Research Article
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The seroprevalance of hepatitis E, hepatitis G and TTV in haemodialysis patients

Year 2017, , 6 - 11, 02.03.2017

Neziha Yılmaz , Aydın Çifci , Mehmet Balcı Coşkun Kaya Salih Cesur , Mehmet Uyar Seda Sabah Yalçın Erdoğan Mehmet İbiş

https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.291105

Abstract

Aim: Patients with hemodialysis are in
the risk group for hepatitis viruses which can be transmitted by blood or blood
product, needle-stick injury or fecal-oral route. The present
study was aimed to determine the seropositivity of Hepatitis E, Hepatitis G and
TTV, in hemodialysis patients.

Materials and
Methods: A total of 132 people, consisting 66 hemodialysis patients (30
female, 36 male) and 66 controls (43 female, 23 male), was included in the study.
Anti-HEV, anti-HGV and anti-TTV IgG levels were measured by ELISA method. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS software.
The results of the statistical evaluation Students t test, Fisher's exact test
and Mann-Whitney tests were used. The value of P < 0.05 was
considered as statistically significant.

Results: The age
average of the 66 patients and healhty subjects in the study was 54.9 and 47.2
years, respectively. When the age average of patient group and control group
were compared, the average age of the patient group was higher than the control
group. Anti-TTV-IgG and anti-HEV IgG positivities were higher in hemodialysis
patients than in the control group. Anti-HGV-IgG positivity was not noted in
patients and the control group. There was no statistically significant
relationship between anti-TTV IgG and anti-HEV IgG positivities and the
duration of hemodialysis, age and gender.







Conclusion:
Hemodialysis patients are at a high risk of transmission of  TTV, hepatitis E virus and other hepatitis
viruses. Therefore, complying with the rules of cleaning and disinfection in
hemodialysis units are necesseary  for
prevent transmission of hepatitis viruses, such as HEV, and TTV.

Keywords

Hemodialysis patients hepatitis E hepatitis G TTV seroprevalence

References

  • Sırmatel F, Sırmatel Ö, Usalan C, Barlıoğlu C, Göymen A,ve ark . Hemodiyaliz hastalarında viral Hepatit B ve C seroprevalansı. İnfeksiyon Dergisi (Turkish Journal of Infection) 2008; 22 (1): 23-28
  • Gatedo DE, Mc Ligeyo SO, Okatlı FA, Kayima JK. Seroprevalance of hepatitis B and C in maintenance dialysis in a public hospital in a developing country. S Afr Med J 2003; 93: 380-4.
  • Kheradpezhouh M, Taremi M, Gachkar L, Aghabozorgi S, Khoshbaten M. Presence and significance of transfusion-transmitted virus infection in Iranian patients on maintenance hemodialysis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2007; 40: 106-11.
  • Gallian P, Berland Y, Olmer M, et al. TT virus infection in French hemodialysis patients: study of prevalence and risk factors. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37: 2538-42.
  • Chattopadhyay S, Rao S, Das BC, Singh NP, Kar P. Prevalence of transfusion-transmitted virus infection in patients on maintenance hemodialysis fromNewDelhi, India. Hemodial Int 2005; 9: 362-6.
  • Valtuille R, Frankel F, Gomez F, et al. The role of transfusion-transmitted virus in patients undergoing hemodialysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2002; 34: 86-88.
  • Schroter M, Feucht HH, Zollner B, Schafer P, Laufs R. Prevalence of a novel DNA virus (TTV) among patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Nephron 2001; 87: 139-42.
  • Uçar E, Cetin M, Kuvandik C, Helvaci MR. Hepatitis E virus seropositivity in hemodialysis patients in Hatay province, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2009 Apr;43(2):299-302.
  • Ayoola EA, Want MA, Gadour MO, Al-Hazmi MH, Hamza MK. Hepatitis E virus infection in haemodialysis patients: a case-control study in Saudi Arabia. J Med Virol. 2002 ; 66:329-34.
  • Stefanidis I, Zervou EK, Rizos C, Syrganis C. Hepatitis E virus antibodies in hemodialysis patients: an epidemiological survey in central Greece. Int J Artif Organs. 2004 ;27: 842-7.
  • Taremi M, Khoshbaten M, Gachkar L, EhsaniArdakani M, Zali M. Hepatitis E virus infection in hemodialysis patients: a seroepidemiological survey in Iran. BMC Infect Dis. 2005 May 17;5:36.
  • Kumar D, Arora A, Singh NP. Hepatitis G virus infection in hemodialysis patients from urban Delhi. Ren Fail. 2005; 27:87-93.
  • Ozdarendeli A, Toroman ZA, Kalkan A, Kilic SS, Ozden M, Doymaz MZ. Prevalence and genotypes of hepatitis G virus among hemodialysis patients in Eastern Anatolia,Turkey. Med Princ Pract. 2005;14(2):102-6.
  • Rivanera D, Lozzi MA, Idili C, Lilli D. Prevalence of TT virus infection in Italian dialysis patients. Pathol Biol . 2009 Feb;57(1):97-100.
  • Kheradpezhouh M, Taremi M, Gachkar L. Presence and significance of transfusion-transmitted virus infection in Iranian patients on maintenance hemodialysis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2007 ; 40(2):106-11.
  • Chan YJ, Hsu YH, Chen MC et al. TT virus infection among hemodialysis patients at a medical center in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2000;33:14-8).
  • Nishizawa T, OkamotoH, Konishi K, Yoshizawa H, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M. A novel DNA virus (TTV) associated with elevated transaminase levels in posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology. BiochemBiophys ResCommun1997; 241: 92-7.
  • Simmonds P, Davidson F, Lycett C, et al. Detection of a novel DNA virus (TTV) in blood donors and blood products. Lancet 1998; 352: 191-5.
  • Okamoto H, Akahane Y, Ukita M, et al. Fecal excretion of a nonenveloped DNA virus (TTV) associated with posttransfusion non-A-G hepatitis. JMedVirol 1998; 56:128-32.
  • Schroter M, Polywka S, Zollner B, Schafer P, Laufs R, Feucht HH. Detection of TT virus DNA and GB virus type C/Hepatitis G virus RNA in serum and breast milk: determination of mother-to-child transmission. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:745-7.
  • Okamoto H. History of discoveries and pathogenicity of TT viruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2009; 331: 1-20.
  • Tanaka H, Miyano M, Yukawa S. Detection of TT virus in Japanese hemodialysis patients. Nippon Rinsho1999; 57: 1410-2
  • Prescott LE, Simmonds P. Global distribution of transfusion-transmitted virus. N Engl J Med 1998;339:776-7.
  • Desai SM, Muerhoff AS, Leary TP, et al. Prevalence of TT virus infection in US blood donors and populations at risk for acquiring parenterally transmitted viruses. J Infect Dis 1999; 179: 1242-4.
  • Tunçbilek S, Coşkun D, Çetinkaya F, Hizel N, Tahtakılıç P. İstanbul'da kan donörlerinde TT virusu (TTV) prevalansının araştırılması. Flora 1999; 4: 273-7.
  • Türkoğlu S. TTV'nin farklı hasta gruplarında araştırılması. Türk Mikrobiol Cem Derg 2001; 31:259-61.
  • Irshad M, Mandal K, Singh S, Agarwal SK. Torque teno virus infection in hemodialysis patients in North India. Int Urol Nephrol 2010; 42: 1077-83.
  • Usta M, Dilek K, Ersoy A, et al. Prevalence of transfusion transmitted virus infection and its effect on renal graft survival in renal transplant recipients. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2002; 36: 473-7.
  • Burra P, Masier A, Boldrin C, et al. Torque Teno Virus: any pathological role in liver transplanted patients? Transpl Int 2008; 21: 972-9.
  • Erdurak FO, Dündar İH, Saltoğlu N, Yaman A, Çetiner S. Subtropik bir bölge olan Adana yöresinde anti-HEV sıklığı. II. Ulusal Viral Hepatit Sempozyumu. Ankara, 1994. Program Kitabı, s. 146.
  • Gültekin M, Öğünç D, Çolak D. Sağlık personelinde HEV seroprevalansı. II. Ulusal Viral Hepatit Sempozyumu. Ankara, 1994. Program Kitabı, s. 148.
  • Özacar T, Zeytinoğlu A, Yetişin A. Sağlık çalışanlarında anti-HEV araştırılması (ön çalışma). II. Ulusal Viral Hepatit Sempozyumu. Ankara, 1994. Program Kitabı, s. 150.
  • Aydın K, Koksal I, Çaylan R, Ayaz C, Usta T, Günel A. Hepatit E seropozitifliğinin iki bölgede araştırılması. II. Ulusal Viral Hepatit Sempozyumu. Ankara, 1994. Program Kitabı, s. 151.
  • Hoşoğlu S, Ayaz C, Kökoğlu ÖF, Geyik MF, Demirel M. Endemik bölgede yaşayan erişkinlerde anti-HEV prevalansını etkileyen faktörler. Viral Hepatit Derg 1997; 3: 79-82.
  • Bozdayı G, Verdi H, Derici Ü, Duranay M, Rota S, Uzunalimoğlu Ö. Hemodiyaliz hastalarında HEV ve HCV enfeksiyonları arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması. Türk Nefroloji Diyaliz ve Transplant Derg 2001;10:41-4.
  • Chauan A., Jameel S., Dilawan JB., Chawla YK., KaurU., Ganguly Nk., Hepatitis E virus transmission to a volunteer. Lancet 1993; 341:149-150.
  • Courtney MG., O'Mohoney M, Albloushi S., Sachithanadan S., Walshe J., Carmody M., Donoghue J., Parfney N., Shattock AG., Fielding J. Hepatitis E virus antibody prevalence. Lancet 1994; 344: 166.
  • Dökmetaş İ. HAV İnfeksiyonunun Epidemiyoloji ve Patogenezi. In: Tabak F, Balık İ, Tekeli E, eds. Viral Hepatit 2007. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Viral Hepatitle Savaşım Derneği, 2007:51-60.
  • Çitil BE, Sayıner HS, Akgün S, Aksöz S. Adıyaman ilinde hepatit A seroprevalansı. Journal of Contemporary Medicine 2015; 5 (3):157-162.
  • Cesur S, Akin K, Doğaroğlu I, Birengel S, Balik I. Hepatitis A and hepatitis E seroprevalence in adults in the Ankara area. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2002 ;36(1):79-83.

Hemodiyaliz hastalarında hepatit E, hepatit G ve TTV seroprevalansı

Year 2017, , 6 - 11, 02.03.2017

Neziha Yılmaz , Aydın Çifci , Mehmet Balcı Coşkun Kaya Salih Cesur , Mehmet Uyar Seda Sabah Yalçın Erdoğan Mehmet İbiş

https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.291105

Abstract

Amaç: Hemodiyaliz
hastaları kan, kan ürünleri, perkütan yaralanma veya fekal-oral yolla bulaşabilen
hepatit virüsleri açısından risk grubunda yer alır. Bu çalışmada, hemodiyaliz
hastalarında Hepatit E, Hepatit G ve TTV seropozitifliğinin belirlenmesi
amaçlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntemler:
Çalışmaya 66 hemodiyaliz hastası (30 kadın, 36 erkek) ve 66 kontrol (43 kadın,
23 erkek) olmak üzere toplam 132 kişi dahil edildi. Çalışmada anti-HEV, anti
HGV ve anti-TTV IgG düzeyleri ELISA yöntemi ile çalışıldı.  İstatistiksel analizler SPSS programı ile
yapıldı. Elde edilen sonuçların istatistiksel değerlendirilmesinde Students t
testi, Fischer exact testi ve Mann Whitney-U testleri kullanıldı. P < 0.05
değeri istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi.

Bulgular:
Çalışmaya alınan 66 hasta ve 66 sağlıklı kontrol grubunun yaş ortalaması
sırasıyla; 54,9 ve 47,2 idi.  Hasta ve kontrol  grubunun yaş ortalaması  karşılaştırıldığında hasta grubunun yaş
ortalaması daha yüksekti.

Anti-TTV IgG ve anti-HEV IgG pozitifliği hemodiyaliz
hastalarında kontrol grubuna göre daha yüksek bulundu. Hasta ve kontrol
grubunda anti-HGV IgG pozitifliği tespit edilmedi.   Hemodiyaliz hasta grubunda anti-TTV IgG ve
anti-HEV IgG pozitifliği ile hemodiyaliz süresi, yaş ve cinsiyet arasında
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı. 









Sonuç:
Hemodiyaliz hastaları,  TTV, hepatit E
virüsü ve diğer hepatit virüslerinin bulaşı açısından yüksek risk taşırlar. Bu
nedenle, hemodiyaliz ünitelerde temizlik ve dezenfeksiyon kurallarına uyulması
HEV ve TTV gibi hepatit virüslerinin bulaşını önlemek için gereklidir. 



Keywords

Hemodiyaliz hastaları hepatit E hepatit G TTV seroprevalans

References

  • Sırmatel F, Sırmatel Ö, Usalan C, Barlıoğlu C, Göymen A,ve ark . Hemodiyaliz hastalarında viral Hepatit B ve C seroprevalansı. İnfeksiyon Dergisi (Turkish Journal of Infection) 2008; 22 (1): 23-28
  • Gatedo DE, Mc Ligeyo SO, Okatlı FA, Kayima JK. Seroprevalance of hepatitis B and C in maintenance dialysis in a public hospital in a developing country. S Afr Med J 2003; 93: 380-4.
  • Kheradpezhouh M, Taremi M, Gachkar L, Aghabozorgi S, Khoshbaten M. Presence and significance of transfusion-transmitted virus infection in Iranian patients on maintenance hemodialysis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2007; 40: 106-11.
  • Gallian P, Berland Y, Olmer M, et al. TT virus infection in French hemodialysis patients: study of prevalence and risk factors. J Clin Microbiol 1999;37: 2538-42.
  • Chattopadhyay S, Rao S, Das BC, Singh NP, Kar P. Prevalence of transfusion-transmitted virus infection in patients on maintenance hemodialysis fromNewDelhi, India. Hemodial Int 2005; 9: 362-6.
  • Valtuille R, Frankel F, Gomez F, et al. The role of transfusion-transmitted virus in patients undergoing hemodialysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2002; 34: 86-88.
  • Schroter M, Feucht HH, Zollner B, Schafer P, Laufs R. Prevalence of a novel DNA virus (TTV) among patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Nephron 2001; 87: 139-42.
  • Uçar E, Cetin M, Kuvandik C, Helvaci MR. Hepatitis E virus seropositivity in hemodialysis patients in Hatay province, Turkey. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2009 Apr;43(2):299-302.
  • Ayoola EA, Want MA, Gadour MO, Al-Hazmi MH, Hamza MK. Hepatitis E virus infection in haemodialysis patients: a case-control study in Saudi Arabia. J Med Virol. 2002 ; 66:329-34.
  • Stefanidis I, Zervou EK, Rizos C, Syrganis C. Hepatitis E virus antibodies in hemodialysis patients: an epidemiological survey in central Greece. Int J Artif Organs. 2004 ;27: 842-7.
  • Taremi M, Khoshbaten M, Gachkar L, EhsaniArdakani M, Zali M. Hepatitis E virus infection in hemodialysis patients: a seroepidemiological survey in Iran. BMC Infect Dis. 2005 May 17;5:36.
  • Kumar D, Arora A, Singh NP. Hepatitis G virus infection in hemodialysis patients from urban Delhi. Ren Fail. 2005; 27:87-93.
  • Ozdarendeli A, Toroman ZA, Kalkan A, Kilic SS, Ozden M, Doymaz MZ. Prevalence and genotypes of hepatitis G virus among hemodialysis patients in Eastern Anatolia,Turkey. Med Princ Pract. 2005;14(2):102-6.
  • Rivanera D, Lozzi MA, Idili C, Lilli D. Prevalence of TT virus infection in Italian dialysis patients. Pathol Biol . 2009 Feb;57(1):97-100.
  • Kheradpezhouh M, Taremi M, Gachkar L. Presence and significance of transfusion-transmitted virus infection in Iranian patients on maintenance hemodialysis. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2007 ; 40(2):106-11.
  • Chan YJ, Hsu YH, Chen MC et al. TT virus infection among hemodialysis patients at a medical center in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2000;33:14-8).
  • Nishizawa T, OkamotoH, Konishi K, Yoshizawa H, Miyakawa Y, Mayumi M. A novel DNA virus (TTV) associated with elevated transaminase levels in posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology. BiochemBiophys ResCommun1997; 241: 92-7.
  • Simmonds P, Davidson F, Lycett C, et al. Detection of a novel DNA virus (TTV) in blood donors and blood products. Lancet 1998; 352: 191-5.
  • Okamoto H, Akahane Y, Ukita M, et al. Fecal excretion of a nonenveloped DNA virus (TTV) associated with posttransfusion non-A-G hepatitis. JMedVirol 1998; 56:128-32.
  • Schroter M, Polywka S, Zollner B, Schafer P, Laufs R, Feucht HH. Detection of TT virus DNA and GB virus type C/Hepatitis G virus RNA in serum and breast milk: determination of mother-to-child transmission. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38:745-7.
  • Okamoto H. History of discoveries and pathogenicity of TT viruses. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2009; 331: 1-20.
  • Tanaka H, Miyano M, Yukawa S. Detection of TT virus in Japanese hemodialysis patients. Nippon Rinsho1999; 57: 1410-2
  • Prescott LE, Simmonds P. Global distribution of transfusion-transmitted virus. N Engl J Med 1998;339:776-7.
  • Desai SM, Muerhoff AS, Leary TP, et al. Prevalence of TT virus infection in US blood donors and populations at risk for acquiring parenterally transmitted viruses. J Infect Dis 1999; 179: 1242-4.
  • Tunçbilek S, Coşkun D, Çetinkaya F, Hizel N, Tahtakılıç P. İstanbul'da kan donörlerinde TT virusu (TTV) prevalansının araştırılması. Flora 1999; 4: 273-7.
  • Türkoğlu S. TTV'nin farklı hasta gruplarında araştırılması. Türk Mikrobiol Cem Derg 2001; 31:259-61.
  • Irshad M, Mandal K, Singh S, Agarwal SK. Torque teno virus infection in hemodialysis patients in North India. Int Urol Nephrol 2010; 42: 1077-83.
  • Usta M, Dilek K, Ersoy A, et al. Prevalence of transfusion transmitted virus infection and its effect on renal graft survival in renal transplant recipients. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2002; 36: 473-7.
  • Burra P, Masier A, Boldrin C, et al. Torque Teno Virus: any pathological role in liver transplanted patients? Transpl Int 2008; 21: 972-9.
  • Erdurak FO, Dündar İH, Saltoğlu N, Yaman A, Çetiner S. Subtropik bir bölge olan Adana yöresinde anti-HEV sıklığı. II. Ulusal Viral Hepatit Sempozyumu. Ankara, 1994. Program Kitabı, s. 146.
  • Gültekin M, Öğünç D, Çolak D. Sağlık personelinde HEV seroprevalansı. II. Ulusal Viral Hepatit Sempozyumu. Ankara, 1994. Program Kitabı, s. 148.
  • Özacar T, Zeytinoğlu A, Yetişin A. Sağlık çalışanlarında anti-HEV araştırılması (ön çalışma). II. Ulusal Viral Hepatit Sempozyumu. Ankara, 1994. Program Kitabı, s. 150.
  • Aydın K, Koksal I, Çaylan R, Ayaz C, Usta T, Günel A. Hepatit E seropozitifliğinin iki bölgede araştırılması. II. Ulusal Viral Hepatit Sempozyumu. Ankara, 1994. Program Kitabı, s. 151.
  • Hoşoğlu S, Ayaz C, Kökoğlu ÖF, Geyik MF, Demirel M. Endemik bölgede yaşayan erişkinlerde anti-HEV prevalansını etkileyen faktörler. Viral Hepatit Derg 1997; 3: 79-82.
  • Bozdayı G, Verdi H, Derici Ü, Duranay M, Rota S, Uzunalimoğlu Ö. Hemodiyaliz hastalarında HEV ve HCV enfeksiyonları arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması. Türk Nefroloji Diyaliz ve Transplant Derg 2001;10:41-4.
  • Chauan A., Jameel S., Dilawan JB., Chawla YK., KaurU., Ganguly Nk., Hepatitis E virus transmission to a volunteer. Lancet 1993; 341:149-150.
  • Courtney MG., O'Mohoney M, Albloushi S., Sachithanadan S., Walshe J., Carmody M., Donoghue J., Parfney N., Shattock AG., Fielding J. Hepatitis E virus antibody prevalence. Lancet 1994; 344: 166.
  • Dökmetaş İ. HAV İnfeksiyonunun Epidemiyoloji ve Patogenezi. In: Tabak F, Balık İ, Tekeli E, eds. Viral Hepatit 2007. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Viral Hepatitle Savaşım Derneği, 2007:51-60.
  • Çitil BE, Sayıner HS, Akgün S, Aksöz S. Adıyaman ilinde hepatit A seroprevalansı. Journal of Contemporary Medicine 2015; 5 (3):157-162.
  • Cesur S, Akin K, Doğaroğlu I, Birengel S, Balik I. Hepatitis A and hepatitis E seroprevalence in adults in the Ankara area. Mikrobiyol Bul. 2002 ;36(1):79-83.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original article
Authors

Neziha Yılmaz

Aydın Çifci

Mehmet Balcı This is me

Coşkun Kaya This is me

Salih Cesur

Mehmet Uyar This is me

Seda Sabah This is me

Yalçın Erdoğan This is me

Mehmet İbiş This is me

Publication Date March 2, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017

Cite

Vancouver Yılmaz N, Çifci A, Balcı M, Kaya C, Cesur S, Uyar M, Sabah S, Erdoğan Y, İbiş M. Hemodiyaliz hastalarında hepatit E, hepatit G ve TTV seroprevalansı. otd. 2017;9(1):6-11.

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