Kriptokokkoz için risk faktörü olarak Alanya şehir merkezinde Cryptococcus neoformans kolonizasyonunun ilk izolasyonu
Abstract
Amaç: Bağışıklığı baskılanmış insanlarda ve hayvanlarda yaşamı tehdit eden enfeksiyonlara neden olabilen Cryptococcus neoformans ve Cryptococcus gattii, çevresel odaklardan hassas olan konağa bulaşır. Patojen biyoklimatik değişkenlere uygun şekilde çevresel kolonizasyon gösterir. Daha önceki MaxEnt makine öğrenmesi ile yapılan analizlerde, Alanya bölgesi muhtemel kolonizasyon bölgesi olarak saptanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülkemiz için önemli bir turizm bölgesi olan Alanya ve yakın çevresindeki kovuklu ağaç florasında C. neoformans ve C. gattii kolonizasyonunun araştırılmasıdır.
Gereç ve yöntem: Alanya şehir merkezi ve yakınındaki Dim çayı çevresinden, üzerinde geniş kovuk olduğu belirlenen 49 zeytin (Olea europea), 17 keçiboynuzu (Ceratonia siliqua) ve 13 okaliptüs (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) olmak üzere toplam 79 ağaçtan standart eküvyon yöntemi ile örnekleme yapıldı. Bifenil ve kloramfenikol içeren Staib agar kültür için kullanıldı. Üreyen maya benzeri, kahverengi pigmentli koloniler konvansiyonel yöntemler ve kanavanin-glisin-bromtimol agar reaksiyonu ile tanımlandı.
Bulgular: Alanya şehir merkezinde sadece bir (%2,04) zeytin (O. europea) ağacında C. neoformans kolonizasyonu saptandı.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, C. neoformans'ın Türkiye'nin önemli turizm kenti olan Alanya şehir merkezinden izole ettiği ilk çevresel kolonizasyonu rapor edilmiştir. Çevresel insan patojenik mantarlarının kolonizasyonu için ülkemizin insan yerleşimlerinin ve turizm potansiyeli yüksek bölgelerinin sistematik olarak taranması riskli alanların bulunmasına yardımcı olacaktır.
Supporting Institution
Yoktur
Project Number
Yoktur
Thanks
Yoktur
References
- Hilmioglu-Polat S, Seyedmousavi S, Ilkit M, et al. Estimated burden of serious human fungal diseases in Turkey. Mycoses 2019;62:22-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12842
- Birinci A, Tanrıverdi Çaycı Y, Alakbarova G. Bir üniversite hastanesinde kriptokokkoz olguları. Turk Mikrobiyol Cemiy Derg 2016;46:188-190. https://doi.org/10.5222/TMCD.2016.188
- Cogliati M, D'Amicis R, Zani A, et al. Environmental distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii around the Mediterranean basin. FEMS Yeast Res 2016;16:fow045. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsyr/fow045
- Ergin C, Ilkit M, Hilmioglu S, et al. The first isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from Eucalyptus trees in South Aegean and Mediterranean Regions of Anatolia in Turkey despite Taurus Mountains alkalinity. Mycopathologia 2004;158:43-47. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:myco.0000038431.72591.7e
- Ergin C, Kaleli I. Denizli şehir merkezinde kovuklu ağaç gövdelerinden Cryptococcus neoformans izolasyonu. Mikrobiyol Bul 2010;44:79-85.
- Ergin C, Sengul M, Aksoy L, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans recovered from olive trees (Olea europaea) in Turkey reveal allopatry with African and South American lineages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019;9:384. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00384
- Gökçen H, Ergin Ç. Muğla Milas ilçe yerleşimi bölgesi Eucalyptus camaldulensis ağaçlarından Cryptococcus neoformans izolasyonu. Pam Tıp Derg 2014;7:109-112. https://doi.org/10.5505/ptd.2014.71676
- Tümbay E. İzmir yöresinde Cryptococcus neoformans ve kriptokokkoz. I. Kısım. Cryptococcus neoformans'in doğal kaynaklardan izolasyonu. Tübitak VI Bilim Kongresi Tıp Araştırma Grubu Tebliğleri, Ankara. 1977:339-366.
- Kwon-Chung KJ, Fraser JA, Doering TL, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014;4:a019760. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a019760
- Springer DJ, Mohan R, Heitman J. Plants promote mating and dispersal of the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus. PLoS One 2017;12:e0171695. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171695
- Maliehe M, Ntoi MA, Lahiri S, et al. Environmental factors that contribute to the maintenance of Cryptococcus neoformans pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2020;8:180. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020180
- Ergin C, Sengul M, Dogen A, Ilkit M. Türkiye genelinde Cryptococcus neoformans'ın tür dağılımının tahmini. Mikrobiyol Bul 2019;53:233-238. https://doi.org/10.5578/mb.67999
- Randhawa HS, Kowshik T, Khan ZU. Efficacy of swabbing versus a conventional technique for isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from decayed wood in tree trunk hollows. Med Mycol 2005;43:67-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/13693780410001712025
- Cogliati M, Desnos-Ollivier M, McCormick-Smith I, et al. Genotypes and population genetics of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes in Europe and the mediterranean area. Fungal Genet Biol 2019;129:16-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2019.04.001
- Cogliati M, Zani A, Rickerts V, et al. Multilocus sequence typing analysis reveals that Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans is a recombinant population. Fungal Genet Biol 2016;87:22-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2016.01.003
- Cogliati M, Puccianti E, Montagna MT, et al. Fundamental niche prediction of the pathogenic yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Europe. Environ Microbiol 2017;19:4318-4325. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13915
- Acheson ES, Galanis E, Bartlett K, Mak S, Klinkenberg B. Searching for clues for eighteen years: deciphering the ecological determinants of Cryptococcus gattii on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Med Mycol 2018;56:129-144. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myx037
- Unat EK, Pars B, Kosyak J. Bir kolon cryptococcosis’i vak'ası. İst Ünv Tıp Fak Mecm 1960;22:1318-1350.
- Gokengin D, Doroudi F, Tohme J, Collins B, Madani N. HIV/AIDS: trends in the Middle East and North Africa region. Int J Infect Dis 2016;44:66-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2015.11.008
- Karaman E, Ilkit M, Kuscu F. Identification of Cryptococcus antigen in human immunodeficiency virus-positive Turkish patients by using the Dynamiker® lateral flow assay. Mycoses 2019;62:961-968. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12969
- Schmertmann LJ, Irinyi L, Malik R, Powell JR, Meyer W, Krockenberger MB. The mycobiome of Australian tree hollows in relation to the Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans species complexes. Ecol Evol 2019;9:9684-9700. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5498
- Pham CD, Ahn S, Turner LA, Wohrle R, Lockhart SR. Development and validation of benomyl birdseed agar for the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii from environmental samples. Med Mycol 2014;52:417-421. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myt028
First isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans colonization in Alanya city center as a risk factor for cryptococcosis
Abstract
Purpose: Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, which can cause life-threatening infections in immunocompromised humans and animals, is spreading from environmental niches to the susceptible host. It shows environmental colonization in accordance with pathogen bioclimatic variables. In the previous analyzes made with MaxEnt machine learning, the possible colonization area of Alanya region was determined. The aim of this study is to screen the colonization of C. neoformans and C. gattii in the hollow trees of Alanya and its nearby Dim River, which is an important tourism region for our country.
Materials and methods: Standard swabbing technique was used for sampling from 79 trees in total as 49 olives (Olea europea), 17 carob (Ceratonia siliqua) and 13 eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), which were determined to have large hollows on the city center of Alanya and around the Dim River. Staib agar (supplemented with biphenyl and chloramphenicol) were used for cultivation period. Yeast-like, brown pigmented colonies were identified with conventional methods and canavanine-glycine-bromtimol agar reactions.
Results. Only one (2.04%) olive (O. europea) tree resulted colonized by C. neoformans at the city center of Alanya.
Conclusion: In this study, the first environmental colonization of C. neoformans isolate from Alanya city center as significant tourism center of Turkey, was reported. Systematic screening of human settlements and regions of our country with high tourism potential for the presence of colonization of environmental human pathogenic fungi will help to find risky areas.
Project Number
Yoktur
References
- Hilmioglu-Polat S, Seyedmousavi S, Ilkit M, et al. Estimated burden of serious human fungal diseases in Turkey. Mycoses 2019;62:22-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12842
- Birinci A, Tanrıverdi Çaycı Y, Alakbarova G. Bir üniversite hastanesinde kriptokokkoz olguları. Turk Mikrobiyol Cemiy Derg 2016;46:188-190. https://doi.org/10.5222/TMCD.2016.188
- Cogliati M, D'Amicis R, Zani A, et al. Environmental distribution of Cryptococcus neoformans and C. gattii around the Mediterranean basin. FEMS Yeast Res 2016;16:fow045. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsyr/fow045
- Ergin C, Ilkit M, Hilmioglu S, et al. The first isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from Eucalyptus trees in South Aegean and Mediterranean Regions of Anatolia in Turkey despite Taurus Mountains alkalinity. Mycopathologia 2004;158:43-47. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:myco.0000038431.72591.7e
- Ergin C, Kaleli I. Denizli şehir merkezinde kovuklu ağaç gövdelerinden Cryptococcus neoformans izolasyonu. Mikrobiyol Bul 2010;44:79-85.
- Ergin C, Sengul M, Aksoy L, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans recovered from olive trees (Olea europaea) in Turkey reveal allopatry with African and South American lineages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019;9:384. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00384
- Gökçen H, Ergin Ç. Muğla Milas ilçe yerleşimi bölgesi Eucalyptus camaldulensis ağaçlarından Cryptococcus neoformans izolasyonu. Pam Tıp Derg 2014;7:109-112. https://doi.org/10.5505/ptd.2014.71676
- Tümbay E. İzmir yöresinde Cryptococcus neoformans ve kriptokokkoz. I. Kısım. Cryptococcus neoformans'in doğal kaynaklardan izolasyonu. Tübitak VI Bilim Kongresi Tıp Araştırma Grubu Tebliğleri, Ankara. 1977:339-366.
- Kwon-Chung KJ, Fraser JA, Doering TL, et al. Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, the etiologic agents of cryptococcosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2014;4:a019760. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a019760
- Springer DJ, Mohan R, Heitman J. Plants promote mating and dispersal of the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus. PLoS One 2017;12:e0171695. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171695
- Maliehe M, Ntoi MA, Lahiri S, et al. Environmental factors that contribute to the maintenance of Cryptococcus neoformans pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2020;8:180. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020180
- Ergin C, Sengul M, Dogen A, Ilkit M. Türkiye genelinde Cryptococcus neoformans'ın tür dağılımının tahmini. Mikrobiyol Bul 2019;53:233-238. https://doi.org/10.5578/mb.67999
- Randhawa HS, Kowshik T, Khan ZU. Efficacy of swabbing versus a conventional technique for isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans from decayed wood in tree trunk hollows. Med Mycol 2005;43:67-71. https://doi.org/10.1080/13693780410001712025
- Cogliati M, Desnos-Ollivier M, McCormick-Smith I, et al. Genotypes and population genetics of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complexes in Europe and the mediterranean area. Fungal Genet Biol 2019;129:16-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2019.04.001
- Cogliati M, Zani A, Rickerts V, et al. Multilocus sequence typing analysis reveals that Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans is a recombinant population. Fungal Genet Biol 2016;87:22-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fgb.2016.01.003
- Cogliati M, Puccianti E, Montagna MT, et al. Fundamental niche prediction of the pathogenic yeasts Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Europe. Environ Microbiol 2017;19:4318-4325. https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.13915
- Acheson ES, Galanis E, Bartlett K, Mak S, Klinkenberg B. Searching for clues for eighteen years: deciphering the ecological determinants of Cryptococcus gattii on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Med Mycol 2018;56:129-144. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myx037
- Unat EK, Pars B, Kosyak J. Bir kolon cryptococcosis’i vak'ası. İst Ünv Tıp Fak Mecm 1960;22:1318-1350.
- Gokengin D, Doroudi F, Tohme J, Collins B, Madani N. HIV/AIDS: trends in the Middle East and North Africa region. Int J Infect Dis 2016;44:66-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2015.11.008
- Karaman E, Ilkit M, Kuscu F. Identification of Cryptococcus antigen in human immunodeficiency virus-positive Turkish patients by using the Dynamiker® lateral flow assay. Mycoses 2019;62:961-968. https://doi.org/10.1111/myc.12969
- Schmertmann LJ, Irinyi L, Malik R, Powell JR, Meyer W, Krockenberger MB. The mycobiome of Australian tree hollows in relation to the Cryptococcus gattii and C. neoformans species complexes. Ecol Evol 2019;9:9684-9700. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5498
- Pham CD, Ahn S, Turner LA, Wohrle R, Lockhart SR. Development and validation of benomyl birdseed agar for the isolation of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii from environmental samples. Med Mycol 2014;52:417-421. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myt028
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Medical Microbiology |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | Yoktur |
| Publication Date | January 1, 2022 |
| Submission Date | February 3, 2021 |
| Acceptance Date | May 24, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 15 Issue: 1 |
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