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The Institutionalization of Islam in Europe and the Diyanet: The Case of Austria

Year 2013, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 167 - 182, 01.07.2013

Abstract

The management of religious diversity has become one of the most significant issues facing European societies in the last few decades. The increasing use of religion as an instrument of immigration policies in Europe since the late 1980s has led to various trajectories of institutionalization of Islam in European countries. In an increasing number of cases, institutionalization of Islam entails, among other things, the establishment of Muslim representative institutions. On the other hand, as it has transformed itself, since the early 1980s, from a domestic instrument of control over religion to an external instrument to consolidate national unity among indigenous or immigrant Turkish communities beyond its borders, the organizations linked to the Turkish Directorate of Religious Affairs the Diyanet has become an important actor in various Muslim representative institutions in Europe. This article examines the case of the institutionalization of Islam in Austria with a particular focus on the role of the Diyanet in the Islamische Glaubensgemeinschaft in ÖsterreichIGGiÖ Islamic Religious Community in Austria . An analysis of the Diyanet’s role in and its perception of the institutionalization of Islam in Austria demonstrates both the advantages and difficulties that the Diyanet faces in promoting ‘Turkish Islam’ in Europe

References

  • Bader, Veit, (ed.) “Governing Islam in Western Europe: Essays on the Governance of Religious Diversity”, Special issue, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol.33, No.6, 2007, pp.871-1016.
  • Bein, Amit, Ottoman Ulema Turkish Republic: Agents of Change and Guardians of Tradition (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2011).
  • Çitak, Zana, “Between ‘Turkish Islam’ and ‘French Islam’: The Role of the Diyanet in the Conseil Français du Culte Musulman”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol.36, No.4, April 2010, pp. 619-634.
  • Çitak, Zana, “Religion, Etnicity and Transnationalism: Turkish Islam in Belgium”, Journal of Church and State, Vol.53, No.2, 2011, pp. 222-242.
  • ________, “D’acteur national à transnational: La Diyanet en Europe” Cahiers de l’Obtic, No.2, December 2012, pp.9-14. www. obtic.org.
  • Ferrari, Silvio, “The Secularity of the State and the Shaping of Muslim Representative Organizations” in Jocelyne Césari and Sean McLoughlin (eds.), European Muslims and the Secular State, (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), pp. 11-23.
  • Gresch, Nora et al., “Tu Felix Austria? The Headscarf and the Politics of ‘Non-issues’”, Social Politics, Vol.15, No.4, 2008, pp. 411-432.
  • Gözaydın, İştar, Diyanet: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde Dinin Tanzimi (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2009).
  • Gözaydın, İştar B., “Diyanet and Politics”, The Muslim World, Vol.98, No.2-3, 2008.
  • Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck and Tyler Golson, “Overhauling Islam: Representation, Construction, and Cooption of ‘Moderate Islam’ in Western Europe”, Journal of Church and State, Vol. 49, Summer 2007, 487–515.
  • Heine, S., “Islam in Austria: Between Integration Politics and Persisting Prejudices” in Shadid, W.A.R. and van Koningsweld, P.S. (eds), Intercultural Relations and Religious Authorities: Muslims in the European Union, (Leuven: Peeters, 2002), pp. 27-48.
  • Holzleithner, E. and Strasser, S., “Troublesome Issues: Current Debates on Tensions between Gender Equality and Cultural Diversity in Austria”, Working paper node cmc, 2006.
  • Kara, İsmail, Cumhuriyet Türkiyesi’nde Bir Mesele Olarak İslam, (İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları, 2008).
  • Kroissenbrunner, Sabine, “Islam and Muslim Immigrants in Austria: Socio-Political Networks and Muslim Leadership of Turkish Immigrants”, Immigrants and Minorities, Vol. 22, No. 2&3, 2003, pp. 188-207.
  • _____ ‘Muslims and the Islamic Community in Austria’ in 180 Degrees East and West. Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
  • Landman, Nicole, “Sustaining Turkish-Islamic Loyalties: The Diyanet in Western Europe”, in Poulton, H.and Taji-Farouki, S. (eds), Muslim Identity and the Balkan State, (London: Hurst & Company, 1997), pp. 214-231.
  • Maréchal, Brigitte,“Mosques, Organizations and Leadership” in Brigitte Maréchal, Stefano Allievi, Felice Dassetto and Jorgen Nielsen (eds.), Muslims in Enlarged Europe, (Leiden: Brill, 2003), pp.151-82
  • Permoser, Julia Mourão, Sieglinde Rosenberger and Kristina Stoeckl, “Religious Organizations as Political Actors in the Context of Migration: Islam and Orthodoxy in Austria”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol.36, No.9, November 2010, pp.1463-1481.
  • Permoser, Julia Mourão and Sieglinde Rosenberger, “Religious Citizenship versus Policies of Immigrant Integration: The Case of Austria” in Paul Bramadat and Matthias Koenig (eds.), International Migration and the Governance of Religious Diversity, (Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2009), pp. 259-289.
  • Schmidinger, Thomas, “Austria” in Samim Akgönül et al., (eds.), Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Vol 4 (Leiden and Boston: E.J.Brill, 2012), pp. 27-40.
  • Wieshaider, W., “The Legal Status of the Muslim Minority in Austria” in Aluffi, R. and Zincone, G. (eds.), The Legal Treatment of Islamic Minorities in Europe, (Leuven: Peeters, 2004) , pp. 31-37.

Avrupa’da İslam’ın Kurumsallaşması ve Diyanet: Avusturya Örneği

Year 2013, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 167 - 182, 01.07.2013

Abstract

Dini çeşitliliğin yönetişimi meselesi son birkaç on yıldır Avrupa toplumlarının en önemli gündem maddelerinden biri olmuştur. Avrupa ülkelerinde 1980’lerden beri dinin göç politikalarında gittikçe artan bir şekilde bir siyaset aracı olarak kullanılması İslam’ın farklı kurumsallaşma biçimlerine yol açmıştır. Kurumsallaşma pek çok durumda aynı zamanda ve artarak Müslüman temsil kuruluşları kurulması anlamına gelmektedir. Öte yandan, içerde kullanılan bir kontrol aracı olmanın yanısıra Türkiye’nin sınırları ötesinde, özellikle Türkiye kökenli göçmen toplumlarındaki milli birliği güçlendirmeyi amaçlayan bir dış kontrol aracı haline de gelen Diyanet, kendisine bağlı kuruluşlar aracılığı ile Avrupa’daki Müslüman kuruluşlarında önemli bir aktör oldu. Bu makale, Avusturya’da İslam’ın kurumsallaşmasını, özellikle de İslamische Glaubensgemeinschaft-IGGiÖ’de Avusturya İslam Dini Toplumu Diyanet’in rolünü incelemektedir. Diyanet’in Avusturya’da İslam’ın kurumsallaşmasındaki rolü ve bu sürece bakışı Diyanet’in Avrupa’da ‘Türk İslamı’nın sponsorluğunu yaparken sahip olduğu avantajları ve aynı zamanda karşılaştığı zorlukları örneklemesi açısından önemlidir

References

  • Bader, Veit, (ed.) “Governing Islam in Western Europe: Essays on the Governance of Religious Diversity”, Special issue, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol.33, No.6, 2007, pp.871-1016.
  • Bein, Amit, Ottoman Ulema Turkish Republic: Agents of Change and Guardians of Tradition (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2011).
  • Çitak, Zana, “Between ‘Turkish Islam’ and ‘French Islam’: The Role of the Diyanet in the Conseil Français du Culte Musulman”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol.36, No.4, April 2010, pp. 619-634.
  • Çitak, Zana, “Religion, Etnicity and Transnationalism: Turkish Islam in Belgium”, Journal of Church and State, Vol.53, No.2, 2011, pp. 222-242.
  • ________, “D’acteur national à transnational: La Diyanet en Europe” Cahiers de l’Obtic, No.2, December 2012, pp.9-14. www. obtic.org.
  • Ferrari, Silvio, “The Secularity of the State and the Shaping of Muslim Representative Organizations” in Jocelyne Césari and Sean McLoughlin (eds.), European Muslims and the Secular State, (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), pp. 11-23.
  • Gresch, Nora et al., “Tu Felix Austria? The Headscarf and the Politics of ‘Non-issues’”, Social Politics, Vol.15, No.4, 2008, pp. 411-432.
  • Gözaydın, İştar, Diyanet: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nde Dinin Tanzimi (İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2009).
  • Gözaydın, İştar B., “Diyanet and Politics”, The Muslim World, Vol.98, No.2-3, 2008.
  • Haddad, Yvonne Yazbeck and Tyler Golson, “Overhauling Islam: Representation, Construction, and Cooption of ‘Moderate Islam’ in Western Europe”, Journal of Church and State, Vol. 49, Summer 2007, 487–515.
  • Heine, S., “Islam in Austria: Between Integration Politics and Persisting Prejudices” in Shadid, W.A.R. and van Koningsweld, P.S. (eds), Intercultural Relations and Religious Authorities: Muslims in the European Union, (Leuven: Peeters, 2002), pp. 27-48.
  • Holzleithner, E. and Strasser, S., “Troublesome Issues: Current Debates on Tensions between Gender Equality and Cultural Diversity in Austria”, Working paper node cmc, 2006.
  • Kara, İsmail, Cumhuriyet Türkiyesi’nde Bir Mesele Olarak İslam, (İstanbul: Dergâh Yayınları, 2008).
  • Kroissenbrunner, Sabine, “Islam and Muslim Immigrants in Austria: Socio-Political Networks and Muslim Leadership of Turkish Immigrants”, Immigrants and Minorities, Vol. 22, No. 2&3, 2003, pp. 188-207.
  • _____ ‘Muslims and the Islamic Community in Austria’ in 180 Degrees East and West. Federal Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
  • Landman, Nicole, “Sustaining Turkish-Islamic Loyalties: The Diyanet in Western Europe”, in Poulton, H.and Taji-Farouki, S. (eds), Muslim Identity and the Balkan State, (London: Hurst & Company, 1997), pp. 214-231.
  • Maréchal, Brigitte,“Mosques, Organizations and Leadership” in Brigitte Maréchal, Stefano Allievi, Felice Dassetto and Jorgen Nielsen (eds.), Muslims in Enlarged Europe, (Leiden: Brill, 2003), pp.151-82
  • Permoser, Julia Mourão, Sieglinde Rosenberger and Kristina Stoeckl, “Religious Organizations as Political Actors in the Context of Migration: Islam and Orthodoxy in Austria”, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol.36, No.9, November 2010, pp.1463-1481.
  • Permoser, Julia Mourão and Sieglinde Rosenberger, “Religious Citizenship versus Policies of Immigrant Integration: The Case of Austria” in Paul Bramadat and Matthias Koenig (eds.), International Migration and the Governance of Religious Diversity, (Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2009), pp. 259-289.
  • Schmidinger, Thomas, “Austria” in Samim Akgönül et al., (eds.), Yearbook of Muslims in Europe, Vol 4 (Leiden and Boston: E.J.Brill, 2012), pp. 27-40.
  • Wieshaider, W., “The Legal Status of the Muslim Minority in Austria” in Aluffi, R. and Zincone, G. (eds.), The Legal Treatment of Islamic Minorities in Europe, (Leuven: Peeters, 2004) , pp. 31-37.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Zana Çitak This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

Chicago Çitak, Zana. “Avrupa’da İslam’ın Kurumsallaşması Ve Diyanet: Avusturya Örneği”. Ortadoğu Etütleri 5, no. 1 (July 2013): 167-82.

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