The Institutional Evolution of the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its Role in Foreign Policy-making (1808-1918)

Onur Birkan

The Institutional Evolution of the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its Role in Foreign Policy-making (1808-1918)

Abstract

During the height of the Ottoman Empire’s power, it applied and practiced ‘unilateral diplomacy’ and avoided reciprocity. However, at the end of the 18th century, the Ottoman Empire started to adopt ‘mutual diplomacy’, sending permanent ambassadors to European capitals. This process became institutionalized with the establishment of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1836. Following the establishment of the Ministry, changes and transformations occurred in its institutional structure, reflecting both the turbulence of the times and changes in the Empire itself. This article examines the evolution of the institutional structure of the Ottoman Foreign Ministry (Hariciye Nezâreti) and explores its changes and continuities between the years 1808–1918 as well as its role in the foreign policy-making process across two levels of analysis, reflecting both internal and external factors.

Keywords

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Turkish Foreign Policy

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Onur Birkan This is me
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 11, 2023

Submission Date

December 11, 2022

Acceptance Date

April 15, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 28 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA74KJ93ZW

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Birkan, O. (2023). The Institutional Evolution of the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its Role in Foreign Policy-making (1808-1918). PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, 28(1), 55-82. https://izlik.org/JA74KJ93ZW

AMA

1.Birkan O. The Institutional Evolution of the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its Role in Foreign Policy-making (1808-1918). PERCEPTIONS. 2023;28(1):55-82. https://izlik.org/JA74KJ93ZW

Chicago

Birkan, Onur. 2023. “The Institutional Evolution of the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Its Role in Foreign Policy-Making (1808-1918)”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 28 (1): 55-82. https://izlik.org/JA74KJ93ZW.

EndNote

Birkan O (July 1, 2023) The Institutional Evolution of the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its Role in Foreign Policy-making (1808-1918). PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 28 1 55–82.

IEEE

[1]O. Birkan, “The Institutional Evolution of the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its Role in Foreign Policy-making (1808-1918)”, PERCEPTIONS, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 55–82, July 2023, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA74KJ93ZW

ISNAD

Birkan, Onur. “The Institutional Evolution of the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Its Role in Foreign Policy-Making (1808-1918)”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 28/1 (July 1, 2023): 55-82. https://izlik.org/JA74KJ93ZW.

JAMA

1.Birkan O. The Institutional Evolution of the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its Role in Foreign Policy-making (1808-1918). PERCEPTIONS. 2023;28:55–82.

MLA

Birkan, Onur. “The Institutional Evolution of the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Its Role in Foreign Policy-Making (1808-1918)”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, vol. 28, no. 1, July 2023, pp. 55-82, https://izlik.org/JA74KJ93ZW.

Vancouver

1.Onur Birkan. The Institutional Evolution of the Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and its Role in Foreign Policy-making (1808-1918). PERCEPTIONS [Internet]. 2023 Jul. 1;28(1):55-82. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA74KJ93ZW