Type II DM candidate biomarkers in the Framework of Obesity, Exercise, and Diet

Year 2022, Volume: 2 Issue: 4, 125 - 129, 14.10.2022

Nurcan Kılıç Baygutalp

Abstract

Biomarkers used in the early diagnosis and treatment of prediabetes and diabetes, which are based on obesity and metabolic syndrome, are inadequate due to the complexity of the etiology of diabetes, and studies for developing new biomarkers for diabetes and/or determining an early diagnosis biomarker are ongoing in the scientific world.
Since obesity can be prevented to a certain extent by long-term diet and exercise, it can be considered that long-term and periodic investigation of a group of cytokines related to exercise and body fat mass may be meaningful. For example, the cytokines irisin (a myokine released from muscle by exercise) and adiponectin (adipokine, an indicator of decreased body fat mass have similar effects in terms of antiobesity and antidiabetic effects. Therefore, high levels of adiponectin and irisin can be considered in diabetic patients, and delayed micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes due to obesity and metabolic syndrome can be considered. On the other hand, adiponectin levels are low in diabetes and obesity, and these patients generally have low irisin levels due to being sedentary. It is a common belief that for overweight individuals, other than morbid obese people, and prediabetic and diabetic individuals, candidate biomarker (s) from cytokines to monitor the effectiveness of diet and exercise can generally be detected.
It is known that adipokines are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity and Type 2 diabetes mellitus together with pro-inflammatory cytokines and can be used as prognostic markers and may be involved in the therapeutic approaches to obesity-related Type 2 DM. During the long-term latent course of diabetes at the prediabetic stage, it is important to identify an early diagnostic biomarker.

Keywords

adiponectin, biomarker, diet, exercise, irisin, obesity, Type II DM

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