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İran ve “Arap Baharı”: Bağlam, Söylem ve Siyaset

Year 2012, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 95 - 118, 15.07.2016

Abstract

Bu makalenin amacı, Arap coğrafyası değişim rüzgârları ile sarsılırken, bölgenin en önemli güçlerinden İran’ın yaşanan bu değişim sürecini nasıl algıladığını ve gelişmeler karşısında nasıl bir siyaset izlediğini tahlil etmektir. Bu bağlamda çalışma özellikle İran’ın Mısır, Suriye ve Bahreyn’de meydana gelen değişimde izlediği söylem ve siyasete odaklanmıştır. İran bir yandan “Arap Baharı”nı bölgede kazandığı jeopolitik kazançları korumak ve arttırmak için yeni bir bağlam olarak değerlendirmekte ve özellikle ABD müttefiki ülkelerde meydana gelen değişimi bu ülkelerin İran İslam Devrimi’ni model aldığını iddia ederek desteklemektedir. Öte yandan, “Arap Baharı” İran için her zaman ideolojik ve siyasi kazanç vaat etmemektedir. Suriye’de dinmeyen çatışmalar Esad rejiminin varlığını tehdit ettiği kadar İran rejiminin bölgesel siyasetini ve nüfuzunu da derinden sarsacak gibi gözükmektedir. İran, Arap Baharı’nın taşıdığı özgürlük ve demokrasi taleplerinin, zor kullanarak bastırdığı Yeşil Hareket’i canlandırıp yeniden harekete geçirmesinden de kaygılıdır. Çalışma, İran’ın “Arap Baharı” algısı ve siyasetini belirleyen İran-ABD ilişkilerine de değinmiş, bölgede şekillenmekte olan siyasetin ilişkiler için yeni mücadele zeminleri yaratacağını ve bunun her iki tarafın da benimsediği sıfır-toplamlı oyun perspektifini güçlendireceğini tespit etmiştir

References

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  • “Leader: Bahrain uprising will be victorious”, Tehran Times, 2 Eylül 2011, http://tehrantimes.com/index.php/politics/2145-bahrains-uprisingwill-surely-reach-fruition-leader(Erişim tarihi 23 Kasım 2011).
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  • Murphy, Dan,“A stunning shift of Iran’s image in the Arab world”, The Christian Science Monitor, 7 Eylül 2011, http://www.csmonitor.com/ World/Backchannels/2011/0907/A-stunning-shift-of-Iran-s-image-inthe-Arab-world (Erişim tarihi 28 Ekim 2011).
  • Nikou, Semira N, “Iran Warns Gulf on Bahrain”, Tehran Bureau, 25 Mart 2011, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2011/03/iran-warns-gulf-on-bahrain.html#ixzz1ejDUpK13 (Erişim tarihi 25 Kasım 2011).
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Iran and the “Arab Spring”: Context, Discourse and Politics

Year 2012, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 95 - 118, 15.07.2016

Abstract

This article aims to scrutinize how Iran perceives and reacts to the sweeping change brought by the “Arab Spring” to the regional political landscape. In this regard, the research has focused particularly on Iran’s discourse and policies vis-à-vis change in Egypt, Syria and Bahrain. Iran considers the “Arab Spring” as a new regional context within which it aspires to preserve and improve its hitherto gained geopolitical assets; it especially welcomes change in the regional allies of the United States deeming its Islamic Revolution to be a source of inspiration and emulation for these countries. Yet, the Arab Spring does not always denote ideological and geopolitical gains for Iran; the situation in Syria poses a grave threat to its regional policies and influence as much as it threatens the existence of the Assad regime. Iran is also concerned with a re-awakening of its brutally suppressed domestic opposition, the Green Movement by the region-wide demands for freedom and democracy. As the region goes through a re-configuration of power and societies, the “Arab Spring” opens up new arenas of political contestation for Iran-US relations which will seemingly be incorporated into their zero-sum game perspective of politics and strengthen it further

References

  • Abdo, Geneive, “How Iran keeps Assad in power in Syria”, Inside Iran, 5 Eylül 2011, http://www.insideiran.org/news/how-iran-keeps-assad-inpower-in-syria/ (Erişim tarihi 23 Kasım 2011).
  • Alfoneh, Ali, “Middle Eastern Upheavals: Mixed Responses in Iran”, Middle East Quarterly, Yaz 2011, ss. 35-39.
  • “Ahmadinejad says Egyptian protests herald new Middle East”, The Washington Times, 11 Şubat 2011, http://www.washingtontimes.com/ news/2011/feb/11/ahmadinejad-says-egyptian-protests-herald-newmide/?page=all (Erişim tarihi 14 Ekim 2011).
  • “Ahmadinejad, Suriye’ye neden cephe aldı?” BBC Türkçe, http://www. ntvmsnbc.com/id/25248922/ (Erişim tarihi: 11 Eylül 2011). Ansari, Ali, Iran under Ahmadinejad: The Politics of Confrontation, Adelphi Papers 393, (London: Routledge, 2007).
  • ____________, “Iran: Domestic Discontent and Regional Ambition” içinde The Arab Spring: The Implications for British Policy, (UK: Conservative Middle East Council, Ekim 2011). http://cmec.org.uk/blog/irandomestic-discontent-and-regional-ambition/ (Erişim tarihi 24 Kasım 2011).
  • Ansari, Nazenin, “Iran’s green movement: life, death, re-birth,” Open Democracy, 16 Nisan 2011, http://www.opendemocracy.net/nazeninansari/irans-green-movement-life-death-rebirth , (Erişim tarihi 3 Haziran 2011).
  • Aryan, Hossein, “Basij militia units flex muscles in Tehran”, Payvand, 11 Ekim 2011. http://www.payvand.com/news/11/oct/1087.html (Erişim tarihi: 17 Ekim 2011).
  • Bayat, Asef, “Arab Revolts: Islamists aren’t coming!”, Insight Turkey, Cilt.13, No.2, 2011, ss- 9-14. Behravesh, Maysam, “Revolt in Syria: An alternative view from Iran: Outbreak of a popular revolution or massive foreign conspiracy?”, IRdiplomacy, 3 Ekim 2011. http://irdiplomacy.ir/en/news/93/bodyView/16724/Revolt.in.Syria:.An.alternative.view.from.Iran.html (Erişim tarihi: 4 Ekim 2011).
  • Borujerdi, Hossein, “Iran and the ‘Arab Spring’”, Tehran Bureau, 2 Haziran 2011, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2011/06/iran-and-the-arab-spring.html#ixzz1ah71BGAL (Erişim tarihi 13 Ekim 2011).
  • Chubin, Shahram, Iran’s Nuclear Ambitions, (Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2006).
  • Cordesman, Anthony, Barak Barfi, Bassam Haddad, Karim Mezran, “The Arab Uprisings and US Policy: What is the American National Interest?” Middle East Policy, Cilt. 13, No. 2, Yaz, 2011, ss. 1-28.
  • Cronin, Stephanie, Nur Masalha, “The Islamic Republic of Iran and the GCC States: Revolution to realpolitik?”, London School of Economic and Political Science Kuwait Programme on Development, Governance and Globalisation in the Gulf States, Ağustos 2011, sayı 17.
  • Fakho, Elham ve Emile Hokayem, “Waking the Arabs”, Survival, Cilt. 53, No.2, 2011, ss. 21-30. Farhi, Farideh, “Managing Arab Spring’s Fallout in Iran”, Council on Foreign Relations, 4 Nisan 2011, http://www.cfr.org/iran/managing-arabsprings-fallout-iran/p24617 (Erişim tarihi 16 Eylül 2011).
  • “Iran Warns Turkey to Butt Out of Syria”, 26 Haziran 2011, http://irdiplomacy.ir/en/news/52/bodyView/14882/Iran.Warns.Turkey.to.Butt.Out. of.Syria.html
  • Jahanbegloo, Ramin, “Libya’s Lessons for Syria and Iran”, New Perspectives Quarterly, Cilt. 28. No. 4, Güz 2011, ss. 1-2.
  • Javedanfar, Meir. “Khamenei won’t support Assad to the end”, Guardian, 13 Ağustos 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/ aug/13/khamenei-support-assad (Erişim tarihi 23 Kasım 2011).
  • “Khamenei hails ‘Islamic’ uprisings”, Al Jazeera, 4 Şubat 2011 http:// www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2011/02/201124101233510493. html (Erişim tarihi 23 Kasım 2011).
  • “Khamenei Praises Arab Revolts As Iran Crushes Its Own Protests,” Payvand, 21 Şubat 2011, http://www.payvand.com/news/11/feb/1202.html (Erişim tarihi 7 Ekim 2011).
  • Kiani, Mohammad Reza ve Maysam Behravesh, “The Syrian crisis: What is at stake for regional players?” Open Democracy, 10 Eylül 2011. http://www.opendemocracy.net/mohammad-reza-kiani-maysambehravesh/syrian-crisis-what-is-at-stake-for-regional-players (Erişim tarihi: 14 Ekim 2011).
  • “Laricani: Meclis İran’a karşı yeni yaptırımları yanıtsız bırakmayacak”, IRNA, 23 Kasım 2011, http://www2.irna.ir/tr/news/view/line-6/1111230408115748.htm (Erişim tarihi 1 Aralık 2011).
  • “Leader: Bahrain uprising will be victorious”, Tehran Times, 2 Eylül 2011, http://tehrantimes.com/index.php/politics/2145-bahrains-uprisingwill-surely-reach-fruition-leader(Erişim tarihi 23 Kasım 2011).
  • Maloney, Suzanne, “Iran will benefit from the Arab Spring”, 23 Şubat 2011, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/090f291a-3f92-11e0-a1ba-0144feabdc 0.html#axzz1Y9Yv5BmO (Erişim tarihi 16 Eylül 2011).
  • _____________,, Iran’s Long Reach: Iran as a Pivotal State in the Muslim World, (Washington DC: United States Institute of Peace Process, 2008). Matar, Hosam Mohammad, “America’s Biggest Concern in the Arab Spring: Iran”, 25 Eylül 2011, http://english.dohainstitute.org/Home/Details?entityID=5ea4b31b-155d-4a9f-8f4da5b428135cd5&resourceId=794594d0-5b99-421e-9ab2-8555eb8d6308 (Erişim tarihi: 14 Ekim 2011).
  • Moslem, Mehdi, Factional Politics in Post-Khomeini Iran, (Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press, 2002).
  • Murphy, Dan,“A stunning shift of Iran’s image in the Arab world”, The Christian Science Monitor, 7 Eylül 2011, http://www.csmonitor.com/ World/Backchannels/2011/0907/A-stunning-shift-of-Iran-s-image-inthe-Arab-world (Erişim tarihi 28 Ekim 2011).
  • Nikou, Semira N, “Iran Warns Gulf on Bahrain”, Tehran Bureau, 25 Mart 2011, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2011/03/iran-warns-gulf-on-bahrain.html#ixzz1ejDUpK13 (Erişim tarihi 25 Kasım 2011).
  • “US embassy cables: Bahrain’s relations with Iran”, Guardian, 15 Şubat 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/us-embassy-cables-document s/164906
  • “Panetta warns against Iran strike”, Guardian, 11 Kasım 2011, http:// www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/nov/11/leon-panetta-warns-iranstrike
  • Pomeroy, Robin, “Analysis: Iran sees ally Syria surrounded by US., Arab wolves”, Reuters, 15 Ağustos 2011, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/15/us-syria-iran-idUSTRE77E1E320110815 (Erişim tarihi 1 Aralık 2011).
  • “Popular Protests in North Africa and the Middle East (III): Bahrain”, International Crisis Group MENA Report, No: 105, 6 Nisan 2011, http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/regions/middle-east-north-africa/ iraq-iran-gulf/bahrain/105-popular-protests-in-north-africa-and-themiddle-east-iii-the-bahrain-revolt.aspx (Erişim tarihi: 24 Kasım 2011).
  • Postel, Danny, “Counter-revolution and Revolt in Iran: An Interview with Iranian Political Scientist Hossein Bashiriyeh”, Constellations, Cilt. 17, No.1, 2010, ss. 61-77.
  • Roberts, David, “Blame Iran: a dangerous response to the Bahraini uprising”, Guardian, 20 Ağustos 2011, http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/aug/20/bahraini-uprising-iran (Erişim tarihi 22 Kasım 2011).
  • Rogers, Paul, “America and Iraq-Iran: a new balance”, Open Democracy, 10 Haziran 2011, http://www.opendemocracy.net/paul-rogers/americaand-iraq-iran-new-balance (Erişim tarihi: 14 Ekim 2011).
  • Rostami-Povey, Elaleh, Iran’s Influence: A Religious-political State and Society in Its Region, (London, New York: Zed Books, 2010).
  • Springborg, Robert, “Whither Arab Spring? 1989 or 1848?”, The International Spectator, Cilt. 46, No.3, 2011, ss. 5-12.
  • Winegard, Ben, “Understanding Bahrain: How Bahrain shines a light on imperial policies”, ZNet, 11 Mart 2011.
  • Yaphe, Judith S., “The United States and Iran in Iraq: Risks and Opportunities”, içinde Anoushiravan Ehteshami ve Mahjoob Zweiri (eds), Iran’s Foreign Policy from Khatami to Ahmadinejad, (UK: Ithaca, 2008).
  • Zibakalam, Sadegh, “Syria spoils the Iranian victory”, Bitter-lemons, 27 Ekim 2011, http://www.bitterlemons-international.org/inside. php?id=1447# (Erişim tarihi 28 Ekim 2011).
There are 38 citations in total.

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Other ID JA34NV34EH
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gülriz Şen This is me

Publication Date July 15, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 3 Issue: 2

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Chicago Şen, Gülriz. “İran Ve ‘Arap Baharı’: Bağlam, Söylem Ve Siyaset”. Ortadoğu Etütleri 3, no. 2 (July 2016): 95-118.

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