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HIZBALLAH’S RESILIENCE DURING THE ARAB UPRISINGS

Year 2015, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 28 - 52, 01.01.2015

Abstract

Hizballah The Party of God , better known as the Islamic Resistance in Lebanon, is infamous for its ‘terrorist’ global reach and militant face. In the 1980s and early 1990s, Hizballah abducted Westerners in Lebanon and fought the Israeli Army until Israel withdrew its forces in 2000. In this Arab Spring/Uprisings, Hizballah is fighting alongside the Syrian regime and lending logistical support to the Iraqi and Yemeni Shi’ite armed militias. Hizballah seems to shift within the parameters of pan-Islamism and pan-Arabism, while maintaining its Lebanese national identity at the center. Notwithstanding, Hizballah moves between militancy and integration, the former exemplifies its hawkish policy during the Arab Uprisings, while the latter illustrates its dovish domestic face of being an integral part of the Lebanese state, from which it derives its legitimacy. This shift fueled Sunni-Shi’a divide or discord fitna , threatening a serious spillover of the Syrian civil war into Lebanon after ISIL and Nusra battled Hizballah and the Lebanese Army on Lebanese soil

References

  • Alagha, Joseph, Hizballah’s DNA and the Arab Spring, (New Delhi: University of Calcutta Press, & Knowledge World Publishers, 2013).
  • Hizballah’s Identity Construction, (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2011).
  • Hizballah’s Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto, (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2011).
  • The Shifts in Hizballah’s Ideology (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2006).
  • Bayat, Asef, Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn, (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007).
  • “Islamism and Social Movement Theory,” Third World Quarterly Vol. 26, No. 6 2005, 891–908.
  • Byers, Ann, Lebanon’s Hezbollah (Inside the World’s Most Infamous Terrorist Organizations), (London: Rosen Publishing Group, 2003).
  • Bourdieu, Pierre, « Genèse et structure du champ religieux », Revue française de sociologie, Vol. 12, 1971, 295-334.
  • The Field of Cultural Production, (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1993).
  • Fowler, Brigit, “Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theory of culture” Variant 2, Summer 1999.
  • Hinnebusch Raymond and Anoushiravan Ehteshami (eds.), The Foreign Policy of Middle East States, (Boulder, Co.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002).
  • ‘Izzeddine, Hasan, “How Is Hizballah Looked Upon and How Does It Introduce Itself?”, Al-Safir, November 12, 2001.
  • Kane, Ousmane, Muslim Modernity in Postcolonial Nigeria: A Study of the Society for the Removal of Innovation and Reinstatement of Tradition, (Leiden: Brill, 2003).
  • Karmon,Ely, Fight on all Fronts: Hizballah, the War on Terror, and the War on Iraq, Policy Focus, no. 46,. (Washington, DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, December 2003)
  • Al-Kurani, ‘Ali, Tariqat Hizballah fi Al-’Amal Al-Islami /Hizballah’s Method of Islamic Mobilization, (Tehran, Maktab Al-I’lam Al-Islami: Al-Mu’assa Al-’Alamiyya, 1985).
  • Al-Madini, Tawfiq, Amal wa Hizballah fi Halabat al-Mujabahat al-Mahaliyya wa al-Iqlimiyya /Amal and Hizballah in the Arena of Domestic and Regional Struggles, (Damascus: Al-Ahli, 1999).
  • Qasim, Na’im, Hizballah: Al-Manhaj, Al-Tajriba, Al-Mustaqbal /Hizballah: The curriculum, the experience, the future, 7th rev. and updated ed. (Beirut: Dar Al-Mahajja Al-Bayda’, 2010).
  • Salman,Talal, Sira Dhatiyya li Haraka Muqawina ‘Arabiyya Muntasira: Hizballah [An Autobiography of a Victorious Arab Resistance Movement: Hizballah], (Beirut: Al-Safir, June 2000)
  • Sharara, Waddah, Dawlat Hizballah: Lubnan Mujtama’an Islamiyyan /The State of Hizballah: Lebanon as an Islamic Society, Fourth edition. (Beirut: Al-Nahar, 2006).
  • Shay, Shaul, The Axis of Evil: Iran, Hizballah, and the Palestinian Terror, (London: Transaction Publishers, 2005)
  • Z’aytir, Muhammad, Al-Mashru’ Al-Maruni fi Lubnan: Juzuruhu wa Tatawwuratuhu /The Maronite Project in Lebanon: Roots and Development, (Beirut: Al-Wikala Al-’Alamiyya lil-Tawzi’, 1986).

ARAP İSYANLARI SIRASINDA HİZBULLAH’IN DİRENCİ

Year 2015, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 28 - 52, 01.01.2015

Abstract

Daha çok Lübnan İslami Direniş olarak bilinen Hizbullah Allah’ın Partisi ‘terörist’ küresel erimi ve militan yüzü ile kötü bir üne sahiptir. 1980’lerde ve 1990’ların başında Hizbullah Lübnan’da Batılıları kaçırmış ve 2000’li yıllarda askeri güçleri geri çekilinceye İsrail ordusu ile savaşmıştır. Arap Baharı/İsyanlarında, Hizbullah Suriye rejimin yanında savaşmış ve Iraklı ve Yemeli Şii askeri milislere logistik destek sağlamıştır. Hizbullah pan-Arapçılık ve pan-İslamcılık parametreleri çerçevesinde bir kayma yaşarken, sahip olduğu Lübnan ulusal kimliğini merkezde tutmaya devam etmektedir. Buna rağmen, Hizbullah militanlık ve entegrasyon arasında hareket etmektedir; ilki Hizbullah’ın Arap İsyanları sırasındaki şahin politikasını temsil etmekteyken, ikincisi meşruiyet devşirdiği Lübnan’ın ayrılmaz bir parçası olmasına dayalı güvercin yüzünü göstermektedir. Bu kayma Sünni-Şii ayrışmasını yada nifakını fitne beslemekte, Lübnan topraklarında Hizbullah ve Lübnan ordusunun IŞİD ve Nusra Cephesi ile savaşmasının ardından ciddi bir şekilde Suriye iç savaşının Lübnan’a taşması tehdidini ortaya çıkarmaktadır

References

  • Alagha, Joseph, Hizballah’s DNA and the Arab Spring, (New Delhi: University of Calcutta Press, & Knowledge World Publishers, 2013).
  • Hizballah’s Identity Construction, (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2011).
  • Hizballah’s Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto, (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2011).
  • The Shifts in Hizballah’s Ideology (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2006).
  • Bayat, Asef, Making Islam Democratic: Social Movements and the Post-Islamist Turn, (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007).
  • “Islamism and Social Movement Theory,” Third World Quarterly Vol. 26, No. 6 2005, 891–908.
  • Byers, Ann, Lebanon’s Hezbollah (Inside the World’s Most Infamous Terrorist Organizations), (London: Rosen Publishing Group, 2003).
  • Bourdieu, Pierre, « Genèse et structure du champ religieux », Revue française de sociologie, Vol. 12, 1971, 295-334.
  • The Field of Cultural Production, (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1993).
  • Fowler, Brigit, “Pierre Bourdieu’s sociological theory of culture” Variant 2, Summer 1999.
  • Hinnebusch Raymond and Anoushiravan Ehteshami (eds.), The Foreign Policy of Middle East States, (Boulder, Co.: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002).
  • ‘Izzeddine, Hasan, “How Is Hizballah Looked Upon and How Does It Introduce Itself?”, Al-Safir, November 12, 2001.
  • Kane, Ousmane, Muslim Modernity in Postcolonial Nigeria: A Study of the Society for the Removal of Innovation and Reinstatement of Tradition, (Leiden: Brill, 2003).
  • Karmon,Ely, Fight on all Fronts: Hizballah, the War on Terror, and the War on Iraq, Policy Focus, no. 46,. (Washington, DC: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, December 2003)
  • Al-Kurani, ‘Ali, Tariqat Hizballah fi Al-’Amal Al-Islami /Hizballah’s Method of Islamic Mobilization, (Tehran, Maktab Al-I’lam Al-Islami: Al-Mu’assa Al-’Alamiyya, 1985).
  • Al-Madini, Tawfiq, Amal wa Hizballah fi Halabat al-Mujabahat al-Mahaliyya wa al-Iqlimiyya /Amal and Hizballah in the Arena of Domestic and Regional Struggles, (Damascus: Al-Ahli, 1999).
  • Qasim, Na’im, Hizballah: Al-Manhaj, Al-Tajriba, Al-Mustaqbal /Hizballah: The curriculum, the experience, the future, 7th rev. and updated ed. (Beirut: Dar Al-Mahajja Al-Bayda’, 2010).
  • Salman,Talal, Sira Dhatiyya li Haraka Muqawina ‘Arabiyya Muntasira: Hizballah [An Autobiography of a Victorious Arab Resistance Movement: Hizballah], (Beirut: Al-Safir, June 2000)
  • Sharara, Waddah, Dawlat Hizballah: Lubnan Mujtama’an Islamiyyan /The State of Hizballah: Lebanon as an Islamic Society, Fourth edition. (Beirut: Al-Nahar, 2006).
  • Shay, Shaul, The Axis of Evil: Iran, Hizballah, and the Palestinian Terror, (London: Transaction Publishers, 2005)
  • Z’aytir, Muhammad, Al-Mashru’ Al-Maruni fi Lubnan: Juzuruhu wa Tatawwuratuhu /The Maronite Project in Lebanon: Roots and Development, (Beirut: Al-Wikala Al-’Alamiyya lil-Tawzi’, 1986).
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Joseph Alagha This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2015 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

Chicago Alagha, Joseph. “ARAP İSYANLARI SIRASINDA HİZBULLAH’IN DİRENCİ”. Ortadoğu Etütleri 6, no. 2 (January 2015): 28-52.

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