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Dini Siyasete Karşı Laik Siyaset: Değişen Sistemde Rekabet Eden İdeolojiler

Year 2013, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 165 - 192, 15.07.2013

Abstract

Sayıları artan dini çatışmalar ve bunların doğurduğu ilgi öne sürülen gö-
rüşlerle gerçek dünyada gözlemlediklerimiz arasında bir bağlantı kurma
konusunda başarısız oldu. Bu çalışmaların büyük bölümündeki uyuşmazlık “dini çatışma”nın kavramsallaştırılmasından kaynaklanmaktadır.
Bu çalışmaların büyük çoğunluğu farklı din veya mezheplerden gruplar
arasındaki çatışmalara odaklanırken biz daha geniş bir yaklaşımın
benimsenmesi gerektiğini düşünüyoruz. Örnek seçimimizi dini veya
mezhepsel farklılıklar üzerinden yapmak yerine din konusu üzerinden
ortaya çıkan çatışmaların ele alınması daha yerinde olur. Ortadoğu’da
gözlemlediğimiz rejim değişikliklerinin ardından dini hareketlerin yükselişe
geçmesi toplumların dinin siyasetteki rolünü yeniden tanımlaması
ihtiyacını doğurmaktadır. Dünya üzerindeki dini çatışmaların büyük bö-
lümünün şiddet içermemesi dikkate alındığında yapılması gereken ilk
şey şiddet olasılığı ve düzeyini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi olmalıdır.
İki faktör önemli görünüyor: kurumların gücü ve din. Bu teorimizi
test edebilmek için Mübarek’in devrilmesi sonrasında temel çatışma
ekseni din olan Mısır’ı ele alacağız.

References

  • Armstrong, Karen, The Battle for God: Fundamentalism in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, (London: Harper Perennial, 2000).
  • Brown, L. Carl, Religion and State: The Muslim Approach to Politics, (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000).
  • Bruce, Steve, “Did Protestanism Create Democracy?”, Democratiza- tion, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2004, pp. 3-20.
  • Corm, Georges, 21. Yüzyılda Din Sorunu: Jeopolitik ve Postmodernit- enin Krizi, (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2006).
  • Flores, Alexander, “Secularism, Integralism and Political Islam: The Egyptian Debate,” in Political Islam: Essays from Middle East Re- port, (London: I.B Tauris, 1997).
  • Fox, Jonathan, “The Effects of Religion on Domestic Conflicts,” Ter- rorism and Political Violence, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1998, pp. 43-63.
  • Fox, Jonathan, “The Increasing Role of Religion in State Failure: to 2004,” Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2007, pp. 395-414.
  • Fuller, Martin, Political Stability and Religion: Fundamentalism in Perspective, (Wilton Park Paper 119, 1996).
  • Haynes, Jeff, Religion in Third World Politics, (Boulder: Lynne Ri- enner Publishers, 1994).
  • Ismail, Salwa, Rethinking Islamist Politics: Culture, The State and Islamism, (London: I.B Tauris, 2003).
  • Juergensmeyer, Mark, “The New Religious State”, Comparative Poli- tics, No. July, 1995, pp. 379-91.
  • Karam, Azza M, “Islamist Parties in the Arab World: Ambiguities, Contradictions, and Perseverance”, Democratization, Vol. 4, No. 4, , pp. 157-74. Norris, Pippa and Ronald Inglehart, Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ). Rosefsky, Wickham, Carrie, Mobilizing Islam: Religion, Activism, and Social Change in Egypt, (New York: Columbia University Press, ). Wald, Kenneth D., Religion and Politics in the United States, (Wash- ington, DC: CQ Press, 1992).

Religious versus Secular Politics: Competing Ideologies in a Changing System

Year 2013, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 165 - 192, 15.07.2013

Abstract

The increasing number of religious conflicts and the new focus that accompanied it mostly failed to establish a connection between their arguments and what we observe in the real world. In many of these studies the discrepancy was caused by the conceptualization of the term “religious conflict.” While many chose to focus solely on conflicts between groups from different religions or sects, we argue that a wider approach is needed. Instead of basing our case selection on religious or sectarian differences, one needs to look at conflicts that center around the issue of religion in general. The resurgence of religion movements following the recent regime changes in the Middle East requires societies to re-define the role of religion in politics. Since a large number of religious tensions present around the world does not turn violent, we believe one first needs to determine the factors influencing the likelihood and the level of violence in conflicts over the role of religion. Two factors appear to be important: institutional strength and belief system. In order to test this argument we turn our attention to Egypt where following the fall of Mubarak the main axis of conflict is over the role religion will play in the new political system

References

  • Armstrong, Karen, The Battle for God: Fundamentalism in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, (London: Harper Perennial, 2000).
  • Brown, L. Carl, Religion and State: The Muslim Approach to Politics, (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000).
  • Bruce, Steve, “Did Protestanism Create Democracy?”, Democratiza- tion, Vol. 11, No. 4, 2004, pp. 3-20.
  • Corm, Georges, 21. Yüzyılda Din Sorunu: Jeopolitik ve Postmodernit- enin Krizi, (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2006).
  • Flores, Alexander, “Secularism, Integralism and Political Islam: The Egyptian Debate,” in Political Islam: Essays from Middle East Re- port, (London: I.B Tauris, 1997).
  • Fox, Jonathan, “The Effects of Religion on Domestic Conflicts,” Ter- rorism and Political Violence, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1998, pp. 43-63.
  • Fox, Jonathan, “The Increasing Role of Religion in State Failure: to 2004,” Terrorism and Political Violence, Vol. 19, No. 3, 2007, pp. 395-414.
  • Fuller, Martin, Political Stability and Religion: Fundamentalism in Perspective, (Wilton Park Paper 119, 1996).
  • Haynes, Jeff, Religion in Third World Politics, (Boulder: Lynne Ri- enner Publishers, 1994).
  • Ismail, Salwa, Rethinking Islamist Politics: Culture, The State and Islamism, (London: I.B Tauris, 2003).
  • Juergensmeyer, Mark, “The New Religious State”, Comparative Poli- tics, No. July, 1995, pp. 379-91.
  • Karam, Azza M, “Islamist Parties in the Arab World: Ambiguities, Contradictions, and Perseverance”, Democratization, Vol. 4, No. 4, , pp. 157-74. Norris, Pippa and Ronald Inglehart, Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ). Rosefsky, Wickham, Carrie, Mobilizing Islam: Religion, Activism, and Social Change in Egypt, (New York: Columbia University Press, ). Wald, Kenneth D., Religion and Politics in the United States, (Wash- ington, DC: CQ Press, 1992).
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA34RN25VF
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kürşad Turan

Menderes Çınar This is me

Publication Date July 15, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

Chicago Turan, Kürşad, and Menderes Çınar. “Dini Siyasete Karşı Laik Siyaset: Değişen Sistemde Rekabet Eden İdeolojiler”. Ortadoğu Etütleri 4, no. 2 (July 2013): 165-92.

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