Evaluation of Turkish artificial intelligence-generated responses about osteoporosis in terms of accuracy, completeness, and readability
Abstract
Purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are increasingly used in patient education. This study evaluated the responses of AI chatbots to frequently asked questions about osteoporosis in Turkish in terms of accuracy, completeness, and readability. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate AI-generated responses to osteoporosis-related questions in Turkish.
Materials and methods: Thirty-one of the most common frequently asked questions related to osteoporosis were subcategorized into general information, diagnosis, and treatment. The questions were submitted to the publicly accessible platforms ChatGPT-5.3, Gemini, Copilot, and Perplexity. Two physicians evaluated accuracy (six-point Likert scale) and completeness (three-point Likert scale) based on the 2025 Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases. Readability was assessed using the Ateşman Readability Formula.
Results: No significant difference was found among the chatbots for accuracy. Accuracy rates ranged 80.5%-82.2% overall, 82.3%-85.2% general information, 58.3%-66.7% diagnosis, and 77.2%-81.7% treatment. Significant differences were found in completeness overall and in the general information (p=0.006, p=0.029; respectively). In pairwise comparisons, ChatGPT-5.3 showed significantly higher completeness than Perplexity (p=0.001, p=0.006; respectively). Completeness rates ranged 47%-64.3% overall, 46%-68.3% general information, 33.3%-50% diagnosis, and 48.3%-60.3% treatment. Readability differed significantly among the chatbots (p<0.001). Based on mean scores, the ranking was ChatGPT-5.3>Gemini=Copilot>Perplexity. ChatGPT-5.3, Gemini, and Copilot were easy, whereas Perplexity was moderately difficult.
Conclusion: All chatbots showed similar accuracy, but ChatGPT-5.3 performed better in completeness and readability. Chatbots may be useful in Turkish patient education. However, their standalone use in osteoporosis management without physician supervision is not appropriate.
Keywords
References
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Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Journal Section
Research Article
Authors
Alev Atıgan
0000-0003-4082-3055
Türkiye
Ceyda Suskun
0009-0004-2979-3398
Türkiye
Atakan Yenidünya
0009-0001-8957-5710
Türkiye
Publication Date
October 10, 2026
Submission Date
April 18, 2026
Acceptance Date
July 6, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 19 Number: 4
