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XVIII. Yüzyıl’da Karşılaştırmalı Strateji: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Merkezli Bir Tetkik

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 285 - 314, 25.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1219615

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Westfalya düzeninden Napolyon Savaşlarına kadar geçen sürede, uluslararası ilişkilerde güç mücadelesinin nasıl şekil aldığını, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu özelinde ortaya koymaktadır. Dönemin diğer aktörlerinin hedeflerini kapsayacak şekilde karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınan siyaset geliştirme mücadelesi, uluslararası antlaşmalara sıkça atıfta bulunacaktır. Söz konusu rekabet yalnızca XIX. yüzyılın temellerini atmakla kalmamış, XX. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan küresel güç dengesinin de belirleyici unsurlarından olmuştur. Siyaset literatürü için eşsiz bir kaynak olan XVIII. yüzyıl olayları, sonuçları itibarıyla günümüz dünyasını şekillendiren sürecin ilk aşamasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu dönemde etkin şekilde sahada gözlemlenen; Güç Dengesi, İttifak Kültürü, Faydacılık, Realpolitik gibi birçok kavram günümüze referans olarak kalmıştır. Karşılaştırmalı durum incelemesi şeklinde ele alınan makale, kronolojik olarak hareket edecek ve Karlofça Antlaşmasını meydana getiren süreçten yola çıkarak, Avrupa krizlerini ele almak suretiyle ilerleyecektir.

Thanks

Prof Faruk Ataay ve Dr Ramazan İzol'a teşekkür ederim.

References

  • Abrahamsen, Rita “Postcolonialism.” International Relations Theory for the Twenty-first Century an Introduction, der. Martin Griffiths, 111-122. London: Routledge 2007.
  • Ahuja, Neel “Colonialism.” Macmillan Interdisciplinary Handbooks, der. Stacy Alaimo, 237-251. Delhi: University of Delhi, 2021.
  • Arı, Tayyar. Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri. Bursa: Aktuel Press. 2018.
  • Arı, Tayyar ve Mehmet Ali Ak. “Post-Colonialism and International Relations”, Theories of International Relations II, der. Tayyar Arı ve Elif Toprak, 67-86. Eskişehir: Anadolu University Press, 2019.
  • Ayoob, Mohammed “Inequality and Theorizing in International Relations: The Case for Subaltern Realism.” International Studies Review 4, Sayı. 3 (2002): 27-48.
  • Bill, Ashcroft et al., The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures. London: Routledge, 1989.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 1994.
  • Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to theory & Practice. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999.
  • Brennan, Timothy A. “Places of Mind, Occupied Lands-Edward Said and Philology: A Critical Reader.” The Arab World Geographer 7, Sayı. 1 (2004): 47-64.
  • Brysk, Alison et al., “After Empire: National Identity and Post-Colonial Families of Nations.” European Journal of International Relations 8, Sayı. 2 ( 2002): 267-305.
  • Cesaire, Aime. Discourse on Colonialism. Çev. Joan Pinkham. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2001.
  • Cox, Robert W. “Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory”, Millennium: Journal of International Studies 10, Sayı. 2 (1981): 126-155.
  • Darby, Phillip et al., “A Postcolonial International Relations?.” Institute of Postcolonial Studies Melbourne, (2003): 1-15.
  • Dirlik, Arif “The Postcolonial Aura: Third World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism.” Critical Inquiry 20, Sayı. 2, (1994): 328-356.
  • Dunne, Tim “The English School” International Relations: Discipline and Diversity, der. Tim Dunne et al., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
  • Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin White Masks. Çev. Charles Lam Markmann. London: Pluto Press, 2008.
  • Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. Çev. Constance Farrington. New York: Grove Press, 1961.
  • Fitzgerald, Susannah. “Do Postcolonial Approaches Explain World Politics Better Than Other IR Theories?.” E-International Relations, (2019): 1-7.
  • Gandhi, Leela. Postcolonial Theory: A Critical Introduction. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998.
  • Gopal, Priyamvada ve Neil Lazarus. After Iraq: Reframing Postcolonial Studies. London: Lawrence & Wishart Ltd, 2006.
  • Gündüz, Ahmet “Sömürgecilik Kavramı ve Sömürgeci Devletlerin Uyguladıkları Taktikler.”Tarih Okulu Dergisi (TOD), Sayı. 25 (2016): 763-784.
  • Güven, Fikret. “Criticism to Edward W. Said’s Orientalism” RumeliDe Journal of Language and Literature Studies (2019): 418-430.
  • Hewitson, Mark. Germany and the Modern World 1880-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
  • İpek, Volkan ve Çağlar Oyman “Postkolonyal Teori ve Uluslararası İlişkiler.” Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri, der.
  • Ramazan Gözen, 441-477. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2021.
  • Loomba, Ania. Colonialism/Postcolonialism. London: Routledge, 2005.
  • Loomba, Ania et al., Postcolonial Studies and Beyond. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.
  • Massad, Joseph A. “The Post-Colonial Colony: Time, Space, and Bodies in Palestine/Israel”, The Pre-Occupation of Postcolonial Studies. der. Fauzia Afzal Khan ve Kalpana Seshadri-Crooks, Durham: Duke University Press, 2000.
  • Mgonja, Boniface E.S. ve Iddi A.M. Makombe “Debating International Relations and its Relevance to the Third World.” African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 3, Sayı. 1, (2009): 27-37.
  • Munkler, Herfrıed. İmparatorluklar Eski Roman’dan ABD’ye Dünya Egemenliğinin Mantığı. Çev. Zehra Aksu Yılmazer. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2009.
  • Mutman, Mahmut. “Postkolonyalizm: Ölü Bir Disiplinin Hatıra Defteri.” Toplumbilim Postkolonyal Düşünce Özel Sayısı 25, (2010): 117-128.
  • Nair, Sheila “Introducing Postcolonialism in International Relations.” E-International Relations, (2017): 1-5.
  • Niazi, Tarique “The Postcolonial Contemporary: Political Imaginaries for the Global Present.” Journal of International and Global Studies 10, Sayı. 2, (2019): 169-173.
  • Niazi, Tarique “Postcolonial Theory in the 21st Century: Is the Past the Future or Is the Future the Past?.” Choice: Start with better options, (2021): 537-545.
  • Oliver A. Roland ve Fage, J. D. A short history of Africa. New York: New York University Press, 1963.
  • Reinhard, Wolfgang. A Short History of Colonialism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2011.
  • Rukundwa, Lazare S. ve Andries G. van Aarde “The Formation of postcolonial Theory.” HTS Theologies Studies/ Theological Studies 63, Sayı. 3, (2007): 1171-1194.
  • Said, Edward W. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1978.
  • Sawant, Shrikant B. “Postcolonial Theory: Meaning and Significance.” Proceedings of National Seminar on Postmodern Literary Theory and Literature, (2012): 120-126.
  • Sawant, Shrikant B. “Understanding Postcolonial Theory and Literature”, Journal of Higher Education and Research Society: A Refereed International 5, Sayı. 1, (2017): 325-337.
  • Seth, Sanjay. “Postcolonial Theory and the Critique of International Relations.” Millennium Journal of International Studies 40, Sayı. 1, (2011): 167-183.
  • Shohat, Ella “Notes on the Post-Colonial.” Social Text, Sayı. 31/32, (1992): 99-113.
  • Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. Outside in the Teaching Machine. New York: Routledge, 2008.
  • Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. Can The Subaltern Speak?. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1988.
  • Stuchtey, Benedikt “Colonialism and Imperialism 1450-1950.” European History Online (EGO), (2011): 1-14
  • Tetik, Sevim Postcolonial International Relations Theory: The Concept of “Hybridity”, Master Thesis, Department of International Relations, Necmettin Erbakan University, 2020.
  • Tepeciklioğluö, Elem Eyrice. “Postkolonyal Kuram Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplinini Dekolonize Etmek”, Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi 4, Sayı. 2, (2013): 80-97.
  • Türkmen, Serap. “Identity in the Colonial Lands: A Critical Overview of the Postcolonial Studies.” Turkish Journal of International Relations 2, Sayı. 3, (2003): 188-203.
  • Wilkens, Jan. “Postcolonialism in International Relations.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies, (2017): 1-22.
  • Yalvaç, Faruk. “Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramında Anarşi Söyelmi”, Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 8, Sayı. 29, (2011): 71-99.
  • Yeh, Chuan-Rong. “Existential Thoughts in Fanon’s Post-colonialism Discourse.” Policy Futures in Education 11, Sayı. 2, (2013): 200-2015.
  • Young, Robert. J.C. Postcolonialism: A Historical Introduction. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016.

الإستراتيجية المقارنة في القرن الثامن عشر:

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 285 - 314, 25.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1219615

Abstract

تركزت هذه الدراسة على الإمبراطورية العثمانية ، وتبحث في الهيكل المتغير للقوة في العلاقات الدولية ، من النظام الوستفالي إلى الحروب النابليونية. بما في ذلك أهداف الجهات الفاعلة الأخرى ، تكشف الدراسة عن النضال من أجل تطوير استراتيجية مقارنة مع الإشارة إلى الاتفاقيات الدولية للقرن الثامن عشر. لم يؤد هذا الصراع إلى إرساء أسس القرن التاسع عشر فحسب ، بل حدد أيضًا معايير توازن القوى في القرن العشرين. كونه مصدرًا استثنائيًا لأدب الإستراتيجية ، فإن القرن الثامن عشر هو المرحلة الأولى التي شكلت عالمنا اليوم. لقد ورثنا مفاهيم توازن القوى ، وثقافة التحالف ، والانتهازية ، والسياسة الواقعية كمرجع تمت ملاحظته بشكل فعال في هذا المجال في القرن الثامن عشر. ستكون طريقة هذه المقالة عبارة عن دراسة حالة تبدأ من معاهدة كارلوويتز للسلام وتتقدم بترتيب زمني من خلال مراقبة أزمات أوروبا.

References

  • Abrahamsen, Rita “Postcolonialism.” International Relations Theory for the Twenty-first Century an Introduction, der. Martin Griffiths, 111-122. London: Routledge 2007.
  • Ahuja, Neel “Colonialism.” Macmillan Interdisciplinary Handbooks, der. Stacy Alaimo, 237-251. Delhi: University of Delhi, 2021.
  • Arı, Tayyar. Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri. Bursa: Aktuel Press. 2018.
  • Arı, Tayyar ve Mehmet Ali Ak. “Post-Colonialism and International Relations”, Theories of International Relations II, der. Tayyar Arı ve Elif Toprak, 67-86. Eskişehir: Anadolu University Press, 2019.
  • Ayoob, Mohammed “Inequality and Theorizing in International Relations: The Case for Subaltern Realism.” International Studies Review 4, Sayı. 3 (2002): 27-48.
  • Bill, Ashcroft et al., The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures. London: Routledge, 1989.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 1994.
  • Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to theory & Practice. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999.
  • Brennan, Timothy A. “Places of Mind, Occupied Lands-Edward Said and Philology: A Critical Reader.” The Arab World Geographer 7, Sayı. 1 (2004): 47-64.
  • Brysk, Alison et al., “After Empire: National Identity and Post-Colonial Families of Nations.” European Journal of International Relations 8, Sayı. 2 ( 2002): 267-305.
  • Cesaire, Aime. Discourse on Colonialism. Çev. Joan Pinkham. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2001.
  • Cox, Robert W. “Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory”, Millennium: Journal of International Studies 10, Sayı. 2 (1981): 126-155.
  • Darby, Phillip et al., “A Postcolonial International Relations?.” Institute of Postcolonial Studies Melbourne, (2003): 1-15.
  • Dirlik, Arif “The Postcolonial Aura: Third World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism.” Critical Inquiry 20, Sayı. 2, (1994): 328-356.
  • Dunne, Tim “The English School” International Relations: Discipline and Diversity, der. Tim Dunne et al., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
  • Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin White Masks. Çev. Charles Lam Markmann. London: Pluto Press, 2008.
  • Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. Çev. Constance Farrington. New York: Grove Press, 1961.
  • Fitzgerald, Susannah. “Do Postcolonial Approaches Explain World Politics Better Than Other IR Theories?.” E-International Relations, (2019): 1-7.
  • Gandhi, Leela. Postcolonial Theory: A Critical Introduction. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998.
  • Gopal, Priyamvada ve Neil Lazarus. After Iraq: Reframing Postcolonial Studies. London: Lawrence & Wishart Ltd, 2006.
  • Gündüz, Ahmet “Sömürgecilik Kavramı ve Sömürgeci Devletlerin Uyguladıkları Taktikler.”Tarih Okulu Dergisi (TOD), Sayı. 25 (2016): 763-784.
  • Güven, Fikret. “Criticism to Edward W. Said’s Orientalism” RumeliDe Journal of Language and Literature Studies (2019): 418-430.
  • Hewitson, Mark. Germany and the Modern World 1880-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
  • İpek, Volkan ve Çağlar Oyman “Postkolonyal Teori ve Uluslararası İlişkiler.” Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri, der.
  • Ramazan Gözen, 441-477. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2021.
  • Loomba, Ania. Colonialism/Postcolonialism. London: Routledge, 2005.
  • Loomba, Ania et al., Postcolonial Studies and Beyond. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.
  • Massad, Joseph A. “The Post-Colonial Colony: Time, Space, and Bodies in Palestine/Israel”, The Pre-Occupation of Postcolonial Studies. der. Fauzia Afzal Khan ve Kalpana Seshadri-Crooks, Durham: Duke University Press, 2000.
  • Mgonja, Boniface E.S. ve Iddi A.M. Makombe “Debating International Relations and its Relevance to the Third World.” African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 3, Sayı. 1, (2009): 27-37.
  • Munkler, Herfrıed. İmparatorluklar Eski Roman’dan ABD’ye Dünya Egemenliğinin Mantığı. Çev. Zehra Aksu Yılmazer. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2009.
  • Mutman, Mahmut. “Postkolonyalizm: Ölü Bir Disiplinin Hatıra Defteri.” Toplumbilim Postkolonyal Düşünce Özel Sayısı 25, (2010): 117-128.
  • Nair, Sheila “Introducing Postcolonialism in International Relations.” E-International Relations, (2017): 1-5.
  • Niazi, Tarique “The Postcolonial Contemporary: Political Imaginaries for the Global Present.” Journal of International and Global Studies 10, Sayı. 2, (2019): 169-173.
  • Niazi, Tarique “Postcolonial Theory in the 21st Century: Is the Past the Future or Is the Future the Past?.” Choice: Start with better options, (2021): 537-545.
  • Oliver A. Roland ve Fage, J. D. A short history of Africa. New York: New York University Press, 1963.
  • Reinhard, Wolfgang. A Short History of Colonialism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2011.
  • Rukundwa, Lazare S. ve Andries G. van Aarde “The Formation of postcolonial Theory.” HTS Theologies Studies/ Theological Studies 63, Sayı. 3, (2007): 1171-1194.
  • Said, Edward W. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1978.
  • Sawant, Shrikant B. “Postcolonial Theory: Meaning and Significance.” Proceedings of National Seminar on Postmodern Literary Theory and Literature, (2012): 120-126.
  • Sawant, Shrikant B. “Understanding Postcolonial Theory and Literature”, Journal of Higher Education and Research Society: A Refereed International 5, Sayı. 1, (2017): 325-337.
  • Seth, Sanjay. “Postcolonial Theory and the Critique of International Relations.” Millennium Journal of International Studies 40, Sayı. 1, (2011): 167-183.
  • Shohat, Ella “Notes on the Post-Colonial.” Social Text, Sayı. 31/32, (1992): 99-113.
  • Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. Outside in the Teaching Machine. New York: Routledge, 2008.
  • Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. Can The Subaltern Speak?. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1988.
  • Stuchtey, Benedikt “Colonialism and Imperialism 1450-1950.” European History Online (EGO), (2011): 1-14
  • Tetik, Sevim Postcolonial International Relations Theory: The Concept of “Hybridity”, Master Thesis, Department of International Relations, Necmettin Erbakan University, 2020.
  • Tepeciklioğluö, Elem Eyrice. “Postkolonyal Kuram Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplinini Dekolonize Etmek”, Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi 4, Sayı. 2, (2013): 80-97.
  • Türkmen, Serap. “Identity in the Colonial Lands: A Critical Overview of the Postcolonial Studies.” Turkish Journal of International Relations 2, Sayı. 3, (2003): 188-203.
  • Wilkens, Jan. “Postcolonialism in International Relations.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies, (2017): 1-22.
  • Yalvaç, Faruk. “Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramında Anarşi Söyelmi”, Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 8, Sayı. 29, (2011): 71-99.
  • Yeh, Chuan-Rong. “Existential Thoughts in Fanon’s Post-colonialism Discourse.” Policy Futures in Education 11, Sayı. 2, (2013): 200-2015.
  • Young, Robert. J.C. Postcolonialism: A Historical Introduction. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016.

Comparative Strategy in the 18th Century:A Study Centered on the Ottoman Empire

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 285 - 314, 25.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1219615

Abstract

Centered on Ottoman Empire, this study examines the changing structure of power in international relations, from Westphalian Order to Napoleonic Wars. Including the targets of other actors, the study reveals the struggle for developing a comparative strategy while giving reference to international agreements of 18th century. This struggle not only laid the foundations for 19th century but also defined the parameters of power balance in 20th century. Being an exceptional source for the literature of strategy, 18th century is the first phase that shaped our world today. We inherited the concepts of balance of power, coalition culture, opportunism, realpolitik as a reference which was effectively observed in the field in 18th century. The method of this article will be a case study that starts from Carlowitz Peace Treaty and proceeds chronologically by observing the Crises of Europe.

References

  • Abrahamsen, Rita “Postcolonialism.” International Relations Theory for the Twenty-first Century an Introduction, der. Martin Griffiths, 111-122. London: Routledge 2007.
  • Ahuja, Neel “Colonialism.” Macmillan Interdisciplinary Handbooks, der. Stacy Alaimo, 237-251. Delhi: University of Delhi, 2021.
  • Arı, Tayyar. Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri. Bursa: Aktuel Press. 2018.
  • Arı, Tayyar ve Mehmet Ali Ak. “Post-Colonialism and International Relations”, Theories of International Relations II, der. Tayyar Arı ve Elif Toprak, 67-86. Eskişehir: Anadolu University Press, 2019.
  • Ayoob, Mohammed “Inequality and Theorizing in International Relations: The Case for Subaltern Realism.” International Studies Review 4, Sayı. 3 (2002): 27-48.
  • Bill, Ashcroft et al., The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-Colonial Literatures. London: Routledge, 1989.
  • Bhabha, Homi K. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 1994.
  • Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to theory & Practice. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999.
  • Brennan, Timothy A. “Places of Mind, Occupied Lands-Edward Said and Philology: A Critical Reader.” The Arab World Geographer 7, Sayı. 1 (2004): 47-64.
  • Brysk, Alison et al., “After Empire: National Identity and Post-Colonial Families of Nations.” European Journal of International Relations 8, Sayı. 2 ( 2002): 267-305.
  • Cesaire, Aime. Discourse on Colonialism. Çev. Joan Pinkham. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2001.
  • Cox, Robert W. “Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory”, Millennium: Journal of International Studies 10, Sayı. 2 (1981): 126-155.
  • Darby, Phillip et al., “A Postcolonial International Relations?.” Institute of Postcolonial Studies Melbourne, (2003): 1-15.
  • Dirlik, Arif “The Postcolonial Aura: Third World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism.” Critical Inquiry 20, Sayı. 2, (1994): 328-356.
  • Dunne, Tim “The English School” International Relations: Discipline and Diversity, der. Tim Dunne et al., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.
  • Fanon, Frantz. Black Skin White Masks. Çev. Charles Lam Markmann. London: Pluto Press, 2008.
  • Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. Çev. Constance Farrington. New York: Grove Press, 1961.
  • Fitzgerald, Susannah. “Do Postcolonial Approaches Explain World Politics Better Than Other IR Theories?.” E-International Relations, (2019): 1-7.
  • Gandhi, Leela. Postcolonial Theory: A Critical Introduction. Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1998.
  • Gopal, Priyamvada ve Neil Lazarus. After Iraq: Reframing Postcolonial Studies. London: Lawrence & Wishart Ltd, 2006.
  • Gündüz, Ahmet “Sömürgecilik Kavramı ve Sömürgeci Devletlerin Uyguladıkları Taktikler.”Tarih Okulu Dergisi (TOD), Sayı. 25 (2016): 763-784.
  • Güven, Fikret. “Criticism to Edward W. Said’s Orientalism” RumeliDe Journal of Language and Literature Studies (2019): 418-430.
  • Hewitson, Mark. Germany and the Modern World 1880-1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018.
  • İpek, Volkan ve Çağlar Oyman “Postkolonyal Teori ve Uluslararası İlişkiler.” Uluslararası İlişkiler Teorileri, der.
  • Ramazan Gözen, 441-477. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2021.
  • Loomba, Ania. Colonialism/Postcolonialism. London: Routledge, 2005.
  • Loomba, Ania et al., Postcolonial Studies and Beyond. Durham: Duke University Press, 2005.
  • Massad, Joseph A. “The Post-Colonial Colony: Time, Space, and Bodies in Palestine/Israel”, The Pre-Occupation of Postcolonial Studies. der. Fauzia Afzal Khan ve Kalpana Seshadri-Crooks, Durham: Duke University Press, 2000.
  • Mgonja, Boniface E.S. ve Iddi A.M. Makombe “Debating International Relations and its Relevance to the Third World.” African Journal of Political Science and International Relations 3, Sayı. 1, (2009): 27-37.
  • Munkler, Herfrıed. İmparatorluklar Eski Roman’dan ABD’ye Dünya Egemenliğinin Mantığı. Çev. Zehra Aksu Yılmazer. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 2009.
  • Mutman, Mahmut. “Postkolonyalizm: Ölü Bir Disiplinin Hatıra Defteri.” Toplumbilim Postkolonyal Düşünce Özel Sayısı 25, (2010): 117-128.
  • Nair, Sheila “Introducing Postcolonialism in International Relations.” E-International Relations, (2017): 1-5.
  • Niazi, Tarique “The Postcolonial Contemporary: Political Imaginaries for the Global Present.” Journal of International and Global Studies 10, Sayı. 2, (2019): 169-173.
  • Niazi, Tarique “Postcolonial Theory in the 21st Century: Is the Past the Future or Is the Future the Past?.” Choice: Start with better options, (2021): 537-545.
  • Oliver A. Roland ve Fage, J. D. A short history of Africa. New York: New York University Press, 1963.
  • Reinhard, Wolfgang. A Short History of Colonialism. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2011.
  • Rukundwa, Lazare S. ve Andries G. van Aarde “The Formation of postcolonial Theory.” HTS Theologies Studies/ Theological Studies 63, Sayı. 3, (2007): 1171-1194.
  • Said, Edward W. Orientalism. New York: Vintage Books, 1978.
  • Sawant, Shrikant B. “Postcolonial Theory: Meaning and Significance.” Proceedings of National Seminar on Postmodern Literary Theory and Literature, (2012): 120-126.
  • Sawant, Shrikant B. “Understanding Postcolonial Theory and Literature”, Journal of Higher Education and Research Society: A Refereed International 5, Sayı. 1, (2017): 325-337.
  • Seth, Sanjay. “Postcolonial Theory and the Critique of International Relations.” Millennium Journal of International Studies 40, Sayı. 1, (2011): 167-183.
  • Shohat, Ella “Notes on the Post-Colonial.” Social Text, Sayı. 31/32, (1992): 99-113.
  • Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. Outside in the Teaching Machine. New York: Routledge, 2008.
  • Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. Can The Subaltern Speak?. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1988.
  • Stuchtey, Benedikt “Colonialism and Imperialism 1450-1950.” European History Online (EGO), (2011): 1-14
  • Tetik, Sevim Postcolonial International Relations Theory: The Concept of “Hybridity”, Master Thesis, Department of International Relations, Necmettin Erbakan University, 2020.
  • Tepeciklioğluö, Elem Eyrice. “Postkolonyal Kuram Uluslararası İlişkiler Disiplinini Dekolonize Etmek”, Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi 4, Sayı. 2, (2013): 80-97.
  • Türkmen, Serap. “Identity in the Colonial Lands: A Critical Overview of the Postcolonial Studies.” Turkish Journal of International Relations 2, Sayı. 3, (2003): 188-203.
  • Wilkens, Jan. “Postcolonialism in International Relations.” Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies, (2017): 1-22.
  • Yalvaç, Faruk. “Uluslararası İlişkiler Kuramında Anarşi Söyelmi”, Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi 8, Sayı. 29, (2011): 71-99.
  • Yeh, Chuan-Rong. “Existential Thoughts in Fanon’s Post-colonialism Discourse.” Policy Futures in Education 11, Sayı. 2, (2013): 200-2015.
  • Young, Robert. J.C. Postcolonialism: A Historical Introduction. New Jersey: Wiley-Blackwell, 2016.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Arda Can Çelik 0000-0003-3325-7112

Early Pub Date May 13, 2023
Publication Date May 25, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 14 Issue: 4

Cite

Chicago Çelik, Arda Can. “XVIII. Yüzyıl’da Karşılaştırmalı Strateji: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Merkezli Bir Tetkik”. Ortadoğu Etütleri 14, no. 4 (May 2023): 285-314. https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1219615.

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