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Year 2014, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 83 - 112, 01.07.2014

Abstract

References

  • Marc Lynch, “Making the Arab League Matter”, Foreign Policy Online Edition, (April 2012); Müge Küçükkeleş, “Arab League’s Syrian Policy”, SETA Policy Brief. No.56, 2012; Volker Perthes, “The Arab Revolts in Year Two”, 9 February 2012, at http://www.opendemocracy. net/volker-perthes/arab-revolts-in-year-two [last visited 03 March 2014]; Bill Law, “How the Arab League embraced revolution”, at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle- east-15948031 [last visited2 December 2011].
  • Law (2011); Edmund Blair, “Analysis: Arab League breaks habit, turns on Syria”, Reuters, (23 November 2011), at http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/23/us-syria-arabs-league- idUSTRE7AM1QT20111123. [last visited 8 January 2013]
  • Lynch, “Making the Arab League Matter”.
  • Silvia Colombo, “The GCC and the Arab Spring: A Tale of Double Standards”, The International Spectator, Vol.47, No. 4, (December 2012), p.110.
  • Amitav Acharya and Alastair Iain Johnston. Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspective, Cambridge University Press, 2007, p.3.
  • For comparative studies see Acharya and Johnston 2007, Tavares 2009; Emil J. Kirchner and Roberto Dominguez, “Security Governance in A Comparative Regional Perspective”, European Security, Vol. 23, No.2 (2014), pp. 163-178; M. Haas,“Comparing Regional Cooperation in Asia and the Pacific” In Toward a World of Peace , Jeannette P. Mass and Robert A. C. Stewart (eds.), Suva, Fiji: University of the South Pacific Press, 1986, pp. 149- 168.
  • The concept of security community first coined by Karl W. Deutsch, et al., Political Community and the North Atlantic Area: International Organization In The Light Of Historical Experience, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957. Then it was adapted by Emanuel Adler and Michael Barnett, Security Communities,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Cite uses deprecated parameters ()
  • David A. Lake and Patrick M. Morgan (eds). Regional Orders: Building Security in a New World.,University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997.
  • Abdel-Fatau Musah, “ECOWAS: Regional Responses to Conflicts”, p.153.
  • Brian Job, “ Matter of Multilateralism: Implications for Regional Conflicts Management, in Regional Orders: Building Security in a New World, in David A. Lake and Patrick M. Morgan (eds.), University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997, pp. 165-195. 13 Ibid.
  • Abdel-Fatau Musah, “ECOWAS: Regional Responses to Conflicts”, p. 156. 15 Ibid.p. 156. 16 Ibid.p. 158.
  • See Barnett, Michael and Solingen, Etel, “Designed to Fail or Failure of Design? The Sources and Institutional Effects of the Arab League”, in A.I. Johnson and A. Acharya (eds), Crafting Cooperation: Regional Institutions in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007; E. J. Kirchner and R. Dominguez (2014).
  • E. J. Kirchner & R. Dominguez (2014).
  • See official webpage of the organiziation, at http:www.lasportal.org.
  • For detailed information about the history of the commission see A.H. Robertson and J.G. Merrills, Human Rights in the World. Fourth Edition, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996, pp.238-241.
  • “The Arab League and Human Rights: Challenges Ahead” Presentation prepared by International Federation for Human Rights (fidh) for Regional Seminar held in Cairo on 16-17 February, 2013, at www.fidh.org [last visited 25 December 2013], p.15. 40 Ibid.
  • For a comparative perspective in international human rights regime see Jack Donnelly, International Human Rights. Westview Press. 2013.
  • “The Arab League and Human Rights: Challenges Ahead”, p.14.
  • The Pact of the League of Arab States (1945), Article 5.
  • Marco Pinfari, “Nothing But Failure? The Arab League And The Gulf Cooperation Council As Mediators In Middle Eastern Conflicts”, Crisis States Working Papers Series, No. 2 (2009), p. 1, at http://www2.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/crisisStates/download/ wp/wpSeries2/WP452.pdf. [last visited 3 January 2014].
  • The Pact of the League of Arab States (1945), Article 5. 46 Ibid. 47 Ibid.
  • Ibid., p.10. 49 Ibid., p.2.
  • Tavares, Regional Security: The Capacity of International Organizations, p.114.
  • Pinfari, “Nothing But Failure?”, p.6.
  • Barnett and Solingen, “Designed to Fail or Failure of Design?”, p. 214.
  • Yezid Sayigh, “The Gulf Crisis: Why the Arab Regional Order Failed”, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-),Vol. 67, No. 3 (July, 1991), p. 487.
  • head quarter of the General Secretariat on 2/11/2011, the Council of the League of Arab
  • States, at www. lasportal.org. under League Council 2011.
  • Unofficial translation of the The Council of the League of Arab States at the ministerial level at its resumed extraordinary session held at the head quarters of the General Secretariat on 12/11/2011, at lasportal.org. Under League Council 2011.
  • Resolutions no: 7438 of 12/11/2011 suspending the participation of delegations of the government of the Syrian Arab Republic to the meetings of the Council of the League of Arab States and all its affiliated organs as of the 16th of November 2011. Source: Unofficial translation of the council of the league of Arab states meeting in it’s ordinanary session number ( 140) at it’s ministirial level. (res.7667- o.s. 140 - sec. session 1/9/2013) At http://lasportal.org/ wps/wcm/connect/133f278040fc6b0ba931fd954d25bc04/_____+____+_____+_140_. pdf?MOD=AJPERES [last visited 3 January 2014].
  • “Syria and the Arab League, Ever fewer friends”, 14 November 2011, The Economist Online, at http://www.economist.com/blogs/newsbook/2011/11/syria-and-arab-league[last visited 21 December 2013].
  • “Qatar takes over Arab League”, at http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/politics/2013/04/ qatar-amps-regional-role-middle-east-arab-league.html#ixzz3H3DYgb6B. [last visited 3 January 2014].
  • Edmund Blair and Ayman Samir, “Arabs seek U.N. support for Syria peace plan”, 24 January 2012, at http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/24/us-syria-arabs-un-idUSTRE80N0X U20120124?feedType=RSS&feedName=everything&virtualBrandChannel=11563 visited 8 January 2014]. [last
  • “Leaked Arab League Mission Report” at http://www.globalresearch.ca/syria-text-of-leaked- arab-league-mission-report-report-reveals-media-lies-regarding-syria/29025 [last visited 24 May 2013]. 76 Ibid.
  • “The Arab League’s phony mission”, The Globe and Mail (Canada), 3 January 2012.
  • “New effort in Syria sought; The Arab League asks the U.N. to create a joint peacekeeping force in the country to oversee a cease-fire”, Los Angeles Times, 13 February 2012.
  • “Kofi Annan’s six-point plan for Syria”, 27 March 2012. at http://www.aljazeera.com/news/ middleeast/2012/03/2012327153111767387.html. [last visited 1 January 2014].
  • “Arab League: Peacekeepers must be sent to Syria “ 18 June 2012, at http://www.cbsnews. com/news/arab-league-peacekeepers-must-be-sent-to-syria/. [last visited 30 December 2013].
  • Edmund Blair and Ayman Samir, “Arabs seek U.N. support for Syria Peace Plan”.
  • “Arab league to submit Syria proposals to U.N. council”, 23 May 2013. at http://english. alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/05/23/Arab-league-to-submit-Syria-proposals-to- U-N-council-.html [last visited 1 January 2014].
  • Edmund Blair and Ayman Samir, “Arabs to discuss joint U.N.-Arab mission to Syria”, 9 February 2012. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/09/us-syria-arabs-idustre8182632 0120209?feedtype=rss&feedname=everything&virtualbrandchannel=11563 [last visited 9 December 2013].
  • “Arab League: Legitimising Syria’s opposition”, 27 March 2013, at http://www.aljazeera. com/programmes/insidestory/2013/03/201332755258725100.html. [Last visited 8 January 2014].
  • “The Arab League and Human Rights: Challenges Ahead”,p. 7. 87 Ibid., p.40.
  • “Arab League summit under way amid divisions”, 25 March 2014, at http://www.aljazeera. com/news/middleeast/2014/03/arab-league-summit-201432552716861683.html visited 31 March 2014]. [last
  • Blair and Samir, “Arabs to discuss joint U.N.-Arab mission to Syria”.

The “Rebirth” of a Dead Organization?: Questioning the Role of the Arab League in the “Arab Uprisings” Process

Year 2014, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 83 - 112, 01.07.2014

Abstract

The League of Arab States, known as the Arab League AL , has historically proven to be largely ineffective in its endeavors at conflict resolution within and between Arab states. The AL has had neither impact nor respect in the region. However, since 2011 it has demonstrated uncharacteristically decisive stances during political uprisings in Libya and Syria, raising hopes for it becoming a more effective regional actor. Some scholars evaluate these attempts as signalling the rebirth and reassertion of the AL, while others consider them as a façade for appeasing the protesters and international society. Many also see the AL as having continued its passive stance. This paper analyzes the involvement of the AL in political upheavals, unrests as well as civil wars that emerged along with the Arab Uprisings and asks whether the AL has played an ‘effective role’ or has ‘functioned well’ in adressing security challenges and in efforts mediating disputes in member states. In other words, whether it has acted purposively and has been able to shape outcomes in the Arab Uprisings process and contributing to conflict resolution. It is argued that the AL can not turn into an effective regional organization because of problems with its overemphasis on sovereignty as an organizing principle, organizational weaknesses and difficulties in decision making, and lack of credibility. In order to be more effective, it needs to enhance human rights protection mechanisms and play a proactive role at least in post-conflict situations.

References

  • Marc Lynch, “Making the Arab League Matter”, Foreign Policy Online Edition, (April 2012); Müge Küçükkeleş, “Arab League’s Syrian Policy”, SETA Policy Brief. No.56, 2012; Volker Perthes, “The Arab Revolts in Year Two”, 9 February 2012, at http://www.opendemocracy. net/volker-perthes/arab-revolts-in-year-two [last visited 03 March 2014]; Bill Law, “How the Arab League embraced revolution”, at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle- east-15948031 [last visited2 December 2011].
  • Law (2011); Edmund Blair, “Analysis: Arab League breaks habit, turns on Syria”, Reuters, (23 November 2011), at http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/23/us-syria-arabs-league- idUSTRE7AM1QT20111123. [last visited 8 January 2013]
  • Lynch, “Making the Arab League Matter”.
  • Silvia Colombo, “The GCC and the Arab Spring: A Tale of Double Standards”, The International Spectator, Vol.47, No. 4, (December 2012), p.110.
  • Amitav Acharya and Alastair Iain Johnston. Crafting Cooperation: Regional International Institutions in Comparative Perspective, Cambridge University Press, 2007, p.3.
  • For comparative studies see Acharya and Johnston 2007, Tavares 2009; Emil J. Kirchner and Roberto Dominguez, “Security Governance in A Comparative Regional Perspective”, European Security, Vol. 23, No.2 (2014), pp. 163-178; M. Haas,“Comparing Regional Cooperation in Asia and the Pacific” In Toward a World of Peace , Jeannette P. Mass and Robert A. C. Stewart (eds.), Suva, Fiji: University of the South Pacific Press, 1986, pp. 149- 168.
  • The concept of security community first coined by Karl W. Deutsch, et al., Political Community and the North Atlantic Area: International Organization In The Light Of Historical Experience, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1957. Then it was adapted by Emanuel Adler and Michael Barnett, Security Communities,Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Cite uses deprecated parameters ()
  • David A. Lake and Patrick M. Morgan (eds). Regional Orders: Building Security in a New World.,University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997.
  • Abdel-Fatau Musah, “ECOWAS: Regional Responses to Conflicts”, p.153.
  • Brian Job, “ Matter of Multilateralism: Implications for Regional Conflicts Management, in Regional Orders: Building Security in a New World, in David A. Lake and Patrick M. Morgan (eds.), University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1997, pp. 165-195. 13 Ibid.
  • Abdel-Fatau Musah, “ECOWAS: Regional Responses to Conflicts”, p. 156. 15 Ibid.p. 156. 16 Ibid.p. 158.
  • See Barnett, Michael and Solingen, Etel, “Designed to Fail or Failure of Design? The Sources and Institutional Effects of the Arab League”, in A.I. Johnson and A. Acharya (eds), Crafting Cooperation: Regional Institutions in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007; E. J. Kirchner and R. Dominguez (2014).
  • E. J. Kirchner & R. Dominguez (2014).
  • See official webpage of the organiziation, at http:www.lasportal.org.
  • For detailed information about the history of the commission see A.H. Robertson and J.G. Merrills, Human Rights in the World. Fourth Edition, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996, pp.238-241.
  • “The Arab League and Human Rights: Challenges Ahead” Presentation prepared by International Federation for Human Rights (fidh) for Regional Seminar held in Cairo on 16-17 February, 2013, at www.fidh.org [last visited 25 December 2013], p.15. 40 Ibid.
  • For a comparative perspective in international human rights regime see Jack Donnelly, International Human Rights. Westview Press. 2013.
  • “The Arab League and Human Rights: Challenges Ahead”, p.14.
  • The Pact of the League of Arab States (1945), Article 5.
  • Marco Pinfari, “Nothing But Failure? The Arab League And The Gulf Cooperation Council As Mediators In Middle Eastern Conflicts”, Crisis States Working Papers Series, No. 2 (2009), p. 1, at http://www2.lse.ac.uk/internationalDevelopment/research/crisisStates/download/ wp/wpSeries2/WP452.pdf. [last visited 3 January 2014].
  • The Pact of the League of Arab States (1945), Article 5. 46 Ibid. 47 Ibid.
  • Ibid., p.10. 49 Ibid., p.2.
  • Tavares, Regional Security: The Capacity of International Organizations, p.114.
  • Pinfari, “Nothing But Failure?”, p.6.
  • Barnett and Solingen, “Designed to Fail or Failure of Design?”, p. 214.
  • Yezid Sayigh, “The Gulf Crisis: Why the Arab Regional Order Failed”, International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-),Vol. 67, No. 3 (July, 1991), p. 487.
  • head quarter of the General Secretariat on 2/11/2011, the Council of the League of Arab
  • States, at www. lasportal.org. under League Council 2011.
  • Unofficial translation of the The Council of the League of Arab States at the ministerial level at its resumed extraordinary session held at the head quarters of the General Secretariat on 12/11/2011, at lasportal.org. Under League Council 2011.
  • Resolutions no: 7438 of 12/11/2011 suspending the participation of delegations of the government of the Syrian Arab Republic to the meetings of the Council of the League of Arab States and all its affiliated organs as of the 16th of November 2011. Source: Unofficial translation of the council of the league of Arab states meeting in it’s ordinanary session number ( 140) at it’s ministirial level. (res.7667- o.s. 140 - sec. session 1/9/2013) At http://lasportal.org/ wps/wcm/connect/133f278040fc6b0ba931fd954d25bc04/_____+____+_____+_140_. pdf?MOD=AJPERES [last visited 3 January 2014].
  • “Syria and the Arab League, Ever fewer friends”, 14 November 2011, The Economist Online, at http://www.economist.com/blogs/newsbook/2011/11/syria-and-arab-league[last visited 21 December 2013].
  • “Qatar takes over Arab League”, at http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/politics/2013/04/ qatar-amps-regional-role-middle-east-arab-league.html#ixzz3H3DYgb6B. [last visited 3 January 2014].
  • Edmund Blair and Ayman Samir, “Arabs seek U.N. support for Syria peace plan”, 24 January 2012, at http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/24/us-syria-arabs-un-idUSTRE80N0X U20120124?feedType=RSS&feedName=everything&virtualBrandChannel=11563 visited 8 January 2014]. [last
  • “Leaked Arab League Mission Report” at http://www.globalresearch.ca/syria-text-of-leaked- arab-league-mission-report-report-reveals-media-lies-regarding-syria/29025 [last visited 24 May 2013]. 76 Ibid.
  • “The Arab League’s phony mission”, The Globe and Mail (Canada), 3 January 2012.
  • “New effort in Syria sought; The Arab League asks the U.N. to create a joint peacekeeping force in the country to oversee a cease-fire”, Los Angeles Times, 13 February 2012.
  • “Kofi Annan’s six-point plan for Syria”, 27 March 2012. at http://www.aljazeera.com/news/ middleeast/2012/03/2012327153111767387.html. [last visited 1 January 2014].
  • “Arab League: Peacekeepers must be sent to Syria “ 18 June 2012, at http://www.cbsnews. com/news/arab-league-peacekeepers-must-be-sent-to-syria/. [last visited 30 December 2013].
  • Edmund Blair and Ayman Samir, “Arabs seek U.N. support for Syria Peace Plan”.
  • “Arab league to submit Syria proposals to U.N. council”, 23 May 2013. at http://english. alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2013/05/23/Arab-league-to-submit-Syria-proposals-to- U-N-council-.html [last visited 1 January 2014].
  • Edmund Blair and Ayman Samir, “Arabs to discuss joint U.N.-Arab mission to Syria”, 9 February 2012. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/02/09/us-syria-arabs-idustre8182632 0120209?feedtype=rss&feedname=everything&virtualbrandchannel=11563 [last visited 9 December 2013].
  • “Arab League: Legitimising Syria’s opposition”, 27 March 2013, at http://www.aljazeera. com/programmes/insidestory/2013/03/201332755258725100.html. [Last visited 8 January 2014].
  • “The Arab League and Human Rights: Challenges Ahead”,p. 7. 87 Ibid., p.40.
  • “Arab League summit under way amid divisions”, 25 March 2014, at http://www.aljazeera. com/news/middleeast/2014/03/arab-league-summit-201432552716861683.html visited 31 March 2014]. [last
  • Blair and Samir, “Arabs to discuss joint U.N.-Arab mission to Syria”.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zeynep Şahin Mencütek This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 19 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Mencütek, Z. Ş. (2014). The “Rebirth” of a Dead Organization?: Questioning the Role of the Arab League in the “Arab Uprisings” Process. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, 19(2), 83-112.
AMA Mencütek ZŞ. The “Rebirth” of a Dead Organization?: Questioning the Role of the Arab League in the “Arab Uprisings” Process. PERCEPTIONS. July 2014;19(2):83-112.
Chicago Mencütek, Zeynep Şahin. “The “Rebirth” of a Dead Organization?: Questioning the Role of the Arab League in the ‘Arab Uprisings’ Process”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 19, no. 2 (July 2014): 83-112.
EndNote Mencütek ZŞ (July 1, 2014) The “Rebirth” of a Dead Organization?: Questioning the Role of the Arab League in the “Arab Uprisings” Process. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 19 2 83–112.
IEEE Z. Ş. Mencütek, “The “Rebirth” of a Dead Organization?: Questioning the Role of the Arab League in the ‘Arab Uprisings’ Process”, PERCEPTIONS, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 83–112, 2014.
ISNAD Mencütek, Zeynep Şahin. “The “Rebirth” of a Dead Organization?: Questioning the Role of the Arab League in the ‘Arab Uprisings’ Process”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs 19/2 (July 2014), 83-112.
JAMA Mencütek ZŞ. The “Rebirth” of a Dead Organization?: Questioning the Role of the Arab League in the “Arab Uprisings” Process. PERCEPTIONS. 2014;19:83–112.
MLA Mencütek, Zeynep Şahin. “The “Rebirth” of a Dead Organization?: Questioning the Role of the Arab League in the ‘Arab Uprisings’ Process”. PERCEPTIONS: Journal of International Affairs, vol. 19, no. 2, 2014, pp. 83-112.
Vancouver Mencütek ZŞ. The “Rebirth” of a Dead Organization?: Questioning the Role of the Arab League in the “Arab Uprisings” Process. PERCEPTIONS. 2014;19(2):83-112.