الزعماء والسياسة الخارجية المصرية:العوامل الفردية في عهدي عبد الناصر ومرسي

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 369 - 389, 15.11.2020

Ahmed Hayri Duman

https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.763640

Cited By: 3

Abstract

شهدت مصر ثورتين سياسيتين في العامين 1952 و2011. بعد الثورة الأولى، جاء عبد الناصر إلى السلطة بدلًا من الإدارة الملكية في مصر، بينما بعد الثانية، جاء مرسي إلى الحكم بدلًا من نظام مبارك الذي استمر 30 عامًا. وبالنظر إلى السياسة الخارجية التي تتمحور حول الزعيم في البلدان الاستبدادية/ النامية، كان من المتوقع أن يقوم كلا من الزعيمين اللذين لهما أجندات مختلفة بتغيير السياسة الخارجية الموجودة في مصر بشكل كبير. وفي الوقت الذي حقق فيه عبد الناصر التوقعات المنتظرة، فشل مرسي في إجراء تغييرات جذرية في السياسة الخارجية المصرية. هذه الدراسة تهدف أولًا إلى عرض العوامل على المستوى الفردي التي تؤثر في نفوذ وتأثير الزعماء في السياسة الخارجية، ثم توضيح كيف جعلت هذه العوامل تأثيرات عبد الناصر ومرسي تختلف في السياسة الخارجية المصرية.

Keywords

مصر, عبد الناصر, مرسي, السياسة الخارجية, مستوى التحليل الفردي

Leaders and Egyptian Foreign Policy: Individual Factors During Nasser and Morsi Periods

Abstract

Egypt has witnessed two political revolutions in 1952 and 2011. Following the revolutions, while Nasser came to power after the overthrow of the Egyptian monarchy, Morsi took the lead after the fall of Mubarak’s 30-year rule in Egypt. Given leader-centric foreign policies in authoritarian/developing countries, both leaders with divergent agendas were expected to change Egypt’s existing foreign policy to a great extent. Nasser satisfied this expectation, whereas Morsi failed to make radical foreign policy changes in Egypt. This study aims firstly to present individual-level factors that play substantial roles in whether leaders become effective and influential in foreign policy and then tries to show how these factors paved the way for the difference between the impacts of Nasser and Morsi on Egypt’s foreign policy.

Keywords

Egypt, Nasser, Morsi, Foreign Policy, Individual Level of Analysis

Liderler ve Mısır Dış Politikası: Nasır ve Mursi Dönemlerinde Bireysel Etkenler

Abstract

Mısır, 1952’de ve 2011’de olmak üzere iki siyasi devrime şahitlik etmiştir. Devrimleri takiben, Nasır, Mısır’daki monarşi yönetimin, Mursi ise 30 yıllık Mübarek rejiminin yerine iktidara gelmiştir. Otoriter/gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki lider merkezli dış politika göz önünde tutulduğunda, farklı gündemlere sahip iki liderin de Mısır’ın mevcut dış politikasını büyük oranda değiştirmesi beklenmiştir. Nasır beklentileri karşılasa da, Mursi Mısır dış politikasında köklü değişiklikler yapma noktasında başarısız olmuştur. Bu çalışma ilk olarak liderlerin dış siyasetteki etkisini ve nüfuzunu etkileyen bireysel, seviyedeki etkenleri sunmayı, ardından bu etkenlerin Nasır ve Mursi’nin Mısır dış politikasına olan etkilerini nasıl farklılaştırdığını açıklamayı hedeflemektedir.

Keywords

Mısır, Nasır, Mursi, Dış Politika, Bireysel Analiz Düzeyi

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