Orta Afrika’da Güvenlik Sorunları ve Devlet Dışı Silahlı Aktörler: Boko Haram Örneği

Year 2023, , 323 - 342, 23.01.2024

Amınou Mohamadou

https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1417269

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Boko Haram terör örgütü ve Orta Afrika’da bölgesel güvenlik sorunlarının ortaya çıkmasındaki temel faktörleri, güvenlik sorunlarını, küresel ve bölgesel aktörlerin yaklaşımını analiz etmektir. Boko Haram, özellikle Nijerya’da faaliyet gösteren bir terör örgütüdür ve yıllar içinde Orta Afrika bölgesine genişleyerek bölgesel güvenlik endişelerini artırmıştır. Sınırların geçişkenliği, yoksulluk, işsizlik, devlete karşı güvensizlik ve bölgesel terörist gruplar arasındaki bağlantılar, örgütün Orta Afrika’da yayılmasının temel faktörleridir. Bu yayılma, kitlesel nüfus yer değiştirmelerine, ekonomik bozulmalara ve topluluklar arası gerilimlere yol açmıştır. Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) ve Orta Afrika Ülkeleri Ekonomik Topluluğu (Economic Community of Central African States – ECCAS) gibi küresel ve bölgesel aktörler, Boko Haram’a karşı istihbarat ve güvenlik iş birliğini artırmış ve uluslararası düzeyde çeşitli ortaklıklar kurulmuştur. Ancak, Boko Haram’ın Orta Afrika’da oluşturduğu tehdit, bölgesel ve uluslararası düzeyde koordineli bir mücadeleyi gerektirmektedir. Bu tehdide karşı yapılan askeri operasyonlarla birlikte, uzun vadeli istikrar için yoksulluk, eğitimsizlik ve çatışmanın nedenleriyle mücadele edilmesi stratejik öneme sahiptir.

Keywords

Boko Haram, Orta Afrika, Güvenlik, Terör

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışmanın, özgün bir çalışma olduğunu; çalışmanın hazırlık, veri toplama, analiz ve bilgilerin sunumu olmak üzere tüm aşamalarından bilimsel etik ilke ve kurallarına uygun davrandığımı kabul ederim.

Security Challenges and Non-State Armed Actors in Central Africa: The Case of Boko Haram

Abstract

The aim of this study is to analyze the key factors contributing to the emergence of the Boko Haram terrorist organization and regional security challenges in Central Africa, taking into account the literature on international relations. Boko Haram is a terrorist group primarily active in Nigeria, and over the years, its expansion into the Central African region has heightened regional security concerns. Factors such as porous borders, poverty, unemployment, distrust in the government, and connections among regional terrorist groups are fundamental to the organization's spread in Central Africa. This expansion has led to mass population displacements, economic disruptions, and inter-community tensions. Global and regional actors like the UN and ECCAS have increased intelligence and security cooperation against Boko Haram, establishing various partnerships at the international level. However, the threat posed by Boko Haram in Central Africa necessitates a coordinated effort at both regional and international levels. In addition to military operations against this threat, addressing poverty, lack of education, and the root causes of conflict is strategically crucial for long-term stability.

Keywords

Boko Haram, Central Africa, Security, Terror

لقضايا الأمنية والجهات المسلحة غير الحكومية في وسط أفريقيا: مثال بوكو حرام

Abstract

الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو تحليل العوامل الرئيسية والمشاكل الأمنية ونهج الجهات الفاعلة العالمية والإقليمية في ظهور منظمة بوكو حرام الإرهابية ومشاكل الأمن الإقليمي في وسط أفريقيا. وبوكو حرام هي منظمة إرهابية تعمل بشكل أساسي في نيجيريا، وقد توسعت إلى منطقة أفريقيا الوسطى على مر السنين، مما أدى إلى زيادة المخاوف الأمنية الإقليمية. إن سيولة الحدود والفقر والبطالة وانعدام الثقة في الدولة والعلاقات بين الجماعات الإرهابية الإقليمية هي العوامل الرئيسية لانتشار التنظيم في وسط أفريقيا. وقد أدى هذا التوسع إلى نزوح أعداد كبيرة من السكان، واضطرابات اقتصادية، وتوترات طائفية. وقد قامت الجهات الفاعلة العالمية والإقليمية مثل الأمم المتحدة والجماعة الاقتصادية لدول وسط أفريقيا (ECCAS) بزيادة التعاون الاستخباراتي والأمني ​​ضد بوكو حرام، وتم إنشاء شراكات مختلفة على المستوى الدولي. ومع ذلك، فإن التهديد الذي تشكله بوكو حرام في وسط أفريقيا يتطلب معركة منسقة على المستويين الإقليمي والدولي. وإلى جانب العمليات العسكرية ضد هذا التهديد، فإن مكافحة أسباب الفقر ونقص التعليم والصراع لها أهمية استراتيجية لتحقيق الاستقرار على المدى الطويل.

Keywords

بوكو حرام،, افريقيا الوسطى, حماية،, إرهاب

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