After Hitler literally took power in 1934, Germany returned to the policy of creating a life field (Lebensraum) and becoming a World Power (Weltmacht) again. Within the framework of these policies, in the context of the “eastward” policy that Germany has followed since its establishment, it has once again turned to the Middle East, which is a strategic connection point of vital importance in world communication. The most important reason for this orientation is that Adolf Hitler realized that Germany was far behind in terms of economic and political influence in the Middle East, compared to England and France. Therefore; the Hitler Government appreciated this necessity and necessity, decided to work to obtain a zone of influence for Germany as well, in accordance with the requirements of the time, the east and south-east of Europe were decided as the zone of influence, Front Asia and Egypt. Aware that economic propaganda and tools will be insufficient in Germany's policy of influence towards the Middle East, he realized that he should conduct economic expansion activities together with cultural propaganda and cultural expansion.
İn this study, after Hitler came to power, before World War II, Germany's “cultural policy” towards the Middle East was the subject. In this context, it was attempted to put forward the cultural policy that should be followed against Turkey and Egypt, which Germany accepted as a Middle Eastern country. This was based on reports prepared by German scientists and contained in the Prime Minister's Republican Archive. According to reports prepared by Dr. Kurt Koehler (Deipzig), Dr Oluf Kürkkmann (Jane) and Dr. Wilhelm Eilers (Berlin), Germany's cultural policy towards Turkey and Egypt has been tried to clarify. In this context, in order to better understand the issue, the “influence zones policy” that Germany wants to follow in the Middle East was first put forward based on the reports. In the main part of the study, the cultural policy followed against Turkey, which is seen as the “gate of European East”, was focused. Later, the cultural policy carried out against Egypt, which is expressed as ”the gateway to the Muslim East", was clarified. In the conclusion part of the study, the results, evaluations, comments were included and some suggestions were made
After Hitler literally took power in 1934, Germany returned to the policy of creating a life field (Lebensraum) and becoming a World Power (Weltmacht) again. Within the framework of these policies, in the context of the “eastward” policy that Germany has followed since its establishment, it has once again turned to the Middle East, which is a strategic connection point of vital importance in world communication. The most important reason for this orientation is that Adolf Hitler realized that Germany was far behind in terms of economic and political influence in the Middle East, compared to England and France. Therefore; the Hitler Government appreciated this necessity and necessity, decided to work to obtain a zone of influence for Germany as well, in accordance with the requirements of the time, the east and south-east of Europe were decided as the zone of influence, Front Asia and Egypt. Aware that economic propaganda and tools will be insufficient in Germany's policy of influence towards the Middle East, he realized that he should conduct economic expansion activities together with cultural propaganda and cultural expansion.
İn this study, after Hitler came to power, before World War II, Germany's “cultural policy” towards the Middle East was the subject. In this context, it was attempted to put forward the cultural policy that should be followed against Turkey and Egypt, which Germany accepted as a Middle Eastern country. This was based on reports prepared by German scientists and contained in the Prime Minister's Republican Archive. According to reports prepared by Dr. Kurt Koehler (Deipzig), Dr Oluf Kürkkmann (Jane) and Dr. Wilhelm Eilers (Berlin), Germany's cultural policy towards Turkey and Egypt has been tried to clarify. In this context, in order to better understand the issue, the “influence zones policy” that Germany wants to follow in the Middle East was first put forward based on the reports. In the main part of the study, the cultural policy followed against Turkey, which is seen as the “gate of European East”, was focused. Later, the cultural policy carried out against Egypt, which is expressed as ”the gateway to the Muslim East", was clarified. In the conclusion part of the study, the results, evaluations, comments were included and some suggestions were made.
Hitler'in 1934’te tam anlamıyla iktidara gelmesinden sonra, Almanya bir yaşam alanı (Lebensraum) yaratma ve yeniden bir Dünya Gücü (Weltmacht) olma politikasına geri dönmüştür. Bu politikalar çerçevesinde Almanya'nın kuruluşundan bu yana izlediği “doğuya doğru” politikası bağlamında bir kez daha dünya iletişiminde hayati öneme sahip stratejik bir bağlantı noktası olan Ortadoğu'ya yönelmiştir. Bu yönelimin en önemli nedeni, Adolf Hitler'in Almanya'nın Ortadoğu'da İngiltere ve Fransa'ya kıyasla ekonomik ve siyasi etki açısından çok geride olduğunu fark etmesidir. Dolayısıyla Hitler Hükümeti bu gerekliliği ve gerekliliği takdir etmiş, Almanya için de bir nüfuz bölgesi elde etmek için çalışmaya karar vermiştir. B bağlamda, zamanın gereklerine uygun bir şekilde nüfuz bölgesi Almanya’nın nüfuz bölgesi olarak; Avrupa'nın doğu ve güneydoğusu, Ön Asya ve Mısır olarak kararlaştırılmıştır. Almanya'nın Ortadoğu'ya yönelik nüfuz politikasında ekonomik propaganda ve araçların yetersiz kalacağının farkında olarak, kültürel propaganda ve kültürel genişleme ile birlikte ekonomik genişleme faaliyetleri yürütmesi gerektiği fark edilmiştir.
Bu çalışmada; Hitlerin iktidara gelmesinden sonra Almanya’nın II. Dünya Savaşı öncesinde Orta Doğu’ya yönelik “kültür politikası” konu edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Almanya’nın Ortadoğu ülkesi olarak kabul etmiş olduğu Türkiye, Mısır’a karşı takip edilmesi gereken kültür politikası ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu yapılırken, Alman bilim insanlarınca hazırlanılan ve Başbakanlık Cumhuriyet Arşivi’nde yer alan raporlar temel alınmıştır. Dr. Kurt Koehler (Deipzig), Dr. Oluf Kürkkmann (Jane) ve Dr. Wilhelm Eilers (Berlin) tarafından hazırlanılan raporlara göre Almanya’nın Türkiye’ye, Mısır’a yönelik kültür politikası açıklığa kavuşturulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda; konunun daha iyi anlaşılması için ilk olarak, Almanya’nın Orta Doğu’da takip etmek istediği “nüfuz mıntıkaları politikası” raporlar temel alınarak ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışmanın asıl kısmında; “Avrupaî Şarkın kapısı” olarak görülen Türkiye’ye karşı takip edilen kültür politikası üzerinde durulmuştur. Daha sonra ise “Müslüman Şark’a açılan kapı” şeklinde ifade edilen Mısır’a karşı yürütülen kültür politikası açıklığa kavuşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuç kısmında ise varılan sonuçlara, değerlendirmelere, yorumlara yer verilmiş, bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Middle East Studies |
Journal Section | Articles |
Authors | |
Early Pub Date | November 28, 2023 |
Publication Date | December 7, 2023 |
Published in Issue | Year 2023 |
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