Çatışma Çözümleri ve Uzlaşma Süreçlerinde Kimlik: Suriye’de Mezhepsel Kimlikler ve Çatışma Sonrası Suriye

Year 2022, , 49 - 77, 07.07.2022

Ebru Çoban Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1127972

Abstract

Suriye çatışma çalışmaları literatüründe yer bulan önemli örneklerden birisidir. Suriye’deki olayların çok sayıda sebebi mevcut olsa da mezhepsel kimlikler, bu kimliklerle bağlantılı gelişen materyal kazanımlar ve bunun etrafında şekillenen bir çatışma döngüsü göze çarpmaktadır. Suriye’deki şiddet sona erdiğinde ya da farklı bir biçime dönüştüğünde çatışma öncesi ve sırasında olduğu gibi çatışma sonrası süreçlerde de kimlik vurgusu ve mezhepsel kimlikler, siyasi ve toplumsal hayatta yer bulmaya devam edecektir. Bu nedenle çatışma sonrası çözüm ve uzlaşma gibi süreçlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi ve bu süreçlerde kimliklerin ve kimlik dönüşümlerinin dikkate alınması gerekmektedir. Ülkede kimliklerin araçsallaştırılarak çatışma unsuru haline getirilmesinin önüne geçilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu süreçler ülkede hakiki anlamda barışın gelmesi ve şiddetin tekrarlanmaması için gereklidir. Çatışma çözümleri ve uzlaşma literatüründe somut çözümlerle beraber kimlik dönüşümlerinin gerçekleştirilmesi en çok bahsedilen konulardan birisidir. Bu süreçler uygun şekillerde gerçekleştirilmezlerse şiddetin belli dönemlerde tekrar eden döngüsel bir niteliğe bürünmesi sık rastlanan bir durumdur. Çalışmada Suriye’deki mezhepsel kimlikler, çatışma sonrası beklenen çözüm ve uzlaşma süreçlerinde kimliğin yeri ve kimlik dönüşümleri ile olası toplumsal uzlaşma yaklaşımlarından bahsedilecektir.

Keywords

Çatışma Çözümü, Uzlaşma, Suriye, Mezhep, Kimlik

Identity in Conflict Resolution and Reconciliation: Sectarian Identities in Post-Conflict Syria

Abstract

Syria is one of the significant examples in the literature of conflict studies. Although there are many reasons for the events in Syria, sectarian identities, material gains related to these identities and a cycle of violence may remain. When the violence in Syria ends or turns into a different form, the emphasis on identity and sectarian identities will continue to find a place in political and social life in the post-conflict processes as well as before and during the conflict. For this reason, it is necessary to consider identities and identity transformations in processes such as post-conflict resolution and reconciliation, and to prevent identities from becoming an element of conflict by instrumentalizing them. This is necessary for genuine peace to come in the country and to avoid a cycle of violence. One of the most critical issues in conflict resolution and reconciliation literature is the necessity of realizing identity transformations together with concrete solutions. If these processes are not carried out in appropriate ways, it is common that cycle of violence recurs in certain periods. In this study, sectarian identities in Syria, the place of identity in post-conflict resolution and reconciliation processes, identity transformations and possible social reconciliation approaches in Syria will be discussed.

Keywords

Conflict Resolution, Reconciliaiton, Syria, Sect, Identity

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