Research Article

Early Postoperative Changes in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Following Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study Using the DASS-21

Volume: 19 Number: 4 October 10, 2026
EN TR

Early Postoperative Changes in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Following Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study Using the DASS-21

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate changes in depression, anxiety, and stress before and during the early postoperative period following cataract surgery using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 103 patients who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation at Pamukkale University Ophthalmology Department between May and December 2025. Depression, anxiety, and stress levels were assessed using the Turkish version of the DASS-21 questionnaire preoperatively and on postoperative day 10. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded at both visits and converted to logMAR values. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and correlations between changes in BCVA and DASS-21 scores were evaluated using correlation analyses. Results: The study included 44 (42.7%) men and 59 (57.3%) women with a mean age of 68.04 ± 12.06 years. Mean BCVA improved significantly from 1.31 ± 0.93 logMAR preoperatively to 0.19 ± 0.26 logMAR postoperatively (p < 0.001). Anxiety scores decreased significantly from 3.51 ± 3.03 to 3.09 ± 3.13 (p < 0.001), and stress scores decreased from 3.66 ± 3.03 to 3.24 ± 3.24 (p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed in depression scores between the preoperative and postoperative assessments (2.94 ± 3.02 vs. 2.93 ± 3.17, p = 0.800). Changes in BCVA were not significantly correlated with changes in depression, anxiety, or stress scores (all p > 0.05). Conclusion: Cataract surgery was associated with significant reductions in anxiety and stress during the early postoperative period, whereas depression scores remained unchanged. The absence of improvement in depressive symptoms may be related to the short follow-up period. Additional studies with longer-term follow-up are needed to clarify the long-term psychological effects of cataract surgery.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

No funding was received for this study.

Ethical Statement

This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Pamukkale University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (Approval No: 06, Date: 18 March 2025). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to enrollment.

Thanks

None

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Ophthalmology

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

October 10, 2026

Submission Date

July 9, 2026

Acceptance Date

September 10, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 19 Number: 4

APA
Kaya, H., & Yıldız, B. (2026). Early Postoperative Changes in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Following Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study Using the DASS-21. Pamukkale Medical Journal, 19(4), 805-811. https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1989543
AMA
1.Kaya H, Yıldız B. Early Postoperative Changes in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Following Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study Using the DASS-21. Pam Med J. 2026;19(4):805-811. doi:10.31362/patd.1989543
Chicago
Kaya, Hüseyin, and Beyzanur Yıldız. 2026. “Early Postoperative Changes in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Following Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study Using the DASS-21”. Pamukkale Medical Journal 19 (4): 805-11. https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1989543.
EndNote
Kaya H, Yıldız B (October 1, 2026) Early Postoperative Changes in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Following Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study Using the DASS-21. Pamukkale Medical Journal 19 4 805–811.
IEEE
[1]H. Kaya and B. Yıldız, “Early Postoperative Changes in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Following Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study Using the DASS-21”, Pam Med J, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 805–811, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.31362/patd.1989543.
ISNAD
Kaya, Hüseyin - Yıldız, Beyzanur. “Early Postoperative Changes in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Following Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study Using the DASS-21”. Pamukkale Medical Journal 19/4 (October 1, 2026): 805-811. https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1989543.
JAMA
1.Kaya H, Yıldız B. Early Postoperative Changes in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Following Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study Using the DASS-21. Pam Med J. 2026;19:805–811.
MLA
Kaya, Hüseyin, and Beyzanur Yıldız. “Early Postoperative Changes in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Following Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study Using the DASS-21”. Pamukkale Medical Journal, vol. 19, no. 4, Oct. 2026, pp. 805-11, doi:10.31362/patd.1989543.
Vancouver
1.Hüseyin Kaya, Beyzanur Yıldız. Early Postoperative Changes in Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Following Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study Using the DASS-21. Pam Med J. 2026 Oct. 1;19(4):805-11. doi:10.31362/patd.1989543

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