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Çocuklarda idrar yolu enfeksiyonu: güncel veriler eşliğinde bir değerlendirme

Year 2018, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 26 - 33, 26.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.391466

Abstract

Amaç: Çalışmadaki
amacımız, idrar yolu enfeksiyonu (İYE) olan hastaların epidemiyolojik
özellikleri, yakınmaların sıklığı, üreyen mikroorganizmalar ve bu
mikroorganizmaların antibiyotik dirençlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamız, 6 aylık bir dönemde
hastaneye başvuran ve İYE saptananlarla bu sürede yatan ve yatışı sırasında İYE
saptanan 221 olgu üzerinde yapılmıştır. Anamnez, semptomlar ve fizik muayene
bulguları ile İYE düşünülen hastalardan önce tam idrar tetkiki ve idrar kültürü
için idrar örneği alındı. Üreme saptanan kültürlerde antibiyotik diskleri
kullanılarak antibiyotik duyarlılıkları test edildi. Mililitrede 105
coloni forming unite (cFU/ml)’den fazla üreme olması pozitif olarak
değerlendirildi. Tekrarlayan İYE saptanan hastalara ultrasonografi (USG) ve
voiding sistoüretrografi (VCUG) çekildi. VCUG’de reflü saptanan hastalara DMSA
sintigrafi çekilerek skar araştırıldı.

Bulgular: Yaşları 0-15
arasında değişen hastaların, 109 (%49)’u erkek 112 (%
51)'si
kızdı. Yaşın artışı ile birlikte kızların oranında anlamlı bir artış
saptandı. Benzer şekilde  yaşın artışına
parelel olarak yatan hasta sayısının da giderek azaldığı görüldü. Yaşla beraber yatan hasta oranında azalma anlamlı bulundu. Yaşın artışı ile birlikte,
karın ağrısı, sık idrara çıkma, dizüri gibi spesifik yakınmaların oranının da
arttığı saptandı. Poliklinik hastalarında
E.coli en sık görülen mikroorganizma olmasına karşılık, yatan hastalarda
klebsiella en sık görülen (%48,5) patojen olarak saptanmıştır. Yatan hastalarda
en sık üreyen patojenler sırasıyla klebsiella (%48,5), E. coli (%30,9), proteus
(%27) iken; poliklinik hastalarında E. coli (%69), proteus (%12,5) ve klebsiella
(%9,6) olmuştur.







Sonuçlar:
Çalışmamızda, küçük
çocukların (0-2 yaş) İYE açısından daha fazla risk altında oldukları, yaşın
artışı ile yatarak tedavi görmesi gereken hasta oranının azalması ve İYE olan
erkeklerin sayısı azalırken; kız çocukların oranında azalma olması önemli
bulunmuştur. Günümüz verilerine göre antibiotik dirençlerinde anlamlı
olabilecek bir artış olmadığı görülmüştür.

References

  • 1.QuigleyR.Diagnosis of urinary tract infections in children. Curr Opin Pediatrics. 2009;21:194–198. 2.Becknell B, Schober M, Korbel L, et al. The diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of acute and recurrent pediatric urinary tract infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015;13:81–90 3.Swerkersson S, Jodal U, Ahren C, Hansson S. Urinary tract infection in small outpatient children: the influence of age and gender on resistance to oral antimicrobials. Eur J Pediatr 2014;173:1075–81. 4.Chang SL, Shortliffe LD. Pediatric urinary tract infections. Pediatrics Clin North Am. 2006;53:379–400. 
5.Kocak M, Buyukkaragoz B, Celebi Tayfur A, et al. Causative pathogens and antibiotic resistance in children hospitalized for urinary tract infection. Pediatr Int 2016;58:467–71. 
6.Hellerstein S, Linebarger JS. Voiding dysfunction in pediatric patients. Clin Pediatrics. 2003;42:43–49. 
7.Pelle G, Vimont S, Levy PP, et al. Acute pyelonephritis represents a risk factor impairing long-term kidney graft function. Am J Transplant. 2007;7:899–907. 8.Linhares I, Raposo T, Rodrigues A, Almeida A. Frequency and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria implicated in community urinary tract infections: a 10-year surveillance study (2000–2009). BMC Infect Dis 2013;13:19. 
9.Olbing H, Smellie JM, Jodal U, et al. New renal scars in children with severe VUR: a 10-year study of randomized treatment. Pediatrics Nephrol. 2003;18:1128–1231 10.Conway PH, Cnaan A, Zaoutis T, et al. Recurrent urinary tract infections in children: risk factors and association with prophylactic antimicrobials. JAMA. 2007;298:179– 186. 11.Nader Shaikh, Alejandro Hoberman, , Ron Keren,.et Al. Predictors of Antimicrobial Resistance among Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Children. The Journal Of Pedıatrıcs, 2016;171:116-71 12.Shaikh N, Morone NE, Bost JE, Farrell MH Prevalence of urinary tract infection in childhood: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27(4):30213.Sibel Dallı, İlhan T, Aydın Ece.İdrar Yolu Enfeksiyonu Bulunan Çocuklarda Üriner Sistem Anormallikleri Sıklığı . Tıp Araştırmaları Arşivi. 2016; 1 (1): 11-1714.Sastre JB, Aparicio AR, Cotallo GD, et al: Urinary tract infection in the newborn: clinical and radioimaging studies, Pediatr Nephrol 22:1735, 2007. 
15.Abbott GD: Neonatal bacteriuria: a prospective study of 1460 infants, BMJ 1:267, 1972. 16.Bachur R, Caputo GL: Bacteremia and meningitis among infants with urinary tract infections, Pediatr Emerg Care 11:280, 1995 17.Aynur Gülcan, Gülperi Çelik, Erim Gülcan, Zeliha Cansever, Dursun Murat Aladağ. İdrar yolu enfeksiyonu şüpheli hastalarda tam ı̇drar analizi ve kültür sonuçlarının performans değerlendirmesi. Abant Med J 2012;1(2):61-64 18.Özer B, Söğüt S, Duran N, Özer C, Kuvandık G, Çetin M. Üriner sistem infeksiyonlaı›nda laboratuvar testlerinin tanı değerleri. Turk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg 2007; 37 : 152- 156 19.Hoberman A, Charron M, Hickey RW, et al. Imaging studies after a first febrile urinary tract infection in young children. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:195–202. 
20.Khan AJ, Ubriani RS, Bombach E, et al. Initial urinary tract infec- tion caused by Proteus mirabilis in infancy and childhood. J Pediatr 1978;93:791–3. 21.Orrett FA, Brooks PJ, Richardson EG, et al. Paediatric nosocomial urinary tract infection at a regional hospital. Int Urol Nephrol 1999;31:173–9. 
22.Güneş H, Donma MM, Nalbantoğlu B, Aydın M, Kaya AD, Topçu B. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi’ne başvuran çocuklarda idrar örneklerinden izole edilen etkenler ve antibiyotik direnç durumları. Cumhuriyet Tıp Derg 2013; 35: 1-823.Çoban B, Ülkü N, Kaplan H, Topal B, Erdoğan H, Baskın E. Çocuklarda idrar yolu enfeksiyonu etkenleri ve antibiyotik dirençlerinin beş yıllık değerlendirmesi. Türk Ped Arş 2014; 49: 124-9 24.Brandstrom P, Hansson S. Long-term, low-dose prophylaxis against urinary tract infections in young children. Pediatr Nephrol 2015;30: 425–32.25.Lidefelt KJ, Bollgren I, Nord CE. Changes in periurethral microflora after antimicrobial drugs. Arch Dis Child 1991;66:683–5 26.Chang-Teng Wu, Hao-Yuan Lee, Chyi-Liang Chen, Pao-Lan Tuan, Cheng-Hsun Chiu. High prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of urinary tract infection isolates in febrile young children without localizing signs in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol and Infect (2016) 49, 243-248 27.Oh MM, Kim JW, Park MG, Kim JJ, Yoo KH, Moon DG. The impact of therapeutic delay time on acute scintigraphic lesion and ultimate scar formation in children with first febrile UTI. Eur J Pediatr 2012;171: 565-70. 28.Motor VK, Tutanç M, Arıca V, Arıca S, Ay B. Üropatojen Esche- richia Coli suşlarının üriner sistem enfeksiyonlarının tedavisin- de sık kullanılan antibakteriyel ajanlara duyarlılıkları. ANKEM Derg 2010; 24: 198-201. 29.Abuhandan M, Güzel B, Oymak Y, Çiftçi H. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance in children with urinary tract infection in Sanli- urfa. Turkish Journol of Urology 2013; 39: 106-10. 30.Üstün C, Demir YS, Demir S, Demirören S, Kurtoğlu MG. Pe- diyatrik yaş grubu toplum kökenli üriner sistem enfeksiyonla- rından izole edilen Escherichia coli ve Klebsiella spp. suşlarının in-vitro antibiyotik direnci. ANKEM Derg 2009; 23: 155-60. 31.Sastre JB, Aparicio AR, Cotallo GD, Colomer BF, Hernandez MC. Urinary tract infection in the newborn: clinical and radio imaging studies. Pediatr Nephrol 2007;22:1735–41.32.Zaki M, Mutari GA, Badawi M et al (2003) Vesicoureteric reflux in Kuwaiti children with first febrile urinary tract 
infection. Pediatr Nephrol 18:898–901 
33.Peru H, Bakkaloglu AA, Soylemezoglu O, Buyan N, Hasanoglu E. The relationship between urinary tract infections and vesicoureteral reflux in Turkish children. Int Urol Nephrol (2009) 41:947–95134.Sciagra R, Materassi M, Rossi V et al (1996) Alternative approaches to the prognostic stratification of mild to moderate primary vesicoureteral reflux in children. J Urol 155:2052–2056 35.West W, Venugopal S (1993) The low frequency of reflux 
in Jamaican children. Pediatr Radiol 23:591–593

Urinary tract infection in children: an assessment between current data

Year 2018, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 26 - 33, 26.03.2018
https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.391466

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of
urinary track infections, its frequency of complaints, reproductive
microorganisms and antibiotic resistance of these microorganisms.

Material and Method: Our study was carried out
on 221 patients who were admitted to the hospital in a 6 month period and who
were identified as UTI at the admission. The complete urine examinations
and  urine samples for urine culture were
taken before the patients who were suspected to  UTI, symptoms, and physical examination and
PSA. Antibiotic susceptibilities were tested by using antibiotic discs in grown
cultured.  Colony-forming unit (cFU / ml)
of milliliter was evaluated as positive for overproduction. Patient recurrent
ultrasonography (USG) and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) were withdrawn.
Scars were investigated by drawing DMSA scintigraphy in patients with reflux in
VCUG.

Results: In this study, 109 of  patients (49%) were male and 112 of (51%)
were female. A significant increase was detected in girls with age increases.  Similarly, the number of patients
hospitalized in parallel with the increase of 
age was found to decrease gradually. The significant decrease at the
proportion of patients with age was found . Similarly, the number of patients
decrease in contrast to age increase. According to the complaints of the
patients, the proportion of specific complaints such as abdominal pain,
frequent urination, and dizziness increased by age. E. coli  is the most common
microorganism in policlinic patients whereas Klebsiella spp, is the most common pathogen (48.5%) in hospitalized
patients. Klebsiella (48.5%), E. coli (30,9%) and proteus spp, (27%) were the most common pathogens in the
inpatients, whereas E. coli (69%), (69%),
Proteus spp (12.5%) and Klebsiella spp (9.6%) in the outpatient.







Conclusions: In our study, young
children (0-2 years) were found to be at greater risk for urinary tract infection,
reduction in the proportion
of patients who need to be treated on an inpatient basis, and the number of men
with urinary tract infections is decreasing, a decrease in the proportion of
girls is found to be important
There is no significant increase in antibiotic resistance according to
current data.

References

  • 1.QuigleyR.Diagnosis of urinary tract infections in children. Curr Opin Pediatrics. 2009;21:194–198. 2.Becknell B, Schober M, Korbel L, et al. The diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of acute and recurrent pediatric urinary tract infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015;13:81–90 3.Swerkersson S, Jodal U, Ahren C, Hansson S. Urinary tract infection in small outpatient children: the influence of age and gender on resistance to oral antimicrobials. Eur J Pediatr 2014;173:1075–81. 4.Chang SL, Shortliffe LD. Pediatric urinary tract infections. Pediatrics Clin North Am. 2006;53:379–400. 
5.Kocak M, Buyukkaragoz B, Celebi Tayfur A, et al. Causative pathogens and antibiotic resistance in children hospitalized for urinary tract infection. Pediatr Int 2016;58:467–71. 
6.Hellerstein S, Linebarger JS. Voiding dysfunction in pediatric patients. Clin Pediatrics. 2003;42:43–49. 
7.Pelle G, Vimont S, Levy PP, et al. Acute pyelonephritis represents a risk factor impairing long-term kidney graft function. Am J Transplant. 2007;7:899–907. 8.Linhares I, Raposo T, Rodrigues A, Almeida A. Frequency and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria implicated in community urinary tract infections: a 10-year surveillance study (2000–2009). BMC Infect Dis 2013;13:19. 
9.Olbing H, Smellie JM, Jodal U, et al. New renal scars in children with severe VUR: a 10-year study of randomized treatment. Pediatrics Nephrol. 2003;18:1128–1231 10.Conway PH, Cnaan A, Zaoutis T, et al. Recurrent urinary tract infections in children: risk factors and association with prophylactic antimicrobials. JAMA. 2007;298:179– 186. 11.Nader Shaikh, Alejandro Hoberman, , Ron Keren,.et Al. Predictors of Antimicrobial Resistance among Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Children. The Journal Of Pedıatrıcs, 2016;171:116-71 12.Shaikh N, Morone NE, Bost JE, Farrell MH Prevalence of urinary tract infection in childhood: a meta-analysis. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27(4):30213.Sibel Dallı, İlhan T, Aydın Ece.İdrar Yolu Enfeksiyonu Bulunan Çocuklarda Üriner Sistem Anormallikleri Sıklığı . Tıp Araştırmaları Arşivi. 2016; 1 (1): 11-1714.Sastre JB, Aparicio AR, Cotallo GD, et al: Urinary tract infection in the newborn: clinical and radioimaging studies, Pediatr Nephrol 22:1735, 2007. 
15.Abbott GD: Neonatal bacteriuria: a prospective study of 1460 infants, BMJ 1:267, 1972. 16.Bachur R, Caputo GL: Bacteremia and meningitis among infants with urinary tract infections, Pediatr Emerg Care 11:280, 1995 17.Aynur Gülcan, Gülperi Çelik, Erim Gülcan, Zeliha Cansever, Dursun Murat Aladağ. İdrar yolu enfeksiyonu şüpheli hastalarda tam ı̇drar analizi ve kültür sonuçlarının performans değerlendirmesi. Abant Med J 2012;1(2):61-64 18.Özer B, Söğüt S, Duran N, Özer C, Kuvandık G, Çetin M. Üriner sistem infeksiyonlaı›nda laboratuvar testlerinin tanı değerleri. Turk Mikrobiyol Cem Derg 2007; 37 : 152- 156 19.Hoberman A, Charron M, Hickey RW, et al. Imaging studies after a first febrile urinary tract infection in young children. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:195–202. 
20.Khan AJ, Ubriani RS, Bombach E, et al. Initial urinary tract infec- tion caused by Proteus mirabilis in infancy and childhood. J Pediatr 1978;93:791–3. 21.Orrett FA, Brooks PJ, Richardson EG, et al. Paediatric nosocomial urinary tract infection at a regional hospital. Int Urol Nephrol 1999;31:173–9. 
22.Güneş H, Donma MM, Nalbantoğlu B, Aydın M, Kaya AD, Topçu B. Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Araştırma ve Uygulama Hastanesi’ne başvuran çocuklarda idrar örneklerinden izole edilen etkenler ve antibiyotik direnç durumları. Cumhuriyet Tıp Derg 2013; 35: 1-823.Çoban B, Ülkü N, Kaplan H, Topal B, Erdoğan H, Baskın E. Çocuklarda idrar yolu enfeksiyonu etkenleri ve antibiyotik dirençlerinin beş yıllık değerlendirmesi. Türk Ped Arş 2014; 49: 124-9 24.Brandstrom P, Hansson S. Long-term, low-dose prophylaxis against urinary tract infections in young children. Pediatr Nephrol 2015;30: 425–32.25.Lidefelt KJ, Bollgren I, Nord CE. Changes in periurethral microflora after antimicrobial drugs. Arch Dis Child 1991;66:683–5 26.Chang-Teng Wu, Hao-Yuan Lee, Chyi-Liang Chen, Pao-Lan Tuan, Cheng-Hsun Chiu. High prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of urinary tract infection isolates in febrile young children without localizing signs in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol and Infect (2016) 49, 243-248 27.Oh MM, Kim JW, Park MG, Kim JJ, Yoo KH, Moon DG. The impact of therapeutic delay time on acute scintigraphic lesion and ultimate scar formation in children with first febrile UTI. Eur J Pediatr 2012;171: 565-70. 28.Motor VK, Tutanç M, Arıca V, Arıca S, Ay B. Üropatojen Esche- richia Coli suşlarının üriner sistem enfeksiyonlarının tedavisin- de sık kullanılan antibakteriyel ajanlara duyarlılıkları. ANKEM Derg 2010; 24: 198-201. 29.Abuhandan M, Güzel B, Oymak Y, Çiftçi H. Antibiotic sensitivity and resistance in children with urinary tract infection in Sanli- urfa. Turkish Journol of Urology 2013; 39: 106-10. 30.Üstün C, Demir YS, Demir S, Demirören S, Kurtoğlu MG. Pe- diyatrik yaş grubu toplum kökenli üriner sistem enfeksiyonla- rından izole edilen Escherichia coli ve Klebsiella spp. suşlarının in-vitro antibiyotik direnci. ANKEM Derg 2009; 23: 155-60. 31.Sastre JB, Aparicio AR, Cotallo GD, Colomer BF, Hernandez MC. Urinary tract infection in the newborn: clinical and radio imaging studies. Pediatr Nephrol 2007;22:1735–41.32.Zaki M, Mutari GA, Badawi M et al (2003) Vesicoureteric reflux in Kuwaiti children with first febrile urinary tract 
infection. Pediatr Nephrol 18:898–901 
33.Peru H, Bakkaloglu AA, Soylemezoglu O, Buyan N, Hasanoglu E. The relationship between urinary tract infections and vesicoureteral reflux in Turkish children. Int Urol Nephrol (2009) 41:947–95134.Sciagra R, Materassi M, Rossi V et al (1996) Alternative approaches to the prognostic stratification of mild to moderate primary vesicoureteral reflux in children. J Urol 155:2052–2056 35.West W, Venugopal S (1993) The low frequency of reflux 
in Jamaican children. Pediatr Radiol 23:591–593
There are 1 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original article
Authors

Yaşar Topal

Publication Date March 26, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Topal Y. Çocuklarda idrar yolu enfeksiyonu: güncel veriler eşliğinde bir değerlendirme. omj. 2018;10(1):26-33.

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