Analyzing the causes of the Yemen crisis in the Middle East in the 21st century with a focus on the typology of the national interests of Iran, Arabia, and America in it (2015-2022)

Year 2023, , 265 - 292, 23.01.2024

Kerem Turk

https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1342114

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the causes of the Yemen crisis by focusing on the national interests governing the relations between Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United States. If the cooperation or non-cooperation of actors over national interests does not lead to conflict, the national interests are parallel. If there are conflicts between them to achieve the national interest, they have conflicts of interest. If they cooperate in achieving national interests, they have a common national interest. And if the intensity of the conflict between actors is less profound than the conflicting national interest and they seek areas of influence for themselves, their national interests are of a discordant kind. Accordingly, the research raises the question of the causes of the Yemen crisis by focusing on the conflicting, parallel, common and discordant national interests of Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the United States in the 21st-century Yemen crisis in the Middle East? By collecting documentary information and explanatory research methodology, Firstly, it sees the cause of the crisis in the common national interests of Saudi Arabia and the United States and sees al-Qaeda's security, energy, and counterterrorism as the triangle of the Yemen crisis, a handicap for the cause The second cause of the crisis is the discordant national interests of Iran and Saudi Arabia and considers the confrontation of The Discourse of Iranian Shia Islam and the Saudi Salafi Islamic discourse in the Yemen crisis as also disabled for the cause. And the last cause of the Yemen crisis is Iran's conflicting national interests with the United States, and its effect is to deter Iran from infiltrating the 21st-century Middle East Yemen crisis.

Keywords

Yemen crisis, typology of national interests, Iran, Saudi Arabia, united states

İran, Arabistan ve Amerika'n Ulusal Çıkarları Tipolojisi Bağlamında, 21. yüzyıl Orta Doğu'sundaki Yemen Krizinin Nedenlerinin Analizi

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, İran, Suudi Arabistan ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri arasındaki ilişkileri yönlendiren ulusal çıkarlara odaklanarak Yemen krizinin nedenlerini analiz etmektir. Aktörlerin ulusal çıkarlar doğrultusunda işbirliği yapması veya işbirliği yapmaması çatışmaya yol açmıyorsa, ulusal çıkarlar paraleldir. Ulusal çıkarları elde etmek için aralarında çatışmalar varsa, çıkar çatışmaları vardır. Ulusal çıkarları elde etmek için işbirliği yapıyorlarsa, ortak ulusal çıkarları vardır. Ve eğer aktörler arasındaki çatışmanın yoğunluğu çatışan ulusal çıkarın derinliğinden daha az ise ve kendileri için etki alanları arıyorlarsa, ulusal çıkarları uyumsuz bir türdedir. Bu bağlamda, araştırma Orta Doğu'daki 21. yüzyıl Yemen krizinde İran, Suudi Arabistan ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin çatışan, paralel, ortak ve uyumsuz ulusal çıkarlarına odaklanarak Yemen krizinin nedenlerini sorgulamaktadır. Belgesel bilgi toplama ve açıklayıcı araştırma yöntemi ile öncelikle krizin nedenini Suudi Arabistan ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin ortak ulusal çıkarlarında görür ve el-Kaide'nin güvenliği, enerjisi ve karşıterörizmi Yemen krizinin üçgeni olarak görür. Krizin ikinci nedeni, İran'ın Suudi Arabistan ile uyumsuz ulusal çıkarlarıdır ve İran Şii İslam ve Suudi Salafi İslam söyleminin Yemen krizindeki karşılaşması da bu sebep için devre dışı bırakıcı olarak kabul edilir. Ve Yemen krizinin son nedeni, İran'ın Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile çatışan ulusal çıkarlarıdır ve etkisi, İran'ı 21. yüzyıl Orta Doğu Yemen krizine müdahale etmekten caydırmaktır.

Keywords

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yemen krizi, ulusal çıkarların tipolojisi, İran, Suudi Arabistan, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri

تحليل أسباب أزمة اليمن في الشرق الأوسط في القرن الواحد والعشرين مع التركيز على تصنيف المصالح الوطنية لإيران والعرب وأمريكا فيها (2015-2022)

Abstract

هدف هذه الدراسة هو تحليل أسباب أزمة اليمن من خلال التركيز على المصالح الوطنية التي تحكم العلاقات بين إيران والمملكة العربية السعودية والولايات المتحدة. إذا لم يؤدي تعاون أو عدم تعاون الفاعلين فيما يتعلق بالمصالح الوطنية إلى نشوب صراع، فإن المصالح الوطنية متوازية. إذا كان هناك صراعات بينهم لتحقيق المصلحة الوطنية، فإن لديهم تعارض في المصالح. إذا تعاونوا في تحقيق المصالح الوطنية، فإن لديهم مصلحة وطنية مشتركة. وإذا كانت شدة الصراع بين الفاعلين أقل عمقًا من المصلحة الوطنية المتعارضة وكانوا يبحثون عن مناطق تأثير لأنفسهم، فإن مصالحهم الوطنية تكون من نوع غير متناغم. وبناءً على ذلك، تطرح البحث مسألة أسباب أزمة اليمن من خلال التركيز على المصالح الوطنية المتنازعة والمتوازية والمشتركة والغير متناغمة لإيران والمملكة العربية السعودية والولايات المتحدة في أزمة اليمن في القرن الواحد والعشرين في الشرق الأوسط؟ من خلال جمع المعلومات الوثائقية ومنهج البحث التوضيحي، ترى أولاً أن سبب الأزمة يكمن في المصالح الوطنية المشتركة بين المملكة العربية السعودية والولايات المتحدة وتعتبر أمان القاعدة والطاقة ومكافحة الإرهاب ثلاثية أزمة اليمن، عائقًا أمام السبب. السبب الثاني للأزمة هو تعارض المصالح الوطنية بين إيران والمملكة العربية السعودية وتعتبر مواجهة خطاب الشيعة الإيراني والخطاب السلفي السعودي في أزمة اليمن أيضًا عائقًا أمام السبب. وآخر سبب لأزمة اليمن هو تعارض المصالح الوطنية لإيران مع الولايات المتحدة، وتأثيرها هو تثبيت إيران عن التسلل إلى أزمة اليمن في القرن الواحد والعشرين في الشرق الأوسط.

Keywords

أزمة اليمن, تصنيف المصالح الوطنية, إيران, المملكة العربية السعودية, الولايات المتحدة

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