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Muğla'da 18 yaş ve altı cinsel istismar olgularının retrospektif değerlendirilmesi

Year 2018, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 135 - 141, 01.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.367348

Abstract

 

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, cinsel istismar nedeniyle adli rapor istemi ile başvuran
18 yaş ve altındaki çocuk olguların değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Merkezimize, 01 Haziran 2012 - 31 Aralık 2014 tarihleri arasında
cinsel istismar nedeniyle başvuran olgulardan, 18 yaşından küçük olanların raporları
retrospektif olarak incelendi. Olguların, yaş ve cinsiyet gibi demografik
verilerinin yanı sıra, saldırganın mağdura yakınlık derecesi, olay yeri, hangi
konularda rapor istendiği, olay tarihi ile ilk muayenesi ve birimimizdeki  muayenesi arasında geçen süreler ile muayene
sonuçları değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Cinsel istismar nedeniyle getirilen 387 olgunun 240’ı (%62,0) çocuktu. Olguların
%85,4’ü kız, %14,6’sı erkek, %97,1’i Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (TC) vatandaşı, %2,9’u
yabancı uyruklu idi. Toplam çocuk olguların % 45,4’ü 13-15 yaş arasındaki
ergenlerdi. Bunlardan %26,3’ünde şüpheli saldırganlar erkek arkadaş, sevgili,
nişanlı, eş gibi kişilerken, %20,5’inde kan bağı olan ve olmayan akrabalardı. Çocukların
%62,9’unda olay ev ve eklentilerinde gerçekleşmişti. Olguların %31,6’sında
cinsel saldırı olayının gerçekleştiği andan son yapılan muayene zamanına kadar
geçen süre 3 ay ile 1 yıl arasında olup %19’unda bu sürenin 1 yıldan uzun
olduğu saptanmıştır. İstismar, olguların %50,6’sında Mayıs-Ağustos ayları
arasında meydana gelirken, %23,8’i olaydan sonraki ilk 72 saat içinde muayene
edilebilmiş, bunların da % 57,9’u Adli Tıp Şube Müdürlüğü’nde muayene
edilmiştir.









Sonuç: Mağdurların, olay sonrası şikâyet sürelerinin gecikmesi dikkat
çekicidir; bu sebeple genel olarak tüm toplumda, bu konuda farkındalılık
yaratmak, delliller kaybolmadan getirilmeleri amacıyla bilgilendirme ve eğitim
çalışmalarının yapılması ve multidisipliner bir yaklaşımla olguların
değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir. 

References

  • 1.Lalor K. Child sexual abuse in sub-Saharan Africa: a literature review. Child Abuse Negl 2004; 28:439—460. 2. World Health Organization . Background paper to the UN secretary-general's study on violence against children. World Health Organization; Geneva (Switzerland): 2006. Global estimates of health consequences due to violence against children.
  • 3.Martin EK, Silverstone PH. How much child sexual abuse is “below the surface,” and can we help adults identify it early? [Last cited on 2014 Oct 01];Front Psychiatry. 2013 4:58. Available
  • 4.Collin-Vézina D, Daigneault I, Hébert M. Lessons learnt from child sexual abuse research: Prevalence, outcomes and preventive strategies. [Last cited on 2014 Oct 01];Child Adolesc Psychiatry Mental Health.2013 7:22. Available
  • 5.Verelst A, De Schryver M, Broekaert E, at al. Mental health of victims of sexual violence in eastern Congo: Associations with daily stressors, stigma and labelling. [Last cited on 2014 Oct 06];BMC Women's health. 2014 14:106.
  • 6.Haile RT, Kebeta ND, Kassie GM. Prevalence of sexual abuse of male high school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Last cited on 2014 Oct 01];BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2013 13:24
  • 7.Finkelhor D, Ormrod RK, Turner HA. Poly-victimization: a neglected component in child victimization. Child Abuse Negl. 2007; 31:7–26. [PubMed: 17224181] 8.Mills R, Scott J, Alati R, et al. Child maltreatment and adolescent mental health problems in a large birth cohort. Child Abuse Negl. 2013; 37(5):292–302. [PubMed: 23380430] 9.Andrews G et al. Child sexual abuse. In: Ezzati M, et al, eds. Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004. 
 10.Green A, Child sexual abuse and incest. In: Lewis M, ed. Child and adolescent psychiatry. A comprehensive textbook. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MA: Williams &Wilkins, 1996; 1041-48
  • 11.Dartnall, E.,Jewkes, R., 2013. Sexual violence against women: thescope of the problem. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 27 (1), 3–13,
  • 12.Catherine Hill and Holly Kearl (November 2011). Crossing the Line (2011):Sexual Harassment at School (Book or PDF file). Washingtone, D.C.: AAUW. p. 76
  • 13.Arslan MM, Kar H, Akcan R, at al. Hatay ağır ceza mahkemesinde karar bağlanan cinsel suçların analizi. Adli Bilimler Dergisi 2008;7(2):35–39.
  • 14. Beyazıt, U. Ayhan, AB(2015). Türkı̇ye’de yapılmış çocuğun mağdur olduğu cı̇nsel ı̇stı̇smar olgularını konu alan bı̇lı̇msel çalışmaların ı̇ncelenmesı̇. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies.31: 443-453
  • 15.Smith M, Bentovim A. Sexual Abuse. Rutter M, Taylor E ve ark. (Ed) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry-Modern Approaches, BlackwellScience, 1994; 230-251
  • 16.K.J. Gilson, S. Lancaster / Childhood sexual abuse in pregnant and parenting adolescents. Child Abuse&Neglect 32 (2008) 869–877
  • 17.Speizer IS et al. Dimensions of child sexualabuse before age 15 in three Central American countries: Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala. Child Abuse&Neglect, 2008, 32(4):455–62.
  • 18.Demirci Ş, Doğan HK, Erkol Z, at al. Konya'da cinsel istismar yönünden muayenesi yapılan çocuk olguların değerlendirilmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri J ForenMed 2008;5:43–49.
  • 19. Ceylan A, Tuncer O, Melek M, at al. Van Bölgesindeki çocuklarda cinsel istismar. Van Tıp Dergisi: 16 (4):131-134, 2009
  • 20.Karbeyaz K, Gündüz T, Balcı Y, at al. Yeni Türk Ceza Kanunu Sonrası değerlendirilen cinsel suç olguları; Eskişehir deneyimi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Med 2009;6(1):1-8.
  • 21.Ybarra ML1, Mitchell KJ. How riskyare social networking sites? A comparison of place sonline where youth sexual solicitation and harassment occurs. Pediatrics. 2008 Feb;121(2):e350-7.
  • 22.Ybarra ML1, Espelage DL, Mitchell KJ Theco-occurrence of Internet harassment and unwanted sexual solicitation victimization and perpetration: associations with psychosocial indicators. J Adolesc Health. 2007 Dec;41(6 Suppl 1):S31-41
  • 23.Aydin B, Akbas S, Turla A, at al. Child Sexual Abuse in Turkey: An Analysis of 1002 Cases . J Forensic Sci, 2015;60(1):61-65 24.Küçüker H. Analysis of 268 child and adolescent victims of sexual assault and the legal outcome. Turk J Pediatr 2008;50(4):313–6.
  • 25.Reza A, Breiding MJ, Gulaid J et al. Sexual violence and its health consequences for female children in Swaziland: a cluster surveystudy. Lancet 2009;373:1966–72.
  • 26.Quetelet LAJ. A treatise on man and the development of his faculties. 1969 Facsimilere production of the 1842 English translation. Gainesville (FL): Scholars’ Facsimiles&Reprints; 1835.
  • 27.Field S. Theeffect of temperature on crime. Brit J Criminol 1992;32(3):340–51.
  • 28.McLean I. Climatic effects on incidence of sexual assault. J Forensic LegMed 2007;14:16e9.
  • 29.Muram D. Child sexualabuse: relationship between sexual actsand genital findings. Child AbuseNegl. 1989;13:211–216
  • 30.Heger A, Ticson L, Velasquez O, Bernier R. Children referred for possible sexualabuse: medical findings in 2384 children. Child Abuse Negl 2002; 26: 645–659.
  • 31.Johnson CF. Child sexualabuse. Lancet 2004; 364:462.
  • 32.Adams JA, Evolution of a classification scale: medical evaluation of suspected child abuse. Child maltreat 2001; 6:31-36
  • 33.Kellogg N, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. The evaluation of sexualabuse in children. Pediatrics 2005; 116:506.
  • 34.Hymel KP, Jenny C. Child sexual abuse. Pediatr Rev 1996; 17:236.
  • 35.Floyed RL, Hirsh DA, Greenbaum VJat al. Development of a screening tool for pediatric sexual assault may reduce emergency-department visits. Pediatrics 2011; 128:221.
  • 36.Kendall-Tackett K, Meyer-Williams L, Finkelhor D, Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies. Psychological Bulletin, 1993; 113: 164–180
  • 37.Martin, G.,Bergen, H. A., &Richardson, A. S. (2004). Sexual abuse and suicidality: Gender differences in a large community sample of adolescents. Child Abuse&Neglect, 28, 491-503 38.Ventura, S.,Abma, J., Mosher, W., &Henshaw, S. (2006). Recent trends in teenager egnancy in the United States, 1990–2002, Health E-stats. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for HealthStatistics.

Retrospective evaluation of cases of sexual abuse under 18 years old in Muğla

Year 2018, Volume: 10 Issue: 2, 135 - 141, 01.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.21601/ortadogutipdergisi.367348

Abstract

Aim: In this
study, it was aimed to evaluate cases of children aged 18 years or younger who
applied for forensic report due to sexual abuse.

Material and Method: We retrospectively
reviewed the reports of those who were younger than 18 years old, who were
referred to our center between 01 June 2012 and 31 December 2014 for sexual
abuse. In addition to the demographic data such as age and gender, the results
of the examinations were evaluated with respect to the aggressor's degree of
proximity to the victim, the scene of the incident, the period of time during
which the report was requested, the period between the event date and first
examination.

Results: In
our study, 240 (62.0%) of 387 cases brought to sexual exploitation were
children. 85.4% of the cases were female, 14.6% were male, 97.1% were citizens
of Republic of Turkey (TC) and 2.9% were foreign nationals. Of the total
children, 45.4% were adolescents aged between 13 and 15 years. Of these, 26.3%
of the suspects were male friends, lovers, fiancées, spouses, 20.5% were blood
relatives and non-relatives. In 62.9% of the children, the event occurred in
houses and annexes. In 31.6% of the cases, the time from the sexual assault to
the last examination time was between 3 months and 1 year, 19% of the cases
were found to be longer than 1 year.
Abnormalities occurred in 50.6% of
the cases between May-August, 23.8% of them were examined in the first 72 hours
after the injury and 57.9% of them were examined at the Forensic Medicine
Department.

Conclusion:
It is striking that victims are delayed after complaints; for this reason it is
generally necessary to create awareness in the whole society, to make informed
and educated studies for the purpose of bringing up the descendents without
loss, and to evaluate the cases with a multidisciplinary approach.









 

References

  • 1.Lalor K. Child sexual abuse in sub-Saharan Africa: a literature review. Child Abuse Negl 2004; 28:439—460. 2. World Health Organization . Background paper to the UN secretary-general's study on violence against children. World Health Organization; Geneva (Switzerland): 2006. Global estimates of health consequences due to violence against children.
  • 3.Martin EK, Silverstone PH. How much child sexual abuse is “below the surface,” and can we help adults identify it early? [Last cited on 2014 Oct 01];Front Psychiatry. 2013 4:58. Available
  • 4.Collin-Vézina D, Daigneault I, Hébert M. Lessons learnt from child sexual abuse research: Prevalence, outcomes and preventive strategies. [Last cited on 2014 Oct 01];Child Adolesc Psychiatry Mental Health.2013 7:22. Available
  • 5.Verelst A, De Schryver M, Broekaert E, at al. Mental health of victims of sexual violence in eastern Congo: Associations with daily stressors, stigma and labelling. [Last cited on 2014 Oct 06];BMC Women's health. 2014 14:106.
  • 6.Haile RT, Kebeta ND, Kassie GM. Prevalence of sexual abuse of male high school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Last cited on 2014 Oct 01];BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2013 13:24
  • 7.Finkelhor D, Ormrod RK, Turner HA. Poly-victimization: a neglected component in child victimization. Child Abuse Negl. 2007; 31:7–26. [PubMed: 17224181] 8.Mills R, Scott J, Alati R, et al. Child maltreatment and adolescent mental health problems in a large birth cohort. Child Abuse Negl. 2013; 37(5):292–302. [PubMed: 23380430] 9.Andrews G et al. Child sexual abuse. In: Ezzati M, et al, eds. Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2004. 
 10.Green A, Child sexual abuse and incest. In: Lewis M, ed. Child and adolescent psychiatry. A comprehensive textbook. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MA: Williams &Wilkins, 1996; 1041-48
  • 11.Dartnall, E.,Jewkes, R., 2013. Sexual violence against women: thescope of the problem. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Obstet. Gynaecol. 27 (1), 3–13,
  • 12.Catherine Hill and Holly Kearl (November 2011). Crossing the Line (2011):Sexual Harassment at School (Book or PDF file). Washingtone, D.C.: AAUW. p. 76
  • 13.Arslan MM, Kar H, Akcan R, at al. Hatay ağır ceza mahkemesinde karar bağlanan cinsel suçların analizi. Adli Bilimler Dergisi 2008;7(2):35–39.
  • 14. Beyazıt, U. Ayhan, AB(2015). Türkı̇ye’de yapılmış çocuğun mağdur olduğu cı̇nsel ı̇stı̇smar olgularını konu alan bı̇lı̇msel çalışmaların ı̇ncelenmesı̇. The Journal of Academic Social Science Studies.31: 443-453
  • 15.Smith M, Bentovim A. Sexual Abuse. Rutter M, Taylor E ve ark. (Ed) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry-Modern Approaches, BlackwellScience, 1994; 230-251
  • 16.K.J. Gilson, S. Lancaster / Childhood sexual abuse in pregnant and parenting adolescents. Child Abuse&Neglect 32 (2008) 869–877
  • 17.Speizer IS et al. Dimensions of child sexualabuse before age 15 in three Central American countries: Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala. Child Abuse&Neglect, 2008, 32(4):455–62.
  • 18.Demirci Ş, Doğan HK, Erkol Z, at al. Konya'da cinsel istismar yönünden muayenesi yapılan çocuk olguların değerlendirilmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri J ForenMed 2008;5:43–49.
  • 19. Ceylan A, Tuncer O, Melek M, at al. Van Bölgesindeki çocuklarda cinsel istismar. Van Tıp Dergisi: 16 (4):131-134, 2009
  • 20.Karbeyaz K, Gündüz T, Balcı Y, at al. Yeni Türk Ceza Kanunu Sonrası değerlendirilen cinsel suç olguları; Eskişehir deneyimi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Med 2009;6(1):1-8.
  • 21.Ybarra ML1, Mitchell KJ. How riskyare social networking sites? A comparison of place sonline where youth sexual solicitation and harassment occurs. Pediatrics. 2008 Feb;121(2):e350-7.
  • 22.Ybarra ML1, Espelage DL, Mitchell KJ Theco-occurrence of Internet harassment and unwanted sexual solicitation victimization and perpetration: associations with psychosocial indicators. J Adolesc Health. 2007 Dec;41(6 Suppl 1):S31-41
  • 23.Aydin B, Akbas S, Turla A, at al. Child Sexual Abuse in Turkey: An Analysis of 1002 Cases . J Forensic Sci, 2015;60(1):61-65 24.Küçüker H. Analysis of 268 child and adolescent victims of sexual assault and the legal outcome. Turk J Pediatr 2008;50(4):313–6.
  • 25.Reza A, Breiding MJ, Gulaid J et al. Sexual violence and its health consequences for female children in Swaziland: a cluster surveystudy. Lancet 2009;373:1966–72.
  • 26.Quetelet LAJ. A treatise on man and the development of his faculties. 1969 Facsimilere production of the 1842 English translation. Gainesville (FL): Scholars’ Facsimiles&Reprints; 1835.
  • 27.Field S. Theeffect of temperature on crime. Brit J Criminol 1992;32(3):340–51.
  • 28.McLean I. Climatic effects on incidence of sexual assault. J Forensic LegMed 2007;14:16e9.
  • 29.Muram D. Child sexualabuse: relationship between sexual actsand genital findings. Child AbuseNegl. 1989;13:211–216
  • 30.Heger A, Ticson L, Velasquez O, Bernier R. Children referred for possible sexualabuse: medical findings in 2384 children. Child Abuse Negl 2002; 26: 645–659.
  • 31.Johnson CF. Child sexualabuse. Lancet 2004; 364:462.
  • 32.Adams JA, Evolution of a classification scale: medical evaluation of suspected child abuse. Child maltreat 2001; 6:31-36
  • 33.Kellogg N, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Child Abuse and Neglect. The evaluation of sexualabuse in children. Pediatrics 2005; 116:506.
  • 34.Hymel KP, Jenny C. Child sexual abuse. Pediatr Rev 1996; 17:236.
  • 35.Floyed RL, Hirsh DA, Greenbaum VJat al. Development of a screening tool for pediatric sexual assault may reduce emergency-department visits. Pediatrics 2011; 128:221.
  • 36.Kendall-Tackett K, Meyer-Williams L, Finkelhor D, Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies. Psychological Bulletin, 1993; 113: 164–180
  • 37.Martin, G.,Bergen, H. A., &Richardson, A. S. (2004). Sexual abuse and suicidality: Gender differences in a large community sample of adolescents. Child Abuse&Neglect, 28, 491-503 38.Ventura, S.,Abma, J., Mosher, W., &Henshaw, S. (2006). Recent trends in teenager egnancy in the United States, 1990–2002, Health E-stats. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for HealthStatistics.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original article
Authors

Yaşar Topal

Yasemin Balcı

Melike Erbaş This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 10 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Topal Y, Balcı Y, Erbaş M. Muğla’da 18 yaş ve altı cinsel istismar olgularının retrospektif değerlendirilmesi. omj. 2018;10(2):135-41.

e-ISSN: 2548-0251

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