THE DEMOCRATISATION PROCESS IN RUSSIA

Abstract

Transition and consolidation can be regarded as two different aspects of the democratisation process. Within this context, transition represents the time period which begins with the breakdown of the old authoritarian regime and ends with the establishment of a relatively stable political system. Consolidation, however, is somewhat different from transition because it refers to the achievement of a change in attitudes and substantial support for the new system, which requires a relatively longer period of time. The aim of these two is also different. The former aims at the creation of a new regime, whereas the latter aims at stability and the perpetuation of the established regime.1

References

1. BOOKS Dallin, Alexander(ed.), Political Parties in Russia. (University of California, Berkeley, 1993).
2. Huntington, Samuel, The Third Wave: Democratisation in the Late Twentieth Century. (University of Oklahoma Press, London, 1991).
3. Lapidus, Gail (ed.), Russia-Troubled Transformation. (Westview Press, Boulder, 1995).
4. Lieven, Dominic, The Soviet Crisis. (Macmillan, London, 1992).
5. Linz, Juan (ed.), The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective. (John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1995).
6. Mason, David, The Rise and Fall of Communism and the Cold War. (Westview Press, Oxford, 1992).
7. O’Donnell, G. & Schmitter, P., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Southern Europe. (John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1986).
8. O’Donnell, G., Schmitter, P. & Whitehead L., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives. (John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1986).

9. Prezeworski, Adam, Democracy & the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America. (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992).
10. Rueschemeyer, D., Capitalist Development and Democracy. (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992).
11. Sakwa, Robert, Russian Politics and Society. (Routledge, London, 1996).
12. White, Stephen, Political Culture and Soviet Politics. (Macmillan, London, 1979). ARTICLES
13. A Symposium, “Is Latin America the Future of Eastern Europe?”, Problems of Communism, May-June Almond, Gabriel. “Communism and Political Culture Theory”, Comparative Politics, Vol. 15, No. 2, January 1983.
14. Aron, Leon, “Russia Between Revolution and Democracy”, Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 11, No. 4, 1995.
15. Dankwart, Rustow, “Transitions to Democracy: Toward a Dynamic Model”, Comparative Politics, Vol. , No. 3, April 1970.
16. Fish, Steven, “The Emergence of Independent Associations and the Transformation of Russian Political Society”, Journal of Communist Studies Vol. 47, No. 3, September 1991.
17. Hahn, Jeffrey, “Continuity and Change in Russian Political Culture”, British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 24, No. 4, October 1991.
18. Herd, Graeme, “A first for Democracy, but Where Next”, The World Today, Vol. 52, No. 2, February Huntington, Samuel, “Will More Countries Become Democratic?”, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. , No. 2, 1984.
19. Inglehart, Ronald, “The Renaissance of Political Culture”, American Political Science Review, No. , 1988.
20. Keenan, Edward, “Muscovite Political Folkways”, The Russian Review, Vol. 45, 1986.
21. Light, Margot, “Democracy Russian Style”, The World Today, Vol. 49, No. 12, December 1993.
22. Russell, Bova, “The Political Dynamics of the Post-Communist Transition: A Comparative Perspective”, World Politics, Vol. 44, No. 1, October 1991.
23. Shlapentokh, Vladimir, “The Four Faces of Mother Russia”, Transition, Vol. 4, No. 5, October 1997.
24. Terry, Sarah, “Thinking About Post-Communist Transitions: How Different Are They?”, Slavic Review, Vol. 52, No. 2, Summer 1993.
25. Terry, Sarah, Schmitter P.& Karl Lynn, “The Conceptual Travels of Transitologists and Consolidologists: How Far to the East Should They Go?”, Slavic Review, Vol. 53, No. 1, Spring 1994.
26. Tolz, Vera, “Problems in Building Democratic Institutions in Russia”, RFL/Research Report, Vol. 3, No. 9, March 1994.
27. Vainshtein, G., “The Authoritarian Idea in the Public Consciousness and Political Life of Contemporary Russia”, Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, Vol. 11, No. 3, September 1995.
28. Russell Bova, “The Political Dynamics of the Post-Communist Transition: A Comparative Perspective”, World Politics, Vol. 33, No. 1, October 1995, p.20, for various approaches in the analysis of democratisation processes see also Dankwart Rustow, “Transitions to Democracy-Toward a Dynamic Model”, Comparative Politics, Vol. 2, No. 3, April 1970, pp. 335-338, Mason David. The Rise and Fall of Communism and the Cold War (Westview Press, Oxford, 1992), p. 118, McFaul
29. Michael, “Party Formation After Revolutionary Transitions: The Russian Case” in Political Parties in Russia ed. by Dallin Alexander (University of California, Berkeley, 1993), pp. 7-28, Huntington
30. Samuel, “Will More Countries Become Democratic?”, Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 99, No. 2, Summer 1984, p.195, Prceworski Adam, “Some Problems in the Study of Transition to Democracy” in Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Comparative Perspectives ed. by O’Donnell G., Schmitter P. and Whitehead S. (John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1986), p.56.
31. Linz Juan, Stephan A. & Gunter R., “Democratic Transition and Consolidation in Southern Europe with Reflections on Latin America and Eastern Europe” in The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective ed. by Linz Juan (John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1986), pp. 77-123. Ibid, p.79. Ibid, pp. 82-83.
32. Shlapentokh Vladimir, “The Four Faces of Mother Russia”, Transition, Vol. 4, No. 5, October , pp. 59-65. Keenan Edward, “Muscovite Political Folkways”, The Russian Review, Vol. 45, 1986, pp. 115-184.
33. White Stephan. The Political Culture and Soviet Politics. (Macmillan, London, 1979), pp. 165-167.
34. Fish Steven, “The Emergence of Independent Associations and the Transformation of Russian Political Society”, Journal of Communist Studies, Vol. 7, No. 3, September 1991, pp. 299-334.
35. Sahwa Richard. Russian Politics and Society. (2nd. edition) (Routledge, London, 1996), pp. 360.
36. Holloway, David & McFaul, Michael, “Demilitarisation and Defense Conversion” in Russia-Troubled Transformation ed. by Lapidus Gail (Westview Press, Boulder, 1995), pp. 202-203.
37. Sakwa, Richard. Russian Politics and Society. (Routledge, London, 1996), pp. 55-59.
38. Whitehead Laurence, “International Aspects of Democratization” in Transitions from Authoritarian Rule-Comparative Perspectives ed. by O’Donnel G., Schmitter P., Whitehead L. (John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, 1986), p.44.
39. Light Margot, “Democracy Russian Style”, The World Today, Vol. 49, No. 12, December 1993, pp. 230.
40. Dankwart, Rustow. “Transitions to Democracy-Toward a Dynamic Model”, Comparative Politics, Vol. 2, No. 3, April 1970, pp. 337-338