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Evaluation of infarct types and related cerebral vessels in the presence of different risk factors by three-dimensional (3D) imaging methods in patients with ischemia

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 10 - 10

Abstract

Purpose: The factors that predispose to stroke are defined as risk factors. The subtypes of stroke can be classified by considering the changeable risk factor and its relationship with stroke. The aim of this study is It is the examination of infarction types and related brain vessels in the presence of different risk factors in ischemia patients by rendering three-dimensional (3D) cross-sectional ischemic damaged brain regions on magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) images obtained from patients.
Material and methods: 105 patients (53 male, 52 female) with ischemia and 50 normal (23 male, 27 female) members of control group were participated in the study. A number of cross-sectional images (transverse, sagittal and coronal sectiones) were reconstructed on computer. Infarct types were classified as atherosclerotic, cardioembolic, lacunar, cryptogenic and transient ischemic attacks. The infarct size was determined in infarct types in patients with hypertension, diabetes, smoker and coronary artery disease. The arteries that irrigate the infarct area were classified. The most infarcted arteries and the largest infarcted arteries were evaluated statistically.
Results: Infarct types were anatomically correlated with their infarct size and the arteries causing infarction. Thus, which arteries cause which types of infarcts in which risk factors are described firstly in the literature.
Conclusion: The infarct size in the brain is of great clinical importance. It has been observed that clinical findings become more pronounced as infarct size increases. This situation varies according to the localization of ischemia. The risk factors and types of infarcts vary in men and women. These results are thought to be the basis for explaining the mechanisms of clinical findings.

References

  • 1. Çoban O. Faktörleri "İç: Öge E. Nöroloji." İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Temel ve Klinik Bilimler Ders Kitapları. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri 2004:20:193-199.
  • 2. Adams HP Jr, Davis PH, Leira EC, et al. Baseline NIH Stroke Scale score strongly predicts outcome after stroke: A report of the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST). Neurology. 1999;53(1):126-131. doi:10.1212/wnl.53.1.126
  • 3. Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, Burn J, Warlow C. Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction. Lancet. 1991;337(8756):1521-1526. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)93206-o
  • 4. Trelease RB. Anatomical informatics: Millennial perspectives on a newer frontier. Anat Rec. 2002;269(5):224-235. doi:10.1002/ar.10177
  • 5. Rosset A, Spadola L, Ratib O. OsiriX: an open-source software for navigating in multidimensional DICOM images. J Digit Imaging. 2004;17(3):205-216. doi:10.1007/s10278-004-1014-6
  • 6. Wu LA, Malouf JF, Dearani JA, et al. Patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic stroke: current understanding and management options. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(9):950-956. doi:10.1001/archinte.164.9.950
  • 7. Yasaka M, Otsubo R, Oe H, Minematsu K. Is stroke a paradoxical embolism in patients with patent foramen ovale?. Intern Med. 2005;44(5):434-438. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.44.434
  • 8. Desai AJ, Fuller CJ, Jesurum JT, Reisman M. Patent foramen ovale and cerebrovascular diseases. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2006;3(8):446-455. doi:10.1038/ncpcardio0597
  • 9. Rexrode KM. Emerging risk factors in women. Stroke. 2010Oct:41(10 Suppl):S9-11. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.595280
  • 10. Reed DM. The paradox of high risk of stroke in populations with low risk of coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;131(4):579-588. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115542
  • 11. Whelton PK, He J, Appel LJ, et al. Primary prevention of hypertension: clinical and public health advisory from The National High Blood Pressure Education Program. JAMA. 2002;288(15):1882-1888. doi:10.1001/jama.288.15.1882
  • 12. Manolio TA, Kronmal RA, Burke GL, O'Leary DH, Price TR. Short-term predictors of incident stroke in older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke. 1996;27(9):1479-1486. doi:10.1161/01.str.27.9.1479
  • 13. Chimowitz MI, Mancini GB. Asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with stroke. Prevalence, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment. Stroke. 1992;23(3):433-436. doi:10.1161/01.str.23.3.433
  • 14. Chimowitz MI, Poole RM, Starling MR, Schwaiger M, Gross MD. Frequency and severity of asymptomatic coronary disease in patients with different causes of stroke. Stroke. 1997;28(5):941-945. doi:10.1161/01.str.28.5.941
  • 15. Sen S, Oppenheimer SM. Cardiac disorders and stroke. Curr Opin Neurol. 1998;11(1):51-56. doi:10.1097/00019052-199802000-00009
  • 16. Goldstein LB, Bushnell CD, Adams RJ, et al. Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association [published correction appears in Stroke. 2011 Feb;42(2):e26]. Stroke. 2011;42(2):517-584. doi:10.1161/STR.0b013e3181fcb238

İskemi hastalarında farklı risk faktörlerinin varlığında enfarktüs tipleri ve ilişkili beyin damarlarının üç boyutlu (3D) görüntüleme yöntemleri ile değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 10 - 10

Abstract

Amaç: İnmeye zemin hazırlayan faktörler risk faktörleri olarak tanımlanmaktadır. İnmenin alt tipleri, değişken risk faktörü ve bunun inme ile ilişkisi dikkate alınarak sınıflandırılabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı iskemi hastalarında farklı risk faktörlerinin varlığında enfarktüs tipleri ve ilgili beyin damarlarının, hastalardan elde edilen manyetik rezonans (MR) ve bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) görüntüleri üzerinde kesitsel iskemik hasarlı beyin bölgelerinin üç boyutlu (3D) hale getirilerek incelenmesidir.
Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya 105 iskemi hastası (53 erkek, 52 kadın) ve 50 normal (23 erkek, 27 kadın) kontrol grubu üyesi katıldı. Bir dizi kesitsel görüntü (enine, sagittal ve koronal kesitler) bilgisayarda yeniden oluşturuldu. Enfarktüs tipleri aterosklerotik, kardiyoembolik, laküner, kriptojenik ve geçici iskemik ataklar olarak sınıflandırıldı. Hipertansiyon, diyabet, sigara içen ve koroner arter hastalığı olan hastalarda enfarktüs tipine göre enfarktüs boyutu belirlendi. Enfarktüs alanını sulayan arterler sınıflandırıldı. En çok enfarktüslü arterler ve en büyük enfarktüslü arterler istatistiksel olarak değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Enfarktüs tipleri anatomik olarak enfarkt boyutu ve enfarktüse neden olan arterlerle ilişkiliydi. Böylece literatürde ilk olarak hangi arterlerin hangi tip enfarktüslere, hangi risk faktörlerine neden olduğu anlatılmaktadır.
Sonuç: Beyindeki enfarktüs büyüklüğü klinik açıdan büyük önem taşımaktadır. Enfarktüs boyutu arttıkça klinik bulguların daha belirgin hale geldiği gözlenmiştir. Bu durum iskemi lokalizasyonuna göre değişmektedir. Risk faktörleri ve enfarktüs türleri kadın ve erkeklerde farklılık gösterir. Bu sonuçların klinik bulguların mekanizmalarını açıklamada temel oluşturacağı düşünülmektedir.

References

  • 1. Çoban O. Faktörleri "İç: Öge E. Nöroloji." İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Temel ve Klinik Bilimler Ders Kitapları. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri 2004:20:193-199.
  • 2. Adams HP Jr, Davis PH, Leira EC, et al. Baseline NIH Stroke Scale score strongly predicts outcome after stroke: A report of the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST). Neurology. 1999;53(1):126-131. doi:10.1212/wnl.53.1.126
  • 3. Bamford J, Sandercock P, Dennis M, Burn J, Warlow C. Classification and natural history of clinically identifiable subtypes of cerebral infarction. Lancet. 1991;337(8756):1521-1526. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)93206-o
  • 4. Trelease RB. Anatomical informatics: Millennial perspectives on a newer frontier. Anat Rec. 2002;269(5):224-235. doi:10.1002/ar.10177
  • 5. Rosset A, Spadola L, Ratib O. OsiriX: an open-source software for navigating in multidimensional DICOM images. J Digit Imaging. 2004;17(3):205-216. doi:10.1007/s10278-004-1014-6
  • 6. Wu LA, Malouf JF, Dearani JA, et al. Patent foramen ovale in cryptogenic stroke: current understanding and management options. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(9):950-956. doi:10.1001/archinte.164.9.950
  • 7. Yasaka M, Otsubo R, Oe H, Minematsu K. Is stroke a paradoxical embolism in patients with patent foramen ovale?. Intern Med. 2005;44(5):434-438. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.44.434
  • 8. Desai AJ, Fuller CJ, Jesurum JT, Reisman M. Patent foramen ovale and cerebrovascular diseases. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2006;3(8):446-455. doi:10.1038/ncpcardio0597
  • 9. Rexrode KM. Emerging risk factors in women. Stroke. 2010Oct:41(10 Suppl):S9-11. doi: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.110.595280
  • 10. Reed DM. The paradox of high risk of stroke in populations with low risk of coronary heart disease. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;131(4):579-588. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115542
  • 11. Whelton PK, He J, Appel LJ, et al. Primary prevention of hypertension: clinical and public health advisory from The National High Blood Pressure Education Program. JAMA. 2002;288(15):1882-1888. doi:10.1001/jama.288.15.1882
  • 12. Manolio TA, Kronmal RA, Burke GL, O'Leary DH, Price TR. Short-term predictors of incident stroke in older adults. The Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke. 1996;27(9):1479-1486. doi:10.1161/01.str.27.9.1479
  • 13. Chimowitz MI, Mancini GB. Asymptomatic coronary artery disease in patients with stroke. Prevalence, prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment. Stroke. 1992;23(3):433-436. doi:10.1161/01.str.23.3.433
  • 14. Chimowitz MI, Poole RM, Starling MR, Schwaiger M, Gross MD. Frequency and severity of asymptomatic coronary disease in patients with different causes of stroke. Stroke. 1997;28(5):941-945. doi:10.1161/01.str.28.5.941
  • 15. Sen S, Oppenheimer SM. Cardiac disorders and stroke. Curr Opin Neurol. 1998;11(1):51-56. doi:10.1097/00019052-199802000-00009
  • 16. Goldstein LB, Bushnell CD, Adams RJ, et al. Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association [published correction appears in Stroke. 2011 Feb;42(2):e26]. Stroke. 2011;42(2):517-584. doi:10.1161/STR.0b013e3181fcb238
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Radiology and Organ Imaging, Anatomy
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ergin Sağtaş 0000-0001-6723-6593

Mehmet Bülent Özdemir 0000-0003-3826-5285

Early Pub Date February 3, 2025
Publication Date
Submission Date November 12, 2024
Acceptance Date February 3, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 18 Issue: 3

Cite

AMA Sağtaş E, Özdemir MB. Evaluation of infarct types and related cerebral vessels in the presence of different risk factors by three-dimensional (3D) imaging methods in patients with ischemia. Pam Med J. February 2025;18(3):10-10.

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