Research Article

Anglo-Ottoman Relations in the Gulf during the Reign of Abdulhamid II (1876-1909)

Volume: 28 Number: 2 December 26, 2023
  • Bilal Emre Biral
EN

Anglo-Ottoman Relations in the Gulf during the Reign of Abdulhamid II (1876-1909)

Abstract

This article sheds light on the relations between the Ottoman Empire and Britain with regard to the Gulf during the reign of Abdulhamid II (i.e. from 1876 to 1909). Anglo-Ottoman relations in the Gulf developed within the framework of the general deterioration of Anglo-Ottoman relations after the mid-1870s. Britain attached great importance to the Gulf due to the region’s position on the route to India and did not want the presence of any third power there. Britain tried to achieve this goal through its special relations – particularly by signing protection agreements – with the local sheikhs. On the other hand, as indicated in the Ottoman state documents, the Ottomans regarded Britain not only as a third party, but also as a threat to their empire’s presence in the region. Even though a number of factors limited the Ottomans’ capacity to challenge Britain, Abdulhamid II followed a realist policy that avoided steps which would empower and increase British dominance in the Gulf.

Keywords

References

  1. References are indicated in the article.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Politics in International Relations

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Bilal Emre Biral This is me
Türkiye

Publication Date

December 26, 2023

Submission Date

July 13, 2023

Acceptance Date

November 25, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 28 Number: 2

APA
Biral, B. E. (2023). Anglo-Ottoman Relations in the Gulf during the Reign of Abdulhamid II (1876-1909). PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, 28(2), 222-240. https://izlik.org/JA95TF67CG
AMA
1.Biral BE. Anglo-Ottoman Relations in the Gulf during the Reign of Abdulhamid II (1876-1909). PERCEPTIONS. 2023;28(2):222-240. https://izlik.org/JA95TF67CG
Chicago
Biral, Bilal Emre. 2023. “Anglo-Ottoman Relations in the Gulf During the Reign of Abdulhamid II (1876-1909)”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 28 (2): 222-40. https://izlik.org/JA95TF67CG.
EndNote
Biral BE (December 1, 2023) Anglo-Ottoman Relations in the Gulf during the Reign of Abdulhamid II (1876-1909). PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 28 2 222–240.
IEEE
[1]B. E. Biral, “Anglo-Ottoman Relations in the Gulf during the Reign of Abdulhamid II (1876-1909)”, PERCEPTIONS, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 222–240, Dec. 2023, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA95TF67CG
ISNAD
Biral, Bilal Emre. “Anglo-Ottoman Relations in the Gulf During the Reign of Abdulhamid II (1876-1909)”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 28/2 (December 1, 2023): 222-240. https://izlik.org/JA95TF67CG.
JAMA
1.Biral BE. Anglo-Ottoman Relations in the Gulf during the Reign of Abdulhamid II (1876-1909). PERCEPTIONS. 2023;28:222–240.
MLA
Biral, Bilal Emre. “Anglo-Ottoman Relations in the Gulf During the Reign of Abdulhamid II (1876-1909)”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, vol. 28, no. 2, Dec. 2023, pp. 222-40, https://izlik.org/JA95TF67CG.
Vancouver
1.Bilal Emre Biral. Anglo-Ottoman Relations in the Gulf during the Reign of Abdulhamid II (1876-1909). PERCEPTIONS [Internet]. 2023 Dec. 1;28(2):222-40. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA95TF67CG