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11 Eylül Sonrası Suriye: Yeni Dünya Düzeninden Ayrılma

Year 2013, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 55 - 83, 15.07.2013

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Suriye’nin 11 Eylül sonrasındaki dış politikasını iki örnek
olayla analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Birincisi, Suriye’nin 2003 Irak Savaşı
esnasında izlediği dış politikadır. İkinci örnek olay çerçevesinde,
Suriye’nin Lübnan politikası ve 2005 yılında ülkeden zorunlu olarak
çekilmesi analiz edilmektedir. Örnek olaylarla, Suriye’nin Soğuk Savaş
sonrasında Batı’ya karşı izlediği işbirlikçi tutumu neden sürdüremediği
sorgulanmaktadır. Bu sorunun cevabı neoklasik realist dış politika modeli
test edilerek verilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Uluslararası sistem bir devletin
dış politika sınırlarını belirlese de, sisteme ilişkin baskıların devlet
tarafından nasıl algılandığının incelenmesi gerektiği savunulmaktadır. Bu çerçevede, çalışma, güç odaklı realist argümanları, iç siyasete iliş-
kin kaygılarla bütünleştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

References

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  • Hirst, David. Beware of Small States: Lebanon, the Battleground of the Middle East, (New York: Nation Books, 2010).
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  • New York City and the Pentagon in Washington’, http://www. september11news.com/InternationalReac tion.htm (Accessed on /11/2011).
  • Lieber Keir A. and Gerard Alexander, “Waiting for Balancing”, Inter- national Security, Vol.30, Issue 1, 2005, pp. 109-139.
  • Ma’oz, Moshe, “Washington and Damascus: Between Confrontation and Cooperation”, United States Institute of Peace, Special Report, August 2005. http://www.usip.org/publications/washington-and- damascus-between-confrontation-and-cooperation (Accessed on /11/2011).
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  • Rathbun, Brian, “A Rose by Any Other Name: Neoclassical Realism as the Logical and Necessary Extension of Structural Realism”, Se- curity Studies, 1998, Vol.17, pp.294-321. Reuters, November 18, 2002.
  • Rose, Gideon, “Review: Neoclassical Realism and Theories of For- eign Policy”, World Politics, Vol.51, October, 1998, pp.144-172.
  • Schifferes, Steve, “US says ‘coalition of willing’ grows,” BBC News, March 2003, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/ameri- cas/2870487.stm, (Accessed on 01/02/2012).
  • Schweller, Randall L., “The Progressiveness of Neoclassical Real- ism,” in Colin Elman and Miriam Fendius Elman (eds.), Progress in International Relations Theory: Appraising the Field (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003).
  • ___________, “Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In”, International Security, Vol.19, No.1, Summer 1994, pp.72-107.
  • Slavin, Barbra.“Syria’s support for Saddam draw US Wrath”, USA Today, April 15, 2003.
  • Syria Under Bashar (I): Foreign Policy Challenges ICG Middle East Report No. 23, Amman, Brussels, 11 February 2004, p. 14.
  • ‘Syrian President Al-Assad Interviewed by Al-Hayat’, MEMRI, Spe- cial Dispatch No. 589, October 15, 2003.
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  • Zisser, Eyal, Commanding Syria: Bashar Al-Asad and the First Years in Power, (London: IB Tauris, 2007).
  • ___________, “Syria and the War in Iraq”, Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 7, No. 2, June, 2003.
  • ___________, “Syria and the United States: Bad Habits Die Hard”, in Middle East Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 3, Summer, 2003.

Syria in the Post-September 11 Period: Detachment from the New World Order

Year 2013, Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 55 - 83, 15.07.2013

Abstract

This work aims to analyze Syria’s foreign policy responses in the aftermath of September 11 attacks through two case studies. First is the Syrian foreign policy during the US invasion of Iraq in 2003. In the second case study, Syria’s foreign policy in Lebanon and its forced withdrawal from the country in 2005 is analyzed. Through these case studies, it is questioned why Syria did not continue its cooperative attitude that it had displayed towards the West during the immediate after of the end of the Cold War. The answer to that question is given through testing neoclassical realist foreign policy model. It is argued that although the international system determines the boundaries of a state’s foreign policy, it is also necessary to analyze how systemic pressures are translated by states. In that sense, this work is aimed at reconciling realist power political arguments with domestic concerns

References

  • ‘An Interview with Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad’, La Repub- blica, February, 28, 2005.
  • ‘Bashar Al-Asad’s Interview to Al-Safir’, March 27, 2003. http://www. memri.org/report/en/print839.htm. (Accessed on 17/11/2011).
  • Cobban, Helena. “Waiting for War in Damascus”, Boston Review, (February-March, 2003).
  • Gambill, Garry C., “Syria’s Failure in Iraq”, Middle East Bulletin Vol. 5, No. 11, November, 2003.
  • ___________, “Is Syria Losing Control of Lebanon?”, Middle East Quarterly, Spring, 2001, pp.41–49.
  • Harris, William, “Bashar al-Assad’s Lebanon Gamble”, The Middle East Quarterly, Summer, 2005, pp.33-44.
  • Harrison, Ewan, The Post-Cold War International System: Strate- gies, Institutions and Reflexivity, (London and New York: Routledge, ). Hinnebusch, Raymond, “Syrian Foreign Policy under Bashar al- Asad”, Ortadoğu Etüdleri, Cilt 1, Sayı 1, Temmuz, 2009, pp.7-26.
  • ___________, “Defying the Hegemon: Syria and the Iraq War” paper given at the conference of the European Consortium on Political Research Conference, Budapest, September 2005.
  • ___________, “Syria after the Iraq War: between the neo-con offensive and internal reform”, Deutsches Orient-Institut (DOI)-Focus, Nr.14, March 2004.
  • ___________, “Globalization and Generational Change: Syrian For- eign Policy between Regional Conflict and European Partnership”, The Review of International Affairs, Vol.3, No.2, Winter, 2003, pp.190-208.
  • Hirst, David. Beware of Small States: Lebanon, the Battleground of the Middle East, (New York: Nation Books, 2010).
  • ‘International Reaction to the September 11, 2001 Attacks in
  • New York City and the Pentagon in Washington’, http://www. september11news.com/InternationalReac tion.htm (Accessed on /11/2011).
  • Lieber Keir A. and Gerard Alexander, “Waiting for Balancing”, Inter- national Security, Vol.30, Issue 1, 2005, pp. 109-139.
  • Ma’oz, Moshe, “Washington and Damascus: Between Confrontation and Cooperation”, United States Institute of Peace, Special Report, August 2005. http://www.usip.org/publications/washington-and- damascus-between-confrontation-and-cooperation (Accessed on /11/2011).
  • Paul, T.V, “Introduction” in James J. Wirtz and Michel Fortmann (eds), Balance of Power: Theory and Practice of the 21st Century (California: Stanford University Press, 2004).
  • Pipes, Daniel , “We Don’t Need Syria in Lebanon”, Middle East Quar- terly, (September, 2000).
  • Rabil, Robert G., Syria, the United States and the War on Terror in the Middle East, (Westport: Prager, 2006).
  • Rathbun, Brian, “A Rose by Any Other Name: Neoclassical Realism as the Logical and Necessary Extension of Structural Realism”, Se- curity Studies, 1998, Vol.17, pp.294-321. Reuters, November 18, 2002.
  • Rose, Gideon, “Review: Neoclassical Realism and Theories of For- eign Policy”, World Politics, Vol.51, October, 1998, pp.144-172.
  • Schifferes, Steve, “US says ‘coalition of willing’ grows,” BBC News, March 2003, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/ameri- cas/2870487.stm, (Accessed on 01/02/2012).
  • Schweller, Randall L., “The Progressiveness of Neoclassical Real- ism,” in Colin Elman and Miriam Fendius Elman (eds.), Progress in International Relations Theory: Appraising the Field (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003).
  • ___________, “Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In”, International Security, Vol.19, No.1, Summer 1994, pp.72-107.
  • Slavin, Barbra.“Syria’s support for Saddam draw US Wrath”, USA Today, April 15, 2003.
  • Syria Under Bashar (I): Foreign Policy Challenges ICG Middle East Report No. 23, Amman, Brussels, 11 February 2004, p. 14.
  • ‘Syrian President Al-Assad Interviewed by Al-Hayat’, MEMRI, Spe- cial Dispatch No. 589, October 15, 2003.
  • ‘Syrian President Bashar al-Asad’s speech at the Conference of Syr- ian Expatriates’, Damascus, October 8, 2004. MEMRI, Special Dis- patch No. 799, October 14, 2004.
  • The Times, December 13, 2002.
  • The Washington Post, March 6, 2005.
  • Walt, Stephen, “Can the United States Be Balanced?”, paper pre- pared for the annual meeting of the American Political Science As- sociation, Chicago, Illinois, September 2–5, 2004.
  • Wohlforth, William. The Elusive Balance, Power and Perceptions during the Cold War, (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1993).
  • Zisser, Eyal, Commanding Syria: Bashar Al-Asad and the First Years in Power, (London: IB Tauris, 2007).
  • ___________, “Syria and the War in Iraq”, Middle East Review of International Affairs, Vol. 7, No. 2, June, 2003.
  • ___________, “Syria and the United States: Bad Habits Die Hard”, in Middle East Quarterly, Vol. 10, No. 3, Summer, 2003.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Other ID JA34RG95GK
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Duygu Dersan Orhan This is me

Publication Date July 15, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 4 Issue: 2

Cite

Chicago Orhan, Duygu Dersan. “11 Eylül Sonrası Suriye: Yeni Dünya Düzeninden Ayrılma”. Ortadoğu Etütleri 4, no. 2 (July 2013): 55-83.

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