot tipi yem şalgamı (Brassica rapa L.) silajında soldurmanın ve farklı katkıların fermantasyon ve aerobik stabilite üzerine etkileri. Journal of Agriculture Faculty of Ege University, 59(2), 297-312. https://doi.org/10.20289/zfdergi.963959
• Dos Anjos, G. V. S., Gonçalves L. C., Rodrigues, J. A. S., Keller, K. M., Coelho, M. M., Michel, P. H. F., Ottoni, D. ve Jayme, D. G. (2018). Effect of re-ensiling on the quality of sorghum silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(7), 6047-6054. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13687
• Elferink, S. O., Driehuis, F., Krooneman, J., Gottschal, J. C. ve Spoelstra, S. F. (1999). Lactobacillus buchneri can improve the aerobic stability of silage via a novel fermentation pathway: the anaerobic degradation of lactic acid to acetic acid and 1, 2-propanediol. In Proceedings of the 12th international silage conference/Eds. T. Pauly [et al.].-Uppsala: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (pp. 266-267).
• Erten, K., Kaya, A. ve Koç, F. (2022). Bakteriyel inokulant ve organik asit ilavesi ile yeniden silolamanın mısır silajının aerobik stabilitesi ve in vitro gaz üretim parametreleri üzerine olan etkileri. Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology, 12(4), 2568-2580. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.1138835
• Faria, E .F. S., da Silva, T. C., Pina D. D. S., Santos, E. M., de Araujo, M. L. G. M. L., da Silva, L. O. ve Carvalho, G. G. P. (2020). Do re-ensiling time and application of Lactobacillus buchneri alter the characteristics of sugarcane silage? The Journal of Agricultural Science, 158(5), 438-446. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859620000751
• Filya İ. (2001). Silaj fermantasyonu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 32(1), 87-93. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/34482
• Filya, İ. (2007). Ülkemizde silaj yapımı ve silaj kalitesinin artırılma yolları. Yem Magazin, 37-44.
• Gallo, A., Bernardes, T. F., Copani, G., Fortunati, P., Giuberti, G., Bruschi, S. ve Masoero, F. (2018). Effect of inoculation with lactobacillus buchneri LB1819 and lactococcus lactis O224 on fermentation and mycotoxin production in maize silage compacted at different densities. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 246, 36-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.09.009
• Hu, W., Schmidt, R. J., McDonell, E. E., Klingerman, C. M. ve Kung, Jr. L. (2009). The effect of lactobacillus buchneri 40788 or lactobacillus plantarum MTD-1 on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silages ensiled at two dry matter contents. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(8), 3907-3914. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2008-1788
• Kızılşimşek, M., Mokhtari, N. E. P., Adem, E. R. O. L., Öztürk, Ç. ve Gürkan, L. (2016). Laktik asit üretme yeteneklerinin yüksek olduğu bilinen izolatların mısır silajının in vitro gaz üretim değerleri ve yem kalitesi özelliklerine etkileri. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(Özel sayı-2), 285-288. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/264756
• Kleinschmit, D. H. ve Kung Jr. L. (2006). A meta-analysis of the effects of lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn and grass and small-grain silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 89(10), 4005- 4013. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(06)72444-4
• Koc, F., Ozturk Aksoy, S., Agma Okur, A., Celikyurt, G., Korucu, D. ve Ozduven, M.L. (2017). Effect of pre-fermented juice, lactobacillus plantarum and lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation charecteristics and aerobic stability of high dry matter alfalfa bale silage. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences. 27(5), 1426-1431. http://www.thejaps.org.pk/docs/v-27-06/04.pdf
• Koç, F. ve Coşkuntuna, L. (2003). Silo yemlerinde organik asit belirlemede iki farklı metodun karşılaştırması. Hayvansal Üretim, 44(2), 37-46. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/85152
• Kristensen, N.B., Sloth, K.H., Højberg, O., Spliid, N.H., Jensen, C. ve Thøgersen, R. (2010). Effects of microbial inoculants on corn silage fermentation, microbial contents, aerobic stability, and milk production under field conditions. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(8), 3764-3774. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3136
• Lima, E.M.D., Gonçalves, L.C., Keller, K.M., Rodrigues, J.A.D.S., Santos, F.P.C., Michel, P.H.F., Raposo, V.S. ve Jayme, D.G. (2016). Re-ensiling and its effects on chemical composition, in vitro digestibility, and quality of corn silage after different lengths of exposure to air. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 97(2), 250-257. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2016-0005
• Lynch, J. P., Baah, J. ve Beauchemin, K. A. (2015). Conservation, fiber digestibility, and nutritive value of corn harvested at 2 cutting heights and ensiled with fibrolytic enzymes, either alone or with a ferulic acid esterase-producing inoculant. Journal of Dairy Science, 98, 1214- 1224. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2014-8768
• McDonald, P., Edwards, R.A. ve Greenhalgh, J. F. D. (2002). Animal nutrition (6. Baskı). Longman, London and New York. McDonald, P., Henderson, A. R. ve Heron, S. J. E. (1991). The biochemistry of silage (2. Baskı). Chalcombe Publications.
• Medeiros, P. H. A. de Figueiredo, O. A., Lima, E. M., Gonçalves, L. C., dos Santos Rodrigues, J. A., Keller, K. M., da Glória, J. R., Borges AL da, C. C., Lana, Â. M. Q. ve Jayme, D. G. (2022). Re-ensiling and microbial inoculant use effects on the quality of maize silages exposed to air. Revista Brasileira de Agropecuária Sustentável (RBAS), 12(1), 19-28. https://doi.org/10.21206/rbas.v12i1.13683
• Menke, K. H., Raab, L., Salewski, A., Steingass, H., Fritz, D. ve Schneider, W. (1979). The estimation of the digestibility and metabolizable energy content of ruminant feedingstuffs from the gas production when they are incubated with rumen liquor in vitro. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 93(1), 217-222. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600086305
• Menke, K.H. ve Steingass, H. (1988). Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Animal Research and Development, 28, 7–55. https://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers?ReferenceID=604471
• Michel, P. H. F., Gonçalves, L. C., Rodrigues, J.A.S., Keller, K. M., Raposo, V. S., Lima, E. M., Santos, F. P. C. ve Jayme, D. G. (2017). Re‐ensiling and inoculant application with lactobacillus plantarum and propionibacterium acidipropionici on sorghum silages. Grass and Forage Science, 72(3), 432-440. https://doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12253
• Muck, R. E. (2010). Silage microbiology and its control through additives. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 39, 183-191. https://www.scielo.br/j/rbz/a/ynGDVy5rLyTQPPWMjHssmDM/?lang=en
• Muck, R. E., Nadeau, E. M. G., McAllister, T. A., Contreras-Govea, F. E., Santos, M. C. ve Kung Jr, L. (2018). Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 3980-4000. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13839
• Nishino, N., Yoshida, M., Shiota, H. ve Sakaguchi, E. (2003). Accumulation of 1,2-propanediol and enhancement of aerobic stability in whole crop maize silage inoculated with lactobacillus buchneri. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 94(5), 800–807p. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01810.x
• Okumuş, A. (2021). İkinci ürün mısır silajına fındık zurufu ilavesinin silaj fermantasyonu, aerobik stabilite ve in vitro gaz üretimi üzerine etkileri [Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi.
• Pahlow, G., Muck, R. E., Driehuis, F., Elferink, S. J. O. ve Spoelstra, S. F. (2003). Microbiology of ensiling. Silage Science and Technology, 42, 31-93. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr42.c2
• Ranjit, N. K. ve Kung Jr. L. (2000). The effect of lactobacillus buchneri, lactobacillus plantarum, or a chemical preservative on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 83(3), 526- 535. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(00)74912-5
• Santos, E. M., Zanine, A. M., Ferreira, D. J., Oliveira, J. S., Penteado, D. C. S. ve Pereira, O. G. (2008). Inoculante ativado melhora a silagem de capim-tanzania ("panicum maximum"). Archivos de zootecnia, 57(217), 35-72. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2790571
• Schmidt, R. J. ve Kung Jr, L. (2010). The effects of Lactobacillus buchneri with or without a homolactic bacterium on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silages made at different locations. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(4), 1616-1624. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2009-2555
• Seale, D. R., Pahlow, G., Spoelstra, S. F., Lindgren, S., Dellaglio, F. ve Lowe, J. F. (1990). Methods for the microbiological analysis of silage. Grovfoder.
• Seglar, W. J. (2003). Fermentation analysis and silage quality testing. Proceedings of the Minnesota Dairy Health Conference (pp. 119-135). University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy. Soysal, İ. (2000). Biometrinin prensipleri (İstatistik I ve II ders notları). TÜ Tekirdağ Ziraat Fak. Yayınları.
• Supelco, (1998). Solid phase microextraction: Solventless sample preparation for monitoring flavor compounds by capilllary gas chromatoghraphy. Bulletin 869A. https://gcms.cz/labrulez-bucket-strapi-h3hsga3/3d0431d0215646a69874d8960e2a198d/4524.pdf
• Tabacco, E., Piano, S., Revello-Chion, A. ve Borreani, G. (2011). Effect of Lactobacillus buchneri LN4637 and Lactobacillus buchneri LN40177 on the aerobic stability, fermentation products, and microbial populations of corn silage under farm conditions. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(11), 5589-5598. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2011-4286
• Van Soest, P. V., Robertson, J. B. ve Lewis, B. A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74(10), 3583-3597. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2
• Wilkinson, J. M. ve Davies, D. R. (2013). The aerobic stability of silage: key findings and recent developments. Grass and forage Science, 68(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2012.00891.x
• Zhang, Y. C., Li, D. X., Wang, X. K., Lin, Y. L., Zhang, Q., Chen, X. Y. ve Yang, F. Y. (2019). Fermentation quality and aerobic stability of mulberry silage prepared with lactic acid bacteria and propionic acid. Animal Science Journal, 90(4), 513-522. https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13181