Demineralization effects of breast milk, formula milk and cow’s milk on the primary teeth. A study of SEM-EDX analysis

Year 2024, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 510 - 519, 05.07.2024

Ceylan Çağıl Ertuğrul

https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1434306

Abstract

Purpose: It was aimed to investigate demineralization effects of breast milk, formula milk and cow's milk on deciduous teeth with SEM-EDX analysis.
Materials and methods: Demineralization effects of breast milk (Group 1), 3 different formula milks: Aptamil Pronutra-3 (Group 2), Hipp Organic-3 (Group 3), SmA Optipro-2 (Group 4) and cow's milk (Group 5) on newly extracted caries-free primary incisors were investigated on 5 teeth in each group. Each tooth was split in the sagittal direction from the midline and embedded in 2 separate acrylic blocks with their labial surfaces exposed. Half of the teeth was exposed to the milk material for 15 minutes, 4 times a day for 5 days, while the other half was kept in artificial saliva only. After the exposures, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the labial surfaces were taken and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) analyzes were performed. For the statistical analysis Independent-Samples T test, Man Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test were used.
Results: The most increased enamel porosity was seen in Group 2. A significant decrease was observed in the amount of Ca on tooth surfaces exposed to breast milk and formula milks, and a significant increase in the amount of both Ca and P after exposure to cow's milk (p=0.009). The decrease observed in the amount of Ca after exposure to breast milk was significantly higher than that of formula milks (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Formula milk and breast milk are not innocent in terms of causing demineralization, therefore awareness of parents and dentists on this issue should be increased.

Keywords

Breast milk, formula milk, Cow’s milk, demineralization, SEM-EDX analysis

Ethical Statement

Permission was obtained from Pamukkale University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee for the study (permission date:03 March,.2020/number:5).

Supporting Institution

This research is supported by Pamukkale University Scientific Research Projects Department (Project number: 2020BSP008).

Project Number

2020BSP008

Thanks

Lots of thanks to Asst. Prof. Dr. Berna Kavakçıoğlu Yardımcı from Pamukkale University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry for the preparation of artificial saliva used in the experiments.

Anne sütü, formül süt ve inek sütünün süt dişleri üzerindeki demineralizasyon etkileri. Bir SEM-EDX analizi çalışması

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmada anne sütü, formül süt ve inek sütünün süt dişleri üzerindeki demineralizasyon etkilerinin SEM-EDX analizi ile araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve yöntem: Anne sütü (Grup 1), 3 farklı formül süt: Aptamil Pronutra-3 (Grup 2), Hipp Organik-3 (Grup 3), SmA Optipro-2 (Grup 4) ve inek sütünün (Grup 5) demineralizasyon etkileri her bir grupta 5 yeni çekilmiş çürüksüz süt kesici dişi üzerinde incelenmiştir. Her diş orta hattan sagittal yönde ikiye bölünerek labial yüzeyleri açıkta kalacak şekilde 2 ayrı akrilik bloğa gömülmüştür. Açıkta kalan diş yüzeyinin yarısı 5 gün boyunca günde 4 kez 15 dakika süreyle incelenecek süt materyaline maruz bırakılırken, diğer yarısı ise sadece yapay tükürük içerisinde tutulmuştur. Deney materyallerine maruziyet sonrası diş yüzeylerinin Taramalı Elektron Mikroskobu (SEM) görüntüleri alınmış ve Enerji Dağılımlı X-ışını Spektroskopisi (EDX) analizleri yapılmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel analizinde Independent-Samples T testi, Man Whitney U ve Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: En fazla artan mine pürüzlülüğü Grup 2'de görülmüştür. Anne sütü ve formül sütlere maruz kalan diş yüzeylerinde Ca miktarında anlamlı azalma, inek sütüne maruz kalan diş yüzeylerinde ise hem Ca hem de P miktarında anlamlı artış gözlenmiştir (p=0,009). Anne sütüne maruz kaldıktan sonra Ca miktarında gözlenen azalma, formül sütlere göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p=0,001).
Sonuç: Bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre bebeklik döneminde yaygın kullanılan formül sütler ve anne sütü süt dişlerinde demineralizasyona neden olması açısından şüphe uyandırmaktadır, bu nedenle ebeveynlerin ve diş hekimlerinin bu konuda farkındalığı arttırılmalıdır.

Keywords

Anne sütü, formül süt, inek sütü, demineralizasyon, SEM-EDX analizi

Project Number

2020BSP008

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