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Eastern Mediterranean Hydrocarbons: Regional Potential, Challenges Ahead, and the ‘Hydrocarbon-ization’ of the Cyprus Problem

Year 2017, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 31 - 56, 01.08.2017

Hayriye Kahveci Özgür

Abstract

Natural gas discoveries in the offshore Eastern Mediterranean have been the source of regional geopolitical reshuffling. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of implications of those changes on the Cyprus problem. The paper is composed of two main parts. The first part provides an exploration of historical development of hydrocarbon exploration activities in the offshore Eastern Mediterranean. While doing so, a special emphasis has been given on the cases of Israel and South Cyprus. Furthermore, an analysis of the possible export options for the regional potential is provided. The second part of the paper dwells on the implications of all these developments on the negotiation process towards the resolution of the Cyprus problem. It is argued that during the last decade hydrocarbon exploration activities by the Greek Cypriot Administration have had a negative effect at the negotiation table

Keywords

Eastern Mediterranean Cyprus Problem Natural gas Pipelines Hydrocarbons.

References

  • U.S. Energy Information Administration, “Overview of Oil and Natural Gas in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Geology”, Analysis, at https://www.eia.gov/beta/ international/regions-topics.cfm?RegionTopicID=EM , p. 29, (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • British Petroleum, “BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2016”, BP Statistical Review Natural Gas (June), at https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/energy- economics/statistical-review-2016/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2016-full- report.pdf (last visisted 29 June 2017).
  • Helena Smith, “High Stakes as Greeks and Turks Revive Cyprus Peace Talks”, The Guardian, 17 May 2015.
  • U.S. Energy Information Administration, “Overview of Oil and Natural Gas in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Geology”, 2013. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid.
  • John Roberts, “The Eastern Mediterranean Energy Conundrum: Options and Challenges”, in David Koranyi (ed.), Egmont Paper; Energy in the Eastern Mediterranean: Promise or Peril?, 2014, at http://www.egmontinstitute.be/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ ep65.pdf, pp. 15–28, (last visisted 29 June 2017).
  • Adam Lomas, “East Mediterranean Geopolitical Perspectives, Markets and Regional Cooperation”, in Huebert Faustman, Ayla Gürel and Harry Tzimitras (eds.), Cyprus Hydrocarbons Options: In Search of Peaceful Solutions to a Bonanza, at http://file.prio. no/publication_files/cyprus/3-2014%20East%20Mediterranean%20Hydrocarbons.pdf (last visisted 29 June 2017).
  • Matthew Bryza, “Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas: Potential for Historic Breakthroughs among Israel, Turkey and Cyprus,” in David Koranyi (ed.), Egmont Paper; Energy in the Eastern Mediterranean: Promise or Peril?, at http://www.egmontinstitute.be/ wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ep65.pdf, pp. 39- 46 (last visisted 29 June 2017); Lomas, “East Mediterranean Geopolitical Perspectives, Markets and Regional Cooperation”.
  • Patrick Nopens, “Geopolitical Shifts in the Eastern Mediterranean”, Egmont Security Policy Brief, 2013, No. 43, p. 6, at http://www.egmontinstitute.be/wp-content/ uploads/2013/07/SPB43.pdf (last visisted 29 June 2017). 11 Hereafter “GC”
  • Fulya Ozerkan, “Turkey, Israel to Examine Building Gas Pipeline”, Times of Israel, 13 October 2016.
  • Sohbet Karbuz, “How to Frame and Develop the Necessary Cross-Border Energy Infrastructures between Cyprus, Turkey, and Israel?”, in Koranyi (ed.), Egmont Paper.
  • Bryza, “Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas”. 15 Ibid.
  • Jason Neely and Oleg Vukmanovic, “How Big Is Egypt’s New Zohr Natural Gas Find?” Daily Mail, 2 September 2015.
  • Lomas, “East Mediterranean Geopolitical Perspectives”; Roberts, “The Eastern Mediterranean Energy Conundrum”.
  • Bryza, “Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas”; Roberts, “The Eastern Mediterranean Energy Conundrum”.
  • Bryza, “Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas”
  • Some of the international conferences attended for publicizing GC hydrocarbon potential: - Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) - PETEX Conference & Exhibition - MEPEX/GEO Conference & Exhibition - American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Energy Convention & Exhibition - Geological Society of London - APPEX Conference & Exhibition Greek Cypriot Ministry of Energy, Commerce Industry and Tourism, at http://www. mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/All/527196553C589AF5C225771B005454D2?OpenDocu ment (last visited 15 April 2017).
  • Ayla Gürel, Fiona Mullen, and Harry Tzimitras, “The Cyprus Hydrocarbons Issue: Context, Positions and Future Scenarios”, PCC Report, at http://file.prio.no/publication_ files/Cyprus/Report%202013-1%20Hydrocarbons.pdf (last visited 28 June 2017); James Stocker, “No EEZ Solution: The Politics of Oil and Gas in the Eastern Mediterranean”, The Middle East Journal, 2012, Vol 66, Issue 4, pp. 579-597.
  • “Natural Gas, Legislation and European Directives and Regulations”, Minitsry of Energy, Commerce, Industry and Tourism, at http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/ b1d9808b11a79c45c2256e6600488e3a/ae81472a5a69ddd4c2257b2100255888?Open Document (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • Gürel, Mullen and Tzimitras. “The Cyprus Hydrocarbons Issue”, p. 3.
  • Elias Hazou, “Drill Ship En Route to Cyprus to Start Work in Block 9,” Cyprus Mail, 22 September 2014.
  • Applicants for the 3rd Exploration Licensing Round: Blok 6 - Eni Cyprus Limited / Total E&P Cyprus B.V. Blok 8 - Capricorn Oil (Cairn Energy) / Delek Drilling / Avner Oil Exploration konsorsiyumu - Eni Cyprus Limited Eni Cyprus Limited Blok 10 - Eni Cyprus Limited / Total E&P Cyprus B.V. konsorsiyumu - ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Cyprus (Offshore) Limited / Qatar
  • Petroleum International Upstream O.P.C.
  • Statoil Upsilon Netherlands B.V.
  • Greek Cypriot Ministry of Energy, Commerce Industry and Tourism, at http://www.
  • mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlhcarbon3_en/dmlhcarbon3_en? OpenDocument (last
  • visited 18 April 2017).
  • “İki Yıl Aradan Sonra Yeniden”, Yenidüzen Gazetesi, at http://www.yeniduzen.com/iki- yil-aradan-sonra-yeniden-35069h.htm (last visited 29 June 2017). 29 Hereafter “TC”
  • UNFICYP, “Timeline”, at https://unficyp.unmissions.org/timeline, (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • Hayriye Kahveci, “The 2008 Presidential Election in Cyprus”, West European Politics, 2008, Vol.31, No. 5.
  • UNFICYP, “Timeline”.
  • Stelyo Berberakis, “Müzakerelere Devam Kararı,” Sabah, 20 April 2010.
  • Noble Energy, “Noble Energy Announces Significant Discovery at Leviathan Offshore Israel,” at http://investors.nblenergy.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=539152 (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • Harry de Quetteville , “EU Accuses Greek Cypriots of Betrayal over Island’s Peace Plan”, The Telegraph, 22 April 2004.
  • Gürel, Mullen and Tzimitras, “The Cyprus Hydrocarbons Issue”. 37 Ibid.
  • Yiannos Katsourides, “The Comeback of the Right in Crisis-Ridden Cyprus: The 2013 Presidential Elections”, South European Society and Politics, Vol. 19, No, 1, (2014), pp. 51–70.
  • BBC News, “Cyprus election: Nicos Anastasiades elected president”, at http://www.bbc. com/news/world-europe-21565606 (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • İlhan Tanır, “ABD Başkan Yardımcısı Joe Biden’ın Kıbrıs Ziyaretinden Beklentiler,” at http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2014/05/140521_biden_kibris (last visited 29 June 2017)
  • UNFICYP, “Timeline”.
  • United Nations Security Council, “Report of the Secretary General on his mission of good offices in Cyprus”, at chrome-extension://oemmndcbldboiebfnladdacbdfmadadm/ http://162.243.184.203/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2016-01-07-SG-GO- Report-S-2016-15.pdf (last visisted 29 June 2017).
  • Elias Hazou, “Drilling for Cyprus Gas, a Timeline,” Cyprus Mail, 29 December 2016.
  • Filiz Seyis, “KKTC Dışişleri Bakanı Nami: ‘Müzakereler Navtex Yüzünden Çökmedi”, at http://www.abhaber.com/kktc-disisleri-bakani-nami-muzakereler-navtex-yuzunden- cokmedi/ (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • Hazou, “Drill Ship En Route to Cyprus to Start Work in Block”. 46 Ibid.
  • Elias Hazou, “Drilling for Cyprus Gas”. 48 Ibid.
  • Evie Mitsidou Phillips, “Eide: The Stars Are Perfectly Well Aligned for a Solution”, Cyprus News Agency, at http://www.cna.org.cy/webnews-en.aspx?a=43f2861c17414b6fb ef8c347fb00efdb (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • Elias Hazou, “Drilling for Cyprus Gas”.
  • Official Journal of the European Union, “Notices From Member States, at http:// www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/7DF75846053512BDC2257F6A002284E7/$file/ Invitation_Criteria_EN.pdf (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • “Our View: No Rational Reason for Third Licensing Round,” Cyprus Mail,at http:// cyprus-mail.com/2016/02/17/our-view-no-rational-reason-for-third-licensing-round/ (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • Jean Christou, Jean, “Turkey Warns over Cyprus’ Third Licensing Round (Update 1: Adds Cyprus Govt Response)”, Cyprus Mail, at http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/03/26/ turkey-warns-over-cyprus-third-licensing-round/?hilite=third+licensing+round (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • UN, “Statement to the Press by the UN Spokesperson in Cyprus”, at http://www. uncyprustalks.org/statement-to-the-press-by-the-un-spokesperson-in-cyprus/ (last visited 29 June 2017); United Nations Security Council, “Report of the Secretary General on his mission of good offices in Cyprus”.
  • Elias Hazou, “Final Decision on Third-Round Concessions Expected Early 2017”, Cyprus Mail,14 November 2016.
  • Exploration Block 6: Eni Cyprus Limited / Total E&P Cyprus B.V. - Exploration Block 8: Eni Cyprus Limited - Exploration Block 10: ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Cyprus (Offshore) Limited / Qatar Petroleum International Upstream O.P.C. Ministry of Energy, Commerce Industry and Tourism Web Page, http://www.mcit.gov. cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlhcarbon3_en/dmlhcarbon3_en?OpenDocument (last visited 29 June 2017)
  • UN, “Statement by the United Nations Spokesperson December 1 2016,” at http:// www.uncyprustalks.org/statement-by-the-united-nations-spokesperson/ (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • Bayram Altuğ, “Critical Phase of Cyprus Talks,” Anadolu Agency, at http://aa.com.tr/en/ europe/critical-phase-of-cyprus-talks/730143 (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • “Cyprus Talks Break up over ‘Enosis’ Row”, Hürriyet Daily News, 16 February 2017.
  • Elias Hazou, “Stalled Talks Not Derailing Energy Plans, Government Insists,” Cyprus Mail, 6 March 2017; “Cyprus Solution Not a Prerequisite for Moving Forward with Energy Plans, Lakkotrypis Says”, Cyprus Mail, 27 January 2017.
  • “Hydrocarbon Exploration Negotiations Successfully Concluded”, Cyprus Mail, March 7 2017.
  • “Landmark Energy Contract Signed for Block 10 (Updated)”, Cyprus Mail, 5 April 2017, “Total, ENI Sign Natural Gas Exploration Contracts (Updated)”, Cyprus Mail, 6 April 2017.
  • “Akıncı: ‘Gerginlik Yaratan Unsurları Ortadan Kaldırmak Için Ya Kazıları Ertelemek Ya Da Çözümü Süratlendirmek Gerek’”, Kıbrıs Postası, 11 April 2017.
  • de Quetteville, “EU Accuses Greek Cypriots of Betrayal over Island’s Peace Plan”.
  • Athanasios Orphanides, “What Happened in Cyprus? The Economic Consequences of the Last Communist Government in Europe”, LSE Financial Markets Group Special Paper Series, No. 232, at http://www.lse.ac.uk/fmg/dp/specialPapers/PDF/SP232-Final. pdf (last visited 29 June 2017).

Year 2017, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 31 - 56, 01.08.2017

Hayriye Kahveci Özgür

Abstract

References

  • U.S. Energy Information Administration, “Overview of Oil and Natural Gas in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Geology”, Analysis, at https://www.eia.gov/beta/ international/regions-topics.cfm?RegionTopicID=EM , p. 29, (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • British Petroleum, “BP Statistical Review of World Energy June 2016”, BP Statistical Review Natural Gas (June), at https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/pdf/energy- economics/statistical-review-2016/bp-statistical-review-of-world-energy-2016-full- report.pdf (last visisted 29 June 2017).
  • Helena Smith, “High Stakes as Greeks and Turks Revive Cyprus Peace Talks”, The Guardian, 17 May 2015.
  • U.S. Energy Information Administration, “Overview of Oil and Natural Gas in the Eastern Mediterranean Region Geology”, 2013. 5 Ibid. 6 Ibid.
  • John Roberts, “The Eastern Mediterranean Energy Conundrum: Options and Challenges”, in David Koranyi (ed.), Egmont Paper; Energy in the Eastern Mediterranean: Promise or Peril?, 2014, at http://www.egmontinstitute.be/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ ep65.pdf, pp. 15–28, (last visisted 29 June 2017).
  • Adam Lomas, “East Mediterranean Geopolitical Perspectives, Markets and Regional Cooperation”, in Huebert Faustman, Ayla Gürel and Harry Tzimitras (eds.), Cyprus Hydrocarbons Options: In Search of Peaceful Solutions to a Bonanza, at http://file.prio. no/publication_files/cyprus/3-2014%20East%20Mediterranean%20Hydrocarbons.pdf (last visisted 29 June 2017).
  • Matthew Bryza, “Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas: Potential for Historic Breakthroughs among Israel, Turkey and Cyprus,” in David Koranyi (ed.), Egmont Paper; Energy in the Eastern Mediterranean: Promise or Peril?, at http://www.egmontinstitute.be/ wp-content/uploads/2014/05/ep65.pdf, pp. 39- 46 (last visisted 29 June 2017); Lomas, “East Mediterranean Geopolitical Perspectives, Markets and Regional Cooperation”.
  • Patrick Nopens, “Geopolitical Shifts in the Eastern Mediterranean”, Egmont Security Policy Brief, 2013, No. 43, p. 6, at http://www.egmontinstitute.be/wp-content/ uploads/2013/07/SPB43.pdf (last visisted 29 June 2017). 11 Hereafter “GC”
  • Fulya Ozerkan, “Turkey, Israel to Examine Building Gas Pipeline”, Times of Israel, 13 October 2016.
  • Sohbet Karbuz, “How to Frame and Develop the Necessary Cross-Border Energy Infrastructures between Cyprus, Turkey, and Israel?”, in Koranyi (ed.), Egmont Paper.
  • Bryza, “Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas”. 15 Ibid.
  • Jason Neely and Oleg Vukmanovic, “How Big Is Egypt’s New Zohr Natural Gas Find?” Daily Mail, 2 September 2015.
  • Lomas, “East Mediterranean Geopolitical Perspectives”; Roberts, “The Eastern Mediterranean Energy Conundrum”.
  • Bryza, “Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas”; Roberts, “The Eastern Mediterranean Energy Conundrum”.
  • Bryza, “Eastern Mediterranean Natural Gas”
  • Some of the international conferences attended for publicizing GC hydrocarbon potential: - Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) - PETEX Conference & Exhibition - MEPEX/GEO Conference & Exhibition - American Association of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG) Energy Convention & Exhibition - Geological Society of London - APPEX Conference & Exhibition Greek Cypriot Ministry of Energy, Commerce Industry and Tourism, at http://www. mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/All/527196553C589AF5C225771B005454D2?OpenDocu ment (last visited 15 April 2017).
  • Ayla Gürel, Fiona Mullen, and Harry Tzimitras, “The Cyprus Hydrocarbons Issue: Context, Positions and Future Scenarios”, PCC Report, at http://file.prio.no/publication_ files/Cyprus/Report%202013-1%20Hydrocarbons.pdf (last visited 28 June 2017); James Stocker, “No EEZ Solution: The Politics of Oil and Gas in the Eastern Mediterranean”, The Middle East Journal, 2012, Vol 66, Issue 4, pp. 579-597.
  • “Natural Gas, Legislation and European Directives and Regulations”, Minitsry of Energy, Commerce, Industry and Tourism, at http://www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/ b1d9808b11a79c45c2256e6600488e3a/ae81472a5a69ddd4c2257b2100255888?Open Document (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • Gürel, Mullen and Tzimitras. “The Cyprus Hydrocarbons Issue”, p. 3.
  • Elias Hazou, “Drill Ship En Route to Cyprus to Start Work in Block 9,” Cyprus Mail, 22 September 2014.
  • Applicants for the 3rd Exploration Licensing Round: Blok 6 - Eni Cyprus Limited / Total E&P Cyprus B.V. Blok 8 - Capricorn Oil (Cairn Energy) / Delek Drilling / Avner Oil Exploration konsorsiyumu - Eni Cyprus Limited Eni Cyprus Limited Blok 10 - Eni Cyprus Limited / Total E&P Cyprus B.V. konsorsiyumu - ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Cyprus (Offshore) Limited / Qatar
  • Petroleum International Upstream O.P.C.
  • Statoil Upsilon Netherlands B.V.
  • Greek Cypriot Ministry of Energy, Commerce Industry and Tourism, at http://www.
  • mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlhcarbon3_en/dmlhcarbon3_en? OpenDocument (last
  • visited 18 April 2017).
  • “İki Yıl Aradan Sonra Yeniden”, Yenidüzen Gazetesi, at http://www.yeniduzen.com/iki- yil-aradan-sonra-yeniden-35069h.htm (last visited 29 June 2017). 29 Hereafter “TC”
  • UNFICYP, “Timeline”, at https://unficyp.unmissions.org/timeline, (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • Hayriye Kahveci, “The 2008 Presidential Election in Cyprus”, West European Politics, 2008, Vol.31, No. 5.
  • UNFICYP, “Timeline”.
  • Stelyo Berberakis, “Müzakerelere Devam Kararı,” Sabah, 20 April 2010.
  • Noble Energy, “Noble Energy Announces Significant Discovery at Leviathan Offshore Israel,” at http://investors.nblenergy.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=539152 (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • Harry de Quetteville , “EU Accuses Greek Cypriots of Betrayal over Island’s Peace Plan”, The Telegraph, 22 April 2004.
  • Gürel, Mullen and Tzimitras, “The Cyprus Hydrocarbons Issue”. 37 Ibid.
  • Yiannos Katsourides, “The Comeback of the Right in Crisis-Ridden Cyprus: The 2013 Presidential Elections”, South European Society and Politics, Vol. 19, No, 1, (2014), pp. 51–70.
  • BBC News, “Cyprus election: Nicos Anastasiades elected president”, at http://www.bbc. com/news/world-europe-21565606 (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • İlhan Tanır, “ABD Başkan Yardımcısı Joe Biden’ın Kıbrıs Ziyaretinden Beklentiler,” at http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2014/05/140521_biden_kibris (last visited 29 June 2017)
  • UNFICYP, “Timeline”.
  • United Nations Security Council, “Report of the Secretary General on his mission of good offices in Cyprus”, at chrome-extension://oemmndcbldboiebfnladdacbdfmadadm/ http://162.243.184.203/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/2016-01-07-SG-GO- Report-S-2016-15.pdf (last visisted 29 June 2017).
  • Elias Hazou, “Drilling for Cyprus Gas, a Timeline,” Cyprus Mail, 29 December 2016.
  • Filiz Seyis, “KKTC Dışişleri Bakanı Nami: ‘Müzakereler Navtex Yüzünden Çökmedi”, at http://www.abhaber.com/kktc-disisleri-bakani-nami-muzakereler-navtex-yuzunden- cokmedi/ (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • Hazou, “Drill Ship En Route to Cyprus to Start Work in Block”. 46 Ibid.
  • Elias Hazou, “Drilling for Cyprus Gas”. 48 Ibid.
  • Evie Mitsidou Phillips, “Eide: The Stars Are Perfectly Well Aligned for a Solution”, Cyprus News Agency, at http://www.cna.org.cy/webnews-en.aspx?a=43f2861c17414b6fb ef8c347fb00efdb (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • Elias Hazou, “Drilling for Cyprus Gas”.
  • Official Journal of the European Union, “Notices From Member States, at http:// www.mcit.gov.cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/7DF75846053512BDC2257F6A002284E7/$file/ Invitation_Criteria_EN.pdf (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • “Our View: No Rational Reason for Third Licensing Round,” Cyprus Mail,at http:// cyprus-mail.com/2016/02/17/our-view-no-rational-reason-for-third-licensing-round/ (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • Jean Christou, Jean, “Turkey Warns over Cyprus’ Third Licensing Round (Update 1: Adds Cyprus Govt Response)”, Cyprus Mail, at http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/03/26/ turkey-warns-over-cyprus-third-licensing-round/?hilite=third+licensing+round (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • UN, “Statement to the Press by the UN Spokesperson in Cyprus”, at http://www. uncyprustalks.org/statement-to-the-press-by-the-un-spokesperson-in-cyprus/ (last visited 29 June 2017); United Nations Security Council, “Report of the Secretary General on his mission of good offices in Cyprus”.
  • Elias Hazou, “Final Decision on Third-Round Concessions Expected Early 2017”, Cyprus Mail,14 November 2016.
  • Exploration Block 6: Eni Cyprus Limited / Total E&P Cyprus B.V. - Exploration Block 8: Eni Cyprus Limited - Exploration Block 10: ExxonMobil Exploration and Production Cyprus (Offshore) Limited / Qatar Petroleum International Upstream O.P.C. Ministry of Energy, Commerce Industry and Tourism Web Page, http://www.mcit.gov. cy/mcit/mcit.nsf/dmlhcarbon3_en/dmlhcarbon3_en?OpenDocument (last visited 29 June 2017)
  • UN, “Statement by the United Nations Spokesperson December 1 2016,” at http:// www.uncyprustalks.org/statement-by-the-united-nations-spokesperson/ (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • Bayram Altuğ, “Critical Phase of Cyprus Talks,” Anadolu Agency, at http://aa.com.tr/en/ europe/critical-phase-of-cyprus-talks/730143 (last visited 29 June 2017).
  • “Cyprus Talks Break up over ‘Enosis’ Row”, Hürriyet Daily News, 16 February 2017.
  • Elias Hazou, “Stalled Talks Not Derailing Energy Plans, Government Insists,” Cyprus Mail, 6 March 2017; “Cyprus Solution Not a Prerequisite for Moving Forward with Energy Plans, Lakkotrypis Says”, Cyprus Mail, 27 January 2017.
  • “Hydrocarbon Exploration Negotiations Successfully Concluded”, Cyprus Mail, March 7 2017.
  • “Landmark Energy Contract Signed for Block 10 (Updated)”, Cyprus Mail, 5 April 2017, “Total, ENI Sign Natural Gas Exploration Contracts (Updated)”, Cyprus Mail, 6 April 2017.
  • “Akıncı: ‘Gerginlik Yaratan Unsurları Ortadan Kaldırmak Için Ya Kazıları Ertelemek Ya Da Çözümü Süratlendirmek Gerek’”, Kıbrıs Postası, 11 April 2017.
  • de Quetteville, “EU Accuses Greek Cypriots of Betrayal over Island’s Peace Plan”.
  • Athanasios Orphanides, “What Happened in Cyprus? The Economic Consequences of the Last Communist Government in Europe”, LSE Financial Markets Group Special Paper Series, No. 232, at http://www.lse.ac.uk/fmg/dp/specialPapers/PDF/SP232-Final. pdf (last visited 29 June 2017).
There are 60 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hayriye Kahveci Özgür This is me

Publication Date August 1, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 22 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Özgür, H. K. (2017). Eastern Mediterranean Hydrocarbons: Regional Potential, Challenges Ahead, and the ‘Hydrocarbon-ization’ of the Cyprus Problem. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, 22(2), 31-56.
AMA Özgür HK. Eastern Mediterranean Hydrocarbons: Regional Potential, Challenges Ahead, and the ‘Hydrocarbon-ization’ of the Cyprus Problem. PERCEPTIONS. August 2017;22(2):31-56.
Chicago Özgür, Hayriye Kahveci. “Eastern Mediterranean Hydrocarbons: Regional Potential, Challenges Ahead, and the ‘Hydrocarbon-ization’ of the Cyprus Problem”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 22, no. 2 (August 2017): 31-56.
EndNote Özgür HK (August 1, 2017) Eastern Mediterranean Hydrocarbons: Regional Potential, Challenges Ahead, and the ‘Hydrocarbon-ization’ of the Cyprus Problem. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 22 2 31–56.
IEEE H. K. Özgür, “Eastern Mediterranean Hydrocarbons: Regional Potential, Challenges Ahead, and the ‘Hydrocarbon-ization’ of the Cyprus Problem”, PERCEPTIONS, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 31–56, 2017.
ISNAD Özgür, Hayriye Kahveci. “Eastern Mediterranean Hydrocarbons: Regional Potential, Challenges Ahead, and the ‘Hydrocarbon-ization’ of the Cyprus Problem”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 22/2 (August 2017), 31-56.
JAMA Özgür HK. Eastern Mediterranean Hydrocarbons: Regional Potential, Challenges Ahead, and the ‘Hydrocarbon-ization’ of the Cyprus Problem. PERCEPTIONS. 2017;22:31–56.
MLA Özgür, Hayriye Kahveci. “Eastern Mediterranean Hydrocarbons: Regional Potential, Challenges Ahead, and the ‘Hydrocarbon-ization’ of the Cyprus Problem”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, vol. 22, no. 2, 2017, pp. 31-56.
Vancouver Özgür HK. Eastern Mediterranean Hydrocarbons: Regional Potential, Challenges Ahead, and the ‘Hydrocarbon-ization’ of the Cyprus Problem. PERCEPTIONS. 2017;22(2):31-56.