XVIII. Yüzyıl’da Karşılaştırmalı Strateji: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu Merkezli Bir Tetkik

Year 2022, Volume: 14 Issue: 4, 285 - 314, 25.05.2023

Arda Can Çelik

https://doi.org/10.47932/ortetut.1219615

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Westfalya düzeninden Napolyon Savaşlarına kadar geçen sürede, uluslararası ilişkilerde güç mücadelesinin nasıl şekil aldığını, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu özelinde ortaya koymaktadır. Dönemin diğer aktörlerinin hedeflerini kapsayacak şekilde karşılaştırmalı olarak ele alınan siyaset geliştirme mücadelesi, uluslararası antlaşmalara sıkça atıfta bulunacaktır. Söz konusu rekabet yalnızca XIX. yüzyılın temellerini atmakla kalmamış, XX. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan küresel güç dengesinin de belirleyici unsurlarından olmuştur. Siyaset literatürü için eşsiz bir kaynak olan XVIII. yüzyıl olayları, sonuçları itibarıyla günümüz dünyasını şekillendiren sürecin ilk aşamasını oluşturmaktadır. Bu dönemde etkin şekilde sahada gözlemlenen; Güç Dengesi, İttifak Kültürü, Faydacılık, Realpolitik gibi birçok kavram günümüze referans olarak kalmıştır. Karşılaştırmalı durum incelemesi şeklinde ele alınan makale, kronolojik olarak hareket edecek ve Karlofça Antlaşmasını meydana getiren süreçten yola çıkarak, Avrupa krizlerini ele almak suretiyle ilerleyecektir.

Keywords

realpolitik, koalisyon, 18.yüzyıl, strateji, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, 18th century, Strategy, Realpolitik, Ottoman Empire, Coalition, الائتلاف, السياسة الواقعية, إستراتيجية

Thanks

Prof Faruk Ataay ve Dr Ramazan İzol'a teşekkür ederim.

الإستراتيجية المقارنة في القرن الثامن عشر:

Abstract

تركزت هذه الدراسة على الإمبراطورية العثمانية ، وتبحث في الهيكل المتغير للقوة في العلاقات الدولية ، من النظام الوستفالي إلى الحروب النابليونية. بما في ذلك أهداف الجهات الفاعلة الأخرى ، تكشف الدراسة عن النضال من أجل تطوير استراتيجية مقارنة مع الإشارة إلى الاتفاقيات الدولية للقرن الثامن عشر. لم يؤد هذا الصراع إلى إرساء أسس القرن التاسع عشر فحسب ، بل حدد أيضًا معايير توازن القوى في القرن العشرين. كونه مصدرًا استثنائيًا لأدب الإستراتيجية ، فإن القرن الثامن عشر هو المرحلة الأولى التي شكلت عالمنا اليوم. لقد ورثنا مفاهيم توازن القوى ، وثقافة التحالف ، والانتهازية ، والسياسة الواقعية كمرجع تمت ملاحظته بشكل فعال في هذا المجال في القرن الثامن عشر. ستكون طريقة هذه المقالة عبارة عن دراسة حالة تبدأ من معاهدة كارلوويتز للسلام وتتقدم بترتيب زمني من خلال مراقبة أزمات أوروبا.

Keywords

الائتلاف, السياسة الواقعية, إستراتيجية

Comparative Strategy in the 18th Century:A Study Centered on the Ottoman Empire

Abstract

Centered on Ottoman Empire, this study examines the changing structure of power in international relations, from Westphalian Order to Napoleonic Wars. Including the targets of other actors, the study reveals the struggle for developing a comparative strategy while giving reference to international agreements of 18th century. This struggle not only laid the foundations for 19th century but also defined the parameters of power balance in 20th century. Being an exceptional source for the literature of strategy, 18th century is the first phase that shaped our world today. We inherited the concepts of balance of power, coalition culture, opportunism, realpolitik as a reference which was effectively observed in the field in 18th century. The method of this article will be a case study that starts from Carlowitz Peace Treaty and proceeds chronologically by observing the Crises of Europe.

Keywords

18th century, Strategy, Realpolitik, Ottoman Empire, Coalition, الائتلاف, السياسة الواقعية, إستراتيجية

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