Research Article
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The Green Economy View In Kyrgyzstan

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: Özel Sayı, 147 - 159, 29.10.2023

Abstract

The green economy is considered to be the key to a socially inclusive, sustainable economy and a livable world order. Encouragement to green investments, internalization of social justice, income distribution and employment, improvement of human welfare, protection of natural balance, biodiversity, low carbon, topics such as financial policies and renewable energy sources. Kyrgyzstan declared its commitment to green economy by accepting the principles of green economy at Rio+20. In this paper, it is aimed to contribute to the future of Kyrgyzstan by hydroelectric energy, green agricultural production, which is known as green opportunity and included in renewable energy sources in Kyrgyzstan.In this study, it is aimed to contribute to the future of Kyrgyzstan by hydroelectric energy, green agricultural production, which is known as green opportunity and included in renewable energy sources in Kyrgyzstan. In addition, Kyrgyzstan's membership in PAGE (Green Economy Partnership) in 2016 has been the turning point of the transition to green economy. In this study, it is aimed to contribute to the future of Kyrgyzstan by hydroelectric energy, green agricultural production, which is known as green opportunity and included in renewable energy sources in Kyrgyzstan.

References

  • Aşıcı, A. ve Şahin, Ü. (2017). Yeni düzen (2. Basım). Yeni İnsan Yayınevi https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318420062_Yesil_Ekonomi
  • Aşıcı, A. A. (2012a). İktisadi düşüncede çevrenin yeri ve yeşil ekonomi, karşılaştırmalı bir analiz. A. A. Aşıcı ve Ü. Şahin (Ed.) Yeşil ekonomi (35-56) içinde. Yeni İnsan Yayınevi. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/382459
  • Adamowicz, M. (2021). Procesy rozwojowe rolnictwa w kontek´scie wyzwa´n globalizacji i nowych uj˛e´c koncepcji zrównowa˙zonego rozwoju. Z. Ekon. Roln, 366, 24–45.
  • Brovko, N. ve Borbugulov, M. (2021). Features of sustainable economic development in the Central Asian countries, E3S Web of Conferences 296, 06001, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129606001
  • Cato, M. S. (2012). Green economics: Putting the planet and politics back into economics. Cambridge J. Econ., 36, 1033–1049. doi: 10.1093/cje/bes022
  • Castro, A., Vaidyanathan, S., Bastian, H. ve King, J. (2018). The 2018 international energy efficiency scorecard. Report I1801 (June 2018). American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. https://mineconom.gov.kg/ky/direct/302/335
  • Dulupçu, M.A. (2001). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma politikasına yönelik gelişmeler. Dış Ticaret Dergisi, 6(2), 46-70. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ckuiibfd/issue/32906/365611?publisher=karatekin?publisher=karatekin
  • Guo, L., Lu, M., Cui, M. ve Luo, J. (2022). Future hot topics and directions of green growth based on a hybrid method. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 29, 40462–40477. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19774-y
  • Hao, Y., Yang, D., Yin, J., Chen, Xi., Bao, A., Wu, Miao. ve Zhang, X. (2019). The effects of ecological policy of Kyrgyzstan based on data envelope analysis. Sustainability, 11, 1922. doi:10.3390/su11071922
  • IRENA (Uluslararası Yenilenebilir Enerji Ajansı). (2018). Global energy transformation. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21898IRENA_Global_Energy_Transformation_2018_summary_EN.pdf
  • Kasztelan, A. (2017). Green growth, green economy and sustainable development: Terminological and relational discourse. Prague Economic Papers, 26(4), 487–499. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ckuiibfd/issue/32906/365611?publisher=karatekin?publisher=karatekin
  • KCEB (Kırgız Cumhuriyeti Ekonomi ve Ticaret Bakanlığı. (2019). Green economy development program in the Kyrgyz republic for 2019-2023. https://adelphi.de/de/system/files/mediathek/bilder/Report-Adelphi-CRVA-EN_final.pdf
  • KCİS (Kırgız Cumhuriyeti İstatistik Serisi. (2017). https://mineconom.gov.kg/ky/direct/302/
  • KCYE. (2012). Kırgız cumhuriyeti yeşil ekonomi beklentiler raporu. Bişkek.
  • Kimsanov, U.O. ve Davlyatova, M.M. (2019). Prospects for the development of a green economy in central Asia: World and regional practice. Bull. of the Taj. Nat. Univ, 5(1), 184-189. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129606001
  • KESR (Kyrgyzstan Energy Sector Review. (2022). https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9d0cb3be-48fd-424f-8968-e543a43e8614/Kyrgyzstan2022.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 08.01.2023).
  • Le Blanc, D. (2011). Special issue on green economy and sustainable development. Nat. Resour. Forum 35, 151–154. doi: 10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011
  • Loiseau, E., Saikku, L., Antikainen, R., Droste, N., Hansjürgens, B. and Pitkänen, K., vd. (2016). Green economy and related concepts: An overview. J. Clean. Prod. 139, 361–371. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.024
  • Manas Bis. (2015). Kırgızistan iş fırsatları sektör raporları serisi. 3. T.C Ekonomi Bakanlığı Bişkek Ticaret Müşavirliği. http://manasbis.manas.edu.kg/thesis/tez/59b76f27e5a66.pdf
  • Mamatovna, A. ve Çikolar, E. (2023). The green farming practices and transformation of hydropower in Kyrgyzstan within the framework of the green economy. Presidental Academy of the Kyrgyz Republic, 171-177.
  • NASK (National Science Academy of KR. (2000). Atlas of the Kyrgyz republic. Bishkek.
  • OECD (Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü). (2012). Green growth and developing countries: A summary for policy makers. https://ojs.studiamsu.md/index.php/stiinte_exacte_si_economice/article/view/5037/6987
  • Opitz-Stapleton, S. vd. (2022). Understanding the climate and net zero transition risks and opportunities in Kyrgyzstan. ODI Policy Brief.
  • https://cdn-odi-production.s3.amazonaws.com/media/documents/ODI_Understanding_net-zero_transition_risks_Kyrgyzstan.pdf
  • OSCE (Avrupa Güvenlik ve İş Birliği Teşkilatı). (2007). The central Asian regional environmental centre for the Kyrgyz republic. https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/f/d/25151.pdf
  • Omoşoev, T. ve Çikolar, E. (2022). The green economy and finance policy practices in Kyrgyzstan. Vestnik, 4, 67-77.
  • Peyrouse S. (2012). The nexus of environmental issues, poverty, and political authoritarianism in central Asia, what role for civil society organisations and the international community. https://www.iphronline.org/the-nexus-of-environmental-issues-poverty-and-political-authoritarianism-in-central-asia-what-role-for-civil-society-organisations-and-the-international-community.html
  • Pearce, D., Markandya, A. ve Barbier, E. B. (1989). Blue print for a green economy. Earthscan.
  • Rio+20. (2012). Kırgız cumhuriyeti’nde yeşil bir ekonomi için beklentiler raporu.
  • Switchtogreen (2021). Launch of EU SWITCH-Asia programme in central Asia. Supporting Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP). https://www.switchtogreen.eu/launch-of-eu-switch-asia-programme-in-central-asia-supporting-sustainable-consumption-and-production-scp
  • Tunay, M. T. ve Cebeci, M. (2001). Büyük hidroelektrik santrallar ile küçük hidroelektrik santralların karşılaştırılması. Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Sempozyumu, 18-20 Ocak, İzmir. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bitlisfen/issue/33317/308545
  • UNEP. (2011). Towards a green economy: pathways to sustainable development and poverty eradication—a synthesis for policy makers. UNEP Division of Communications and Public Information. Nairobi, Kenya. https://www.mdpi.com› pdf
  • Unwater. (2017). Kyrgyzstan UN-water country brief. https://www.unwater.org/sites/default/files/app/uploads/2017/05/KGZ_pagebypage.pdf
  • Vandyck, T., Keramidas, K., Kitous, A., Spadaro, J.V. vd. (2018). Air quality co-benefits for human health and agriculture counterbalance costs to meet Paris Agreement pledges. Nature Communications, 9(1), 1–11.
  • Zhivotovskaya, I.G ve Chernomorova, T.V (2016). Green economy as a global development strategy in the post-crisis world. Rev. coll., 11. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129606001
  • Wang, S., Wang, X. ve Lu, B. (2022). Is resource abundance a curse for green economic growth? Evidence from developing countries. Resour. Policy, 75:102533. doi: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102533
  • West, J.J., Smith, S.J., Silva, R.A., Naik, V. vd. (2013). Co-benefits of mitigating global greenhouse gas emissions for future air quality and human health. Nature Climate Change, 3(10), 885–889.
  • https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9d0cb3be-48fd-424f-8968-e543a43e8614/Kyrgyzstan2022.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 08.01.2023).
  • https://greengrowthindex.gggi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2020-Green-Growth-Index.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 08.01.2023).
  • https://wecoop.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Session-3-Nurzat-Abdyrasulova-PPP-080618-v3.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:08.01.2023).
  • https://mineconom.gov.kg/froala/uploads/file/74d4a7acb453c87adc8e8e03932b4e319f7077ff.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:08.01.2023).
  • https://worldbank.org/indicator/eg.elc.loosszs (Erişim Tarihi:08.01.2023).
  • http://tr.kabar.kg/news/k-rg-zistan-surdurulebilir-kalk-nma-hedefleri-bolgesel-forumuna-kat-l-yor/ (Erişim Tarihi:20.08.2023).
  • http://www.stat.kg/en/statistics/turizm-otdyh-ohrana-okruzhayushej-sredy/ (Erişim Tarihi: 19.04.2023).

Kırgızistan’da Yeşil Ekonomiye Bakış

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: Özel Sayı, 147 - 159, 29.10.2023

Abstract

1929 Dünya Ekonomik Buhranı, para piyasalarını olumsuz yönde etkileyerek, piyasalarda belirsizliklere yol açmıştır. Bu durum Klasik iktisadın yerine, Keynesyen politikaların uygulanmasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, yeşil ekonomi; Sanayi Devrimi, 1929 Dünya Ekonomik Krizi ve BM Çevre Deklarasyonları perspektifinde değerlendirilebilecek bir konu özelliği taşımaktadır. Dünyada milyarlarca insanın suya, temiz havaya, enerjiye ve sanitasyona ulaşamadığı düşünüldüğünde yeşil ekonominin önemi her geçen gün anlaşılmaktadır. Yeşil ekonomi sosyal kapsayıcılığı olan, sürdürülebilir ekonominin ve yaşanabilir bir dünya düzeninin anahtarı olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kavram içerisinde yeşil yatırımlara teşvik, sosyal adaletin içselleştirilmesi, gelir dağılımı ve istihdam, insan refahının iyileştirilmesi, doğal dengenin korunması, biyoçeşitlilik, düşük karbon, mali politikalar ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları gibi konular yer almaktadır. Kırgızistan Rio+20’de (Birleşmiş Milletler Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Konferansı) yeşil ekonominin ilkelerini kabul ederek, yeşil ekonomiye bağlılığını deklare etmiştir. Ayrıca 2016 yılında Kırgızistan’ın PAGE’ye (Yeşil Ekonomi Ortaklığı) üyeliği de yeşil ekonomiye geçişin dönüm noktası olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Kırgızistan’da yeşil fırsat olarak bilinen ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları içerisinde yer alan hidroelektrik enerjisinin, yeşil tarımsal üretimin Kırgızistan’ın geleceğine önemli katkılar sağlaması amaçlanmaktadır.

References

  • Aşıcı, A. ve Şahin, Ü. (2017). Yeni düzen (2. Basım). Yeni İnsan Yayınevi https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318420062_Yesil_Ekonomi
  • Aşıcı, A. A. (2012a). İktisadi düşüncede çevrenin yeri ve yeşil ekonomi, karşılaştırmalı bir analiz. A. A. Aşıcı ve Ü. Şahin (Ed.) Yeşil ekonomi (35-56) içinde. Yeni İnsan Yayınevi. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/382459
  • Adamowicz, M. (2021). Procesy rozwojowe rolnictwa w kontek´scie wyzwa´n globalizacji i nowych uj˛e´c koncepcji zrównowa˙zonego rozwoju. Z. Ekon. Roln, 366, 24–45.
  • Brovko, N. ve Borbugulov, M. (2021). Features of sustainable economic development in the Central Asian countries, E3S Web of Conferences 296, 06001, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129606001
  • Cato, M. S. (2012). Green economics: Putting the planet and politics back into economics. Cambridge J. Econ., 36, 1033–1049. doi: 10.1093/cje/bes022
  • Castro, A., Vaidyanathan, S., Bastian, H. ve King, J. (2018). The 2018 international energy efficiency scorecard. Report I1801 (June 2018). American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. https://mineconom.gov.kg/ky/direct/302/335
  • Dulupçu, M.A. (2001). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma politikasına yönelik gelişmeler. Dış Ticaret Dergisi, 6(2), 46-70. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ckuiibfd/issue/32906/365611?publisher=karatekin?publisher=karatekin
  • Guo, L., Lu, M., Cui, M. ve Luo, J. (2022). Future hot topics and directions of green growth based on a hybrid method. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 29, 40462–40477. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-19774-y
  • Hao, Y., Yang, D., Yin, J., Chen, Xi., Bao, A., Wu, Miao. ve Zhang, X. (2019). The effects of ecological policy of Kyrgyzstan based on data envelope analysis. Sustainability, 11, 1922. doi:10.3390/su11071922
  • IRENA (Uluslararası Yenilenebilir Enerji Ajansı). (2018). Global energy transformation. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/21898IRENA_Global_Energy_Transformation_2018_summary_EN.pdf
  • Kasztelan, A. (2017). Green growth, green economy and sustainable development: Terminological and relational discourse. Prague Economic Papers, 26(4), 487–499. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/ckuiibfd/issue/32906/365611?publisher=karatekin?publisher=karatekin
  • KCEB (Kırgız Cumhuriyeti Ekonomi ve Ticaret Bakanlığı. (2019). Green economy development program in the Kyrgyz republic for 2019-2023. https://adelphi.de/de/system/files/mediathek/bilder/Report-Adelphi-CRVA-EN_final.pdf
  • KCİS (Kırgız Cumhuriyeti İstatistik Serisi. (2017). https://mineconom.gov.kg/ky/direct/302/
  • KCYE. (2012). Kırgız cumhuriyeti yeşil ekonomi beklentiler raporu. Bişkek.
  • Kimsanov, U.O. ve Davlyatova, M.M. (2019). Prospects for the development of a green economy in central Asia: World and regional practice. Bull. of the Taj. Nat. Univ, 5(1), 184-189. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129606001
  • KESR (Kyrgyzstan Energy Sector Review. (2022). https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9d0cb3be-48fd-424f-8968-e543a43e8614/Kyrgyzstan2022.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 08.01.2023).
  • Le Blanc, D. (2011). Special issue on green economy and sustainable development. Nat. Resour. Forum 35, 151–154. doi: 10.1111/j.1477-8947.2011
  • Loiseau, E., Saikku, L., Antikainen, R., Droste, N., Hansjürgens, B. and Pitkänen, K., vd. (2016). Green economy and related concepts: An overview. J. Clean. Prod. 139, 361–371. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.024
  • Manas Bis. (2015). Kırgızistan iş fırsatları sektör raporları serisi. 3. T.C Ekonomi Bakanlığı Bişkek Ticaret Müşavirliği. http://manasbis.manas.edu.kg/thesis/tez/59b76f27e5a66.pdf
  • Mamatovna, A. ve Çikolar, E. (2023). The green farming practices and transformation of hydropower in Kyrgyzstan within the framework of the green economy. Presidental Academy of the Kyrgyz Republic, 171-177.
  • NASK (National Science Academy of KR. (2000). Atlas of the Kyrgyz republic. Bishkek.
  • OECD (Ekonomik Kalkınma ve İşbirliği Örgütü). (2012). Green growth and developing countries: A summary for policy makers. https://ojs.studiamsu.md/index.php/stiinte_exacte_si_economice/article/view/5037/6987
  • Opitz-Stapleton, S. vd. (2022). Understanding the climate and net zero transition risks and opportunities in Kyrgyzstan. ODI Policy Brief.
  • https://cdn-odi-production.s3.amazonaws.com/media/documents/ODI_Understanding_net-zero_transition_risks_Kyrgyzstan.pdf
  • OSCE (Avrupa Güvenlik ve İş Birliği Teşkilatı). (2007). The central Asian regional environmental centre for the Kyrgyz republic. https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/f/d/25151.pdf
  • Omoşoev, T. ve Çikolar, E. (2022). The green economy and finance policy practices in Kyrgyzstan. Vestnik, 4, 67-77.
  • Peyrouse S. (2012). The nexus of environmental issues, poverty, and political authoritarianism in central Asia, what role for civil society organisations and the international community. https://www.iphronline.org/the-nexus-of-environmental-issues-poverty-and-political-authoritarianism-in-central-asia-what-role-for-civil-society-organisations-and-the-international-community.html
  • Pearce, D., Markandya, A. ve Barbier, E. B. (1989). Blue print for a green economy. Earthscan.
  • Rio+20. (2012). Kırgız cumhuriyeti’nde yeşil bir ekonomi için beklentiler raporu.
  • Switchtogreen (2021). Launch of EU SWITCH-Asia programme in central Asia. Supporting Sustainable Consumption and Production (SCP). https://www.switchtogreen.eu/launch-of-eu-switch-asia-programme-in-central-asia-supporting-sustainable-consumption-and-production-scp
  • Tunay, M. T. ve Cebeci, M. (2001). Büyük hidroelektrik santrallar ile küçük hidroelektrik santralların karşılaştırılması. Yenilenebilir Enerji Kaynakları Sempozyumu, 18-20 Ocak, İzmir. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/bitlisfen/issue/33317/308545
  • UNEP. (2011). Towards a green economy: pathways to sustainable development and poverty eradication—a synthesis for policy makers. UNEP Division of Communications and Public Information. Nairobi, Kenya. https://www.mdpi.com› pdf
  • Unwater. (2017). Kyrgyzstan UN-water country brief. https://www.unwater.org/sites/default/files/app/uploads/2017/05/KGZ_pagebypage.pdf
  • Vandyck, T., Keramidas, K., Kitous, A., Spadaro, J.V. vd. (2018). Air quality co-benefits for human health and agriculture counterbalance costs to meet Paris Agreement pledges. Nature Communications, 9(1), 1–11.
  • Zhivotovskaya, I.G ve Chernomorova, T.V (2016). Green economy as a global development strategy in the post-crisis world. Rev. coll., 11. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129606001
  • Wang, S., Wang, X. ve Lu, B. (2022). Is resource abundance a curse for green economic growth? Evidence from developing countries. Resour. Policy, 75:102533. doi: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2021.102533
  • West, J.J., Smith, S.J., Silva, R.A., Naik, V. vd. (2013). Co-benefits of mitigating global greenhouse gas emissions for future air quality and human health. Nature Climate Change, 3(10), 885–889.
  • https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/9d0cb3be-48fd-424f-8968-e543a43e8614/Kyrgyzstan2022.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 08.01.2023).
  • https://greengrowthindex.gggi.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2020-Green-Growth-Index.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 08.01.2023).
  • https://wecoop.eu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Session-3-Nurzat-Abdyrasulova-PPP-080618-v3.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:08.01.2023).
  • https://mineconom.gov.kg/froala/uploads/file/74d4a7acb453c87adc8e8e03932b4e319f7077ff.pdf (Erişim Tarihi:08.01.2023).
  • https://worldbank.org/indicator/eg.elc.loosszs (Erişim Tarihi:08.01.2023).
  • http://tr.kabar.kg/news/k-rg-zistan-surdurulebilir-kalk-nma-hedefleri-bolgesel-forumuna-kat-l-yor/ (Erişim Tarihi:20.08.2023).
  • http://www.stat.kg/en/statistics/turizm-otdyh-ohrana-okruzhayushej-sredy/ (Erişim Tarihi: 19.04.2023).
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Growth
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Eyüp Çikolar 0000-0002-2697-4407

Early Pub Date October 20, 2023
Publication Date October 29, 2023
Submission Date June 16, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: Özel Sayı

Cite

APA Çikolar, E. (2023). Kırgızistan’da Yeşil Ekonomiye Bakış. Paradigma: İktisadi Ve İdari Araştırmalar Dergisi, 12(Özel Sayı), 147-159.