QUO VADIS JIHADISM? RECONSTRUCTION OF THE JIHADIST DISCOURSE IN THE MIDDLE EAST

Year 2015, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 58 - 81, 01.07.2015

Hacer Coşkun Ayşe Ömür

Abstract

Middle Eastern politics is occupied by jihadist discourse because of its motivating role in military campaigns. Jihad is a Qur’anic term which means that its definition is fixed within the sacred book and, according to Islamic rules, is not subject to re-interpretation. Despite its clear meaning within the Qur’an, political actors have appropriated it according to various political conditions. In contrast to the classical understanding of jihad, contemporary radical Islamic movements have used jihadist discourse in an effort to destroy the current international system, erase state borders among Muslim societies and reconstruct sharia rules. The discursive transformation from jihad to jihadism reflects how Islam has been manipulated as a political device in the Middle East. This article examines the varying meanings of jihad across time and space within their historical contexts. It is argued that jihad has performed numerous functions through history: as a state policy, a doctrinal tool, and an instrument with which dozens of wars, invasions, conquests, and resistances have been waged

Keywords

Jihad, Jihadism, Constructivism, Discourse Construction, Political Islam.

CİHATÇILIK NEREYE? ORTADOĞU’DA CİHATÇI SÖYLEMİN YENİDEN İNŞASI

Abstract

Ortadoğu siyaseti, askeri faaliyetlerdeki motive edici rolünden dolayı, cihat söylemi ile iştigal edilmiştir. Cihat Kur’ani bir kavramdır, bu da kutsal kitapta tanımı yapılan terimin İslami kurallara göre yeniden yorumlanmaya mevzu bahis olmaması anlamına gelmektedir. Kur’an’daki açık anlamına rağmen siyasi aktörler terimi farklı politik koşullara göre uyarlamaktadırlar. Klasik cihat anlayışından farklı olarak, günümüz radikal İslami hareketler cihatçı söylemi var olan uluslararası sistemi yıkmak, Müslüman toplumlar arasındaki sınırları yok etmek ve şeriat kurallarını yeniden kurmak amacıyla kullanmaktadırlar. Cihat’tan cihatçılığa doğru gelişen söylemsel dönüşüm ise Ortadoğu’da İslam’ın siyasi bir araç olarak nasıl manipüle edildiğini göstermektedir. Çalışma, zaman ve mekanın tarihsel bağlamları içerisinde cihadın farklı anlamlarını incelemektedir. Çalışmada cihat kavramının tarih boyunca bir devlet politikası, bir doktrin aracı ve onlarca savaş, işgal, fetih ve direnişe sebep olan bir enstrüman olmak üzere çok çeşitli biçimlerde kullanıldığını ileri sürülmektedir

Keywords

Cihat, Cihatçılık, İnşacılık, Söylem İnşası, Siyasi İslam

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