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Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme için uygulanan sedasyonun çocuklardaki etkinliği ve güvenilirliği

Year 2020, , 357 - 362, 14.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.687309

Abstract

Amaç: Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme(MRG) görüntüleme için sedasyon uygulanan çocuklarda görülen komplikasyonları ve sedasyon için uygulanan ilaçların etkinliğini göstermeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya sedasyon verilerek MRG yapılan çocuklar dâhil edildi. Sedasyon öncesi hastaların fizik muayenesi yapılarak, vital bulguları ve SO2 düzeyleri ölçüldü. Sedasyon düzeyi Ramsay sedasyon skoru ile berlirlendi. Sedasyonun etkinliği radyolog tarafından belirlenen MRG kalite ölçeği ile değerlendirildi. Uygulanan ilaçların türleri ve vücut ağırlığına göre dozları kayıt edilerek, etkinlikleri değerlendirildi. MRG sonrasında hastaların vital bulguları, SO2 ve komplikasyonları tekrar değerlendirildi. Tüm analizler için SPSS 12 programı kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 112 hasta (E/K; 68/44) dâhil edildi. Hastaların ortalama yaşı 4,2±3,4 (3 ay-11 yaş) idi. 93 hastaya kraniyal MRG için sedasyon yapıldı. Sedasyon için 79 hastaya kloralhidrat, 9 hastaya midazolam, 7 hastaya klorpromazin, 21 hastaya antihistaminik ve 4 hastaya da ketamin uygulandı.Bazı hastaarda birden çok ilaç verilmişti. Antihistaminiklerin sedasyon yapıcı etkisi yetersiz bulundu. Sedasyonla ilişkili en yaygın görülen komplikasyon gastrointestinal irritasyondu. Yedi hasta (%6) da MRG sonrasında ciddi hipoksi görüldü. Çoğunluğu 1 yaş altındaydı. MRG süresi ve kalp hızı arasında negatif bir ilişki saptandı.
Sonuç: Oral yolla sedasyon verilmesi gastrointestinal komplikasyonları artırmaktadır. Özellikle bir yaşın altındaki infantlar diğer çocuklara oranla MRG ile ilişkili sedasyon sonrasında hipoksiye daha yatkındır. Antihistaminiklerin sedasyon için etkisiz olduğu görülmüştür.

References

  • 1. Wheeler DS, Jensen RA, Poss WB. A randomized, blinded comparison of chloral hydrate and midazolam sedation in children undergoing echocardiography. Clin Pediatr 2001;40:381-387.
  • 2. Hubbard AM, Markowitz RI, Kimmel B, Kroger M, Bartko MB. Sedation for pediatric patients undergoing CT and MRG. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1992;1:3-6.
  • 3. Malviya S, Voepel-Lewis T, Eldevik OP, Rockwell DT, Wong JH, Tait AR. Sedation and general anaesthesia in children undergoing MRG and CT:adverse events and outcomes. Br J Anaesth 2000;84:743-738.
  • 4. Burk NS. Anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging. Anesth Clin North Am 1989;7:707-721.
  • 5. Sury MR, Smith JH. Deep sedation and minimal anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth 2008;18:18-24.
  • 6. Bracken J, Heaslip I, Ryan S. Chloralhydrate sedation in radiology:retrospective audit of reduced dose. Pediatr Radiol 2012;42:349-354.
  • 7. Wolters U, Wolf T, Stutzer H, Schroder T. ASA classification and perioperative variables as predictors of postoperative outcome. Br J Anaesth 1996;77:217-222.
  • 8. Ramsay MA, Savege TM, Simpson BR, Goodwin R. Controlled sedation with alphaxalone-alphadolone. Br Med J 1974;2:656-659.
  • 9. Uludağ, Ö, Kaya R, Tutak A, Doğukan M, Çelik M, Dumlupınar E. Effect of anesthesia applied for magnetic resonance imaging on the body temperature of pediatric patients. Cureus 2019;20:5705.
  • 10. Green SM, Klooster M, Harris T, Lynch EL, Rothrock SG. Ketamine sedation for pediatric gastroenterology procedures. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2001;32:26-33.
  • 11. Ruess L, O’Connor SC, Mikita CP, Creamer KM. Sedation for pediatric diagnostic imaging: use of pediatric and nursing resources as an alternative to a radiology department sedation team. Pediatr Radiol 2002;32:505-510.
  • 12. Sanborn PA, Michna E, Zurakowski D et al. Adverse cardiovascular and respiratory events during sedation of pediatric patients for imaging examinations. Radiology 2005;237:288-294.
  • 13. Olacke B, Nelson T, Sarvas E, Scott JM. A retrospective study of dosing weight and outcomes for one pediatric dental sedation regimen. Pediatric Dentistry 2018;40:346-351.
  • 14. Malviya S, Voepel-Lewis T, Tait AR. Adverse events and risk factors associated with the sedation of children by nonanesthesiologists. Anesth Analg 1997;85:1207-1213.

The efficacy and safety of sedation in children who undergone magnetic resonance imaging

Year 2020, , 357 - 362, 14.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.687309

Abstract

Aim: We aimed to reveal the complications and efficay of sedative drugs in children who sedatized for magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).
Material and method: The children who undergone MRI with sedation were included in the study. Before the procedure, vital signs and peripheric oxygen saturation(SO2) of the patients were recorded. The level of sedation was determined by using Ramsay sedation score. The efficacy of sedation was determined by using the quality of MRI score which is voted by radiologist. The sedative agents for sedation is also recorded acording to dosage per body weight. At the end of procedure vital signs, compliactions and SO2 was reevaluated. All analysis of data was made by using SPSS 12.0 program.
Results: Totaly 112 patients 68(60%) male and 44(39%) were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 4,2±3,4 (3 month-11 years). Ninety three patients had sedation for cranial imaging. Drugs for patients sedation had as floows: 79 had chloralhydrate, 9 had midazolam, 7 had chlorpromazine, 21 had antihistaminic and 4 had ketamine. The most ineffective drug for sedation were antihistaminics. The most common complication was gastrointestinal irritation. Seven patients(6%) had severe hypoxia after MRI procedure. Most of them were under 1 years old. There was a negative correlation between the duration of MRG and heart rate.
Conclusion: Oral administration of sedative agents may lead to gastrointestinal compliactions. Particularly the infants under one year old tends to develop hypoxia after MRI related sedation. Antihistaminic agents are ineffective for sedation.

References

  • 1. Wheeler DS, Jensen RA, Poss WB. A randomized, blinded comparison of chloral hydrate and midazolam sedation in children undergoing echocardiography. Clin Pediatr 2001;40:381-387.
  • 2. Hubbard AM, Markowitz RI, Kimmel B, Kroger M, Bartko MB. Sedation for pediatric patients undergoing CT and MRG. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1992;1:3-6.
  • 3. Malviya S, Voepel-Lewis T, Eldevik OP, Rockwell DT, Wong JH, Tait AR. Sedation and general anaesthesia in children undergoing MRG and CT:adverse events and outcomes. Br J Anaesth 2000;84:743-738.
  • 4. Burk NS. Anesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging. Anesth Clin North Am 1989;7:707-721.
  • 5. Sury MR, Smith JH. Deep sedation and minimal anesthesia. Paediatr Anaesth 2008;18:18-24.
  • 6. Bracken J, Heaslip I, Ryan S. Chloralhydrate sedation in radiology:retrospective audit of reduced dose. Pediatr Radiol 2012;42:349-354.
  • 7. Wolters U, Wolf T, Stutzer H, Schroder T. ASA classification and perioperative variables as predictors of postoperative outcome. Br J Anaesth 1996;77:217-222.
  • 8. Ramsay MA, Savege TM, Simpson BR, Goodwin R. Controlled sedation with alphaxalone-alphadolone. Br Med J 1974;2:656-659.
  • 9. Uludağ, Ö, Kaya R, Tutak A, Doğukan M, Çelik M, Dumlupınar E. Effect of anesthesia applied for magnetic resonance imaging on the body temperature of pediatric patients. Cureus 2019;20:5705.
  • 10. Green SM, Klooster M, Harris T, Lynch EL, Rothrock SG. Ketamine sedation for pediatric gastroenterology procedures. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2001;32:26-33.
  • 11. Ruess L, O’Connor SC, Mikita CP, Creamer KM. Sedation for pediatric diagnostic imaging: use of pediatric and nursing resources as an alternative to a radiology department sedation team. Pediatr Radiol 2002;32:505-510.
  • 12. Sanborn PA, Michna E, Zurakowski D et al. Adverse cardiovascular and respiratory events during sedation of pediatric patients for imaging examinations. Radiology 2005;237:288-294.
  • 13. Olacke B, Nelson T, Sarvas E, Scott JM. A retrospective study of dosing weight and outcomes for one pediatric dental sedation regimen. Pediatric Dentistry 2018;40:346-351.
  • 14. Malviya S, Voepel-Lewis T, Tait AR. Adverse events and risk factors associated with the sedation of children by nonanesthesiologists. Anesth Analg 1997;85:1207-1213.
There are 14 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Paediatrics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Halil Kocamaz 0000-0002-3366-1695

Mehmet Taş This is me 0000-0001-9714-7188

Publication Date May 14, 2020
Submission Date February 10, 2020
Acceptance Date March 16, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

AMA Kocamaz H, Taş M. Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme için uygulanan sedasyonun çocuklardaki etkinliği ve güvenilirliği. Pam Tıp Derg. May 2020;13(2):357-362. doi:10.31362/patd.687309
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