İşgal Sonrası Irak’ta Devletleşme Sorunlarının Kuramsal İncelemesi ve Petrol Zenginliğinin Etkileri

Year 2011, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 61 - 90, 14.07.2016

Pınar İpek

Abstract

Irak’ta 20 Mart 2003’te başlayan işgal sonrası devam eden siyasi bütünleşme sorunlarını anlamak için devletleşme sürecinin açıklanması önemlidir. Bu makale, ABD tarafından Irak’a tek taraflı müdahale sonucu izlenen devlet-kurma modelinin yarattığı sorunları, kalkınma çalışmaları içerisinde siyasi değişim ve Irak’ın tarihsel devletleşme sürecine etkisi bağlamında kuramsal açıdan açıklamaktadır. Bu çerçevede tarihsel sosyoloji litaretüründeki devlet kuramları açısından Irak’taki devletleşme sürecine petrol zenginliğinin yarattığı etkiler tartışılmaktadır. Yapılan değerlendirmenin ana saptamasına göre Irak’ın güvenliği ve yeni siyasi düzeninin başarısıyla meşruluğu, tarihsel süreçte toplumda farklı düzeylerde bulunan ideolojik, ekonomik, askeri ve politik sosyal güç kaynakları ile petrol zenginliğine bağlı sermaye yapısının belirlediği devlet toplum ilişkisinin, küreselleşme sürecinde yerel, bölgesel, uluslararası ve uluslarötesi aktörlerin tercih ve söylemleri doğrultusunda ne kadar ve nasıl değiştirilebileceğine bağlıdır

Keywords

Irak, Devlet-kurma, Devletleşme, Petrolün Politik Ekonomisi

The Theoretical Analysis of State-Building Problems in Iraq in the Post-Occupation Period and The Impacts of Oil Wealth

Abstract

It is important to explain the state-building process in Iraq in order to understand the continuing problems of political consolidation in the aftermath of Iraq’s invasion, which began on 20 March 2003. This article analyzes the problems that emerged out of the state-building model followed by the unilateral intervention of the US into Iraq within the context of political change theories in the development studies and the impact of such model on the historical trajectory of the Iraqi state. In this regard, the role of oil wealth in the state-building process of Iraq is discussed according to the theories of state in the literature of historical sociology. The main argument asserts that Iraq’s security, the success of its new political order and its legitimacy depends on how and to what extent the relationship between the state and society that has been determined by the structure of capital - strictly shaped by oil wealth - as well as the ideological, economic, military and social sources of power, embedded in the society through history at different levels, can be changed given the preferences and discourses of actors at local, regional, international and transnational levels in the globalization process

Keywords

Iraq, State-building, Nationalization, the Political Economy of Oil

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