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Economic Development and Regional Inequalities: An Empirical Investigation for Turkey, 1965-2001

Year 2012, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 113 - 124, 01.12.2012

Abstract

This paper examines relationship between economic development and regional inequality by considering geographical regions of Turkey. Willamson’ (1965) Inverted-U Hypothesis which suggested an increasing-decreasing regional inequality in the course of national development has been tested using quadratic forms. National per capita income as a development indicator and regional income dispersion as a measure for interregional inequality among regions have been investigated in the course of national industrialization - from the middle of the 1960s to the end of the 1990s. Furthermore, intraregional inequalities have been investigated using similar methodology for the same period. Consequently, it has been observed that interregional inequality increases associated with economic development but decreases in the latter stages of development. According to panel data results, intraregional inequalities in some developed regions have also  demonstrated the same trend in Turkey.

References

  • ALONSO, W. (1968), “Urban And Regional Imbalances In Economic Develop- ment”, Economic Development and Cultural Change 17(1), 1-14.
  • AMOS, O. M. (1988), “Unbalanced Regional Growth And Regional Income Inequa- lity In The Latter Stages Of Develop- ment”, Regional Science and Urban Economics 18, 549-566.
  • BALTAGI, B. H. (2005), Econometric Analy- sis of Panel Data, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Sussex.
  • BORTS, G. H. and STEIN, J. L. (1964), Eco- nomic Growth in A Free Market, Co- lumbia University Press, New York.
  • CILLER, T. (1982), Distribution of National Income on Provincial Level (In Tur- kish). Bogazici University, Administra- tive Sciences Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • DAS, S. K. and BARUA, A. (1996) “Regional Inequalities, Economic Growth And Li- beralization: A Study Of The Indian Economy”, Journal of Development Studies 32(3), 64-398.
  • DUNFORD, M. (1993) “Regional Disparities In The European Community: Evidence From The REGIO Databank”, Regional Studies 27(8), 727–43.
  • FAN, C.C. and CASETTI, E. (1994) “The Spatial And Temporal Dynamics Of Us Regional Income Inequality”, 1950- 1989, Annals of Regional Science 28, 177-196.
  • HIRSCHMAN, A. O. (1958), The Strategy of Economic Development, Yale Univer- sity Press, New Heaven.
  • KUZNETS, S. (1955), “Economic Growth And Income Inequality”, American Economic Review 45, 1-28.
  • LIPSHITZ, G. (1995) “Regional Disparities: The Canadian Case In The Theoretical Context”, Canadian Journal of Regional Science 18(3), 357-378.
  • LU, D. (2002) “Rural–Urban Income Dispa- rity: Impact Of Growth, Allocative Effi- ciency, And Local Growth Welfare”, China Economic Review 13(4), 419-429.
  • MRYDAL, G. (1957), Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions, Duckworth Press, London.
  • NISSAN, E. and CARTER, G. (1993), “In- come Inequality Across Regions Over Time”, Growth & Change 24(3), 303- 321.
  • OZUTUN, E. (1980), Turkey's Gross Domes- tic Product by Provinces (In Turkish), State Institute of Statistics, Ankara, Tur- key.
  • ________ (1988), Distribution of Turkey's Gross Domestic Product by Provinces 1979-1986. Istanbul Chamber of In- dustry, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • PERROUX, J. (1950) Economic space: theory and applications, Quarterly Journal of Economics 64, 89-104.
  • SHANKAR, R. and SHAH, A. (2003), “Brid- ging The Economic Divide Within Na- tions: A Scorecard On The Performance Of Regional Development Policies In Reducing Regional Income Disparities”, World Development 31(8), 1421-1441.
  • WILLIAMSON, J. G. (1965) “Regional Ine- quality And The Process Of National Development: A Description Of Pat- terns”, Economic Development and Cultural Change 13(4), 3-45.

İktisadi Kalkınma ve Bölgesel Eşitsizlikler: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama, 1965-2001

Year 2012, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 113 - 124, 01.12.2012

Abstract

Bu çalışmada ekonomik kalkınma ile bölgesel eşitsizlik arasındaki ilişki Türkiye’nin coğrafi bölgeleri dikkate alınarak incelenmştir. İktisadi kalkınma sürecinde bölgesel eşitsizliğin önce arttığı daha sonra azladığını iddia edenWilliamson’un ters U hipotezi kuadratik formlar kullanılarak test edilmiştir. Kalkınma göstergesi olarak kişi başına gelir ve bölgeler arasındaki eşitsizliği ölçmek için kullanılan eşitsizlik indeksleri 1960’ların ortalarından 1990’ların sonlarına kadarki dönem için araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca aynı dönem için yine aynı yöntem kullanılarak bölge-içi eşitsizlikler de irdelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak bölgeler arası eşitsizliklerin kalkınmanın ilk aşamalarında arttığı ancak sonraki aşamalarda azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Panel veri sonuçlarına göre bölge içi eşitsizlilikler de benzer bir eğilim göstermektedir.

References

  • ALONSO, W. (1968), “Urban And Regional Imbalances In Economic Develop- ment”, Economic Development and Cultural Change 17(1), 1-14.
  • AMOS, O. M. (1988), “Unbalanced Regional Growth And Regional Income Inequa- lity In The Latter Stages Of Develop- ment”, Regional Science and Urban Economics 18, 549-566.
  • BALTAGI, B. H. (2005), Econometric Analy- sis of Panel Data, Third Edition, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Sussex.
  • BORTS, G. H. and STEIN, J. L. (1964), Eco- nomic Growth in A Free Market, Co- lumbia University Press, New York.
  • CILLER, T. (1982), Distribution of National Income on Provincial Level (In Tur- kish). Bogazici University, Administra- tive Sciences Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • DAS, S. K. and BARUA, A. (1996) “Regional Inequalities, Economic Growth And Li- beralization: A Study Of The Indian Economy”, Journal of Development Studies 32(3), 64-398.
  • DUNFORD, M. (1993) “Regional Disparities In The European Community: Evidence From The REGIO Databank”, Regional Studies 27(8), 727–43.
  • FAN, C.C. and CASETTI, E. (1994) “The Spatial And Temporal Dynamics Of Us Regional Income Inequality”, 1950- 1989, Annals of Regional Science 28, 177-196.
  • HIRSCHMAN, A. O. (1958), The Strategy of Economic Development, Yale Univer- sity Press, New Heaven.
  • KUZNETS, S. (1955), “Economic Growth And Income Inequality”, American Economic Review 45, 1-28.
  • LIPSHITZ, G. (1995) “Regional Disparities: The Canadian Case In The Theoretical Context”, Canadian Journal of Regional Science 18(3), 357-378.
  • LU, D. (2002) “Rural–Urban Income Dispa- rity: Impact Of Growth, Allocative Effi- ciency, And Local Growth Welfare”, China Economic Review 13(4), 419-429.
  • MRYDAL, G. (1957), Economic Theory and Underdeveloped Regions, Duckworth Press, London.
  • NISSAN, E. and CARTER, G. (1993), “In- come Inequality Across Regions Over Time”, Growth & Change 24(3), 303- 321.
  • OZUTUN, E. (1980), Turkey's Gross Domes- tic Product by Provinces (In Turkish), State Institute of Statistics, Ankara, Tur- key.
  • ________ (1988), Distribution of Turkey's Gross Domestic Product by Provinces 1979-1986. Istanbul Chamber of In- dustry, Istanbul, Turkey.
  • PERROUX, J. (1950) Economic space: theory and applications, Quarterly Journal of Economics 64, 89-104.
  • SHANKAR, R. and SHAH, A. (2003), “Brid- ging The Economic Divide Within Na- tions: A Scorecard On The Performance Of Regional Development Policies In Reducing Regional Income Disparities”, World Development 31(8), 1421-1441.
  • WILLIAMSON, J. G. (1965) “Regional Ine- quality And The Process Of National Development: A Description Of Pat- terns”, Economic Development and Cultural Change 13(4), 3-45.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Doç.Dr. Lütfü Öztürk This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Öztürk, D. L. (2012). İktisadi Kalkınma ve Bölgesel Eşitsizlikler: Türkiye Üzerine Bir Uygulama, 1965-2001. Paradoks Ekonomi Sosyoloji Ve Politika Dergisi, 8(2), 113-124.