Deniz İpek Yolu: Umman’ın Dış Politikası İçin Sonuçları

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 4, 465 - 492, 06.05.2022

Gökhan Tekir

https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1061525

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 2013 yılında Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti Başkanı Xi Jinping tarafından duyurulan Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’nin deniz ayağı olan Deniz İpek Yolu’na Umman’ın katılımının sonuçlarını analiz etme amacındadır. Sultan Kabus Umman’ı izole ve geri kalmış bir ülkeden aktif bir arabulucu ülkeye dönüştürmüştür. Umman’ın tarafsızlığı ve her politik aktörle olan diplomatik teması Umman’ı diğer Körfez ülkelerinden ayıran özellikleridir. Coğrafi olarak, Umman, Basra Körfezi, Arap Denizi ve Hint Okyanusu’nun kesişim noktasındadır. Tarihsel olarak, Umman, Güney Asya ve Doğu Afrika’nın kıyı kesimini yönetmiş ve etkisini yaymıştır. Coğrafi pozisyon ve tarihsel miras Umman’ı Deniz İpek Yolu’nun anahtar ülkesi yapmıştır. Böylece, Umman’ın Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi’ne katılması Çinli politika yapıcıların gözünde paha biçilmezdir. Umman’ın ekonomisini çeşitlendirmek isteyen Ummanlı politika yapıcıları Çin yatırımını kabul etmişlerdir. Fakat, Çin’in borçları borç alan ülkelerin egemenliği üzerinde baskı aracı olarak kullanma uygulamaları Çin’in Umman’ın ekonomisindeki artan etkisi Umman’ın egemenliğine zarar verebilir. Ayrıca, Hint Okyanusu’ndaki artan ABD-Çin rekabeti Umman’ın tarafsız pozisyonunu tehlikeye düşürebilir. Yine de Sultan Kabus’un mirası Umman’ın politika yapıcıları tarafından takip edilmektedir. Çin’in ekonomik yatırımlarından yararlanırken, Umman, Çin’i dengeleme davranışlarına girişmektedir.

Keywords

Umman, Çin, Deniz İpek Yolu, Sultan Kabus, dış politika

The Maritime Silk Road: Implications for Oman’s Foreign Policy

Abstract

This study seeks to analyze the implications of Oman’s participation in the Maritime Silk Road, which is the maritime component of the Belt and Road Initiative, announced in 2013 by the President of the People’s Republic of China, Xi Jinping. Sultan Qaboos has transformed Oman from an isolated and backward country to an active political mediator in the region. Oman’s neutral stance and diplomatic connections with every political actor in the region differentiate Oman from the rest of the Gulf countries. Geographically, Oman is situated in the intersection of the Persian Gulf, the Arabian Sea and the Indian Ocean. Historically, Oman ruled South Asian and East African coasts, extending its influence. The geographical position and historical legacy make Oman as a key country for the Maritime Silk Road. Thus, participation of Oman in the Belt and Road Initiative is invaluable in the eyes of the Chinese policymakers. Omani policymakers, who want to diversify Oman’s economy, welcome Chinese investments. However, increasing Chinese involvement in Oman’s economy might harm Oman’s sovereignty because of Chinese practice of using debts as exerting pressure on the lending states’ sovereignty. Moreover, the intensified competition between the USA and China in the Indian Ocean could compromise Oman’s neutral stance. Yet, Sultan Qaboos’ legacy is followed by Omani policymakers. While benefiting Chinese economic investments, Oman performs balancing acts against China.

Keywords

Oman, China, Maritime Silk Road, Sultan Qaboos, foreign policy

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