TURKEY AND EUROPE:A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Abstract

The earliest known Neolithic site of Hac_lar and Çatalhöyük, dating back to 7000BC "stands out as an incomparable prehistoric centre of culture. It was here that man created one of his first great works of art" Prof. Dr. Ekrem Akurgal, Ancient Civilisations, p. 3 . Agriculture was then practised, as revealed by the excavations. Anatolian civilisation seems to have been retarded and remained at the stage of a village civilisation until 2500BC when the Bronze Age started with the Hatti. The Hatti gave their name to Asia Minor which was then called the Land of the Hatti. Before the Hittites, an Indo-European people, began to arrive from 2200BC, the Hatti had reached a high level of urban civilisation, writing in cuneiform from the beginning of the eighteenth century BC. The Hatti's cultural influence, particularly in religion and state organisation on the Old Hittite Kingdom 1750- 1450BC , was paramount. The Hatti language was different from all other Near Eastern languages. In its basic structure it has common characteristics with the Altaic or Turkic language family.

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