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The Validity and Reliability Study of Therapeutic Alliance Scale: Psychological Counselor Version

Year 2020, , 10 - 20, 01.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.02.002

Abstract

This study aimed to design a measurement tool for measuring the therapeutic alliance skills of the experts providing psychological counseling services. For the preliminary validity and reliability study of the Therapeutic Alliance Scale, 224 people working as psychological counselors were reached. After the preparation of the data for analysis and establishing the hypotheses, exploratory factor analysis was conducted in the study. As a result of the analysis, the Kaise-Meyer-Olkin KMO value was found as 0.90, and the Barlett test was determined as χ2 = 1343.61 p

References

  • Andrusyna, B. A. , Tang, T. Z., DeRubeis, R. J., & Luborsky, L. (2001). The factor structure of the Working Alliance Inventory in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 10, 173-178.
  • Bolsinger, J., Jaeger, M., Hoff, P., & Theodoridou, A. (2020). Challenges and opportunities in building and maintaining a good therapeutic relationship in acute psychiatric settings: A narrative review. Systematıc Revıew, 15. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00965.
  • Bordin, E. S. (1979). The Generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 16, 252- 260.
  • Bordin, E. S. (1994). Theory and research on the therapeutic working alliance: New directions. In A. O. Horvath and L. S. Greenberg (Eds.), The Working Alliance: Theory, Research and Practice (p. 13-38). New York: Wiley.
  • Castonguay,L.G., & Beutler,L.E. (2006). Principles of therapeutic change that work. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Cuijpers, P., Cristea, I.A., Karyotaki, E., Reijnders, M., & Hollon, S.D. (2019). Component studies of psychological treatments of adult depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychother. Res. 29(1):15–29. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2017.1395922
  • Clarkin, J.F., & Levy, K.N. (2004). The influence of client variables on psychotherapy. In M.J., Lambert (Eds.), Bergin & Garfield’s Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (5th ed., pp.194-226). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Çapa, Y., Cakiroglu, J., & Sarikaya, H. (2005). The development and validation of a Turkish version of teachers’ sense of efficacy scale. Egitim ve Bilim, 30, 137, 74-87
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş.(2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli SPSS ve LİSREL uygulamaları. Ankara: PegemA Yayıncılık.
  • Florsheim, P., Shotorbani, S., Guest-Warnick, G., Barratt, T., & Hwang, W. (2000). Role of the working alliance in the treatment of delinquent boys in community-based programs. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 94-107.
  • Gaston, L. (1990). The Concept of the alliance and its role in psychotherapy: Theoretical and empirical considerations. Psychotherapy, 27, 143-153.
  • Gelso, C. J., & Carter, J. (1985). The Relationship in counseling and psychotherapy. The Counseling Psychologist, 13, 155-243.
  • Goldfried, M. R., & Davilla, J. (2005). The role of relationship and technique in therapeutic change. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42, 421–430.
  • Hair, J., Black, B. Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2005). Multivariate data analysis (6th edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Henson, R. K., & Roberts, J. K. (2006). Use of exploratory factor analysis in published research. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66 (3), 393-416.
  • Hill, C. E. (1991). Almost everything you ever wanted to know about how to do process research on counseling and psychotherapy but didn't know who to ask. In C. E. Watkins and L. J. Schneider (Eds.), Research in Counseling, 85-118.
  • Hill, C.E., & Lambert, M.J. (2004). Methodological ıssues in studying psychotherapy processes and outcomes. In M. J. Lambert (Eds.), Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (p.84-135). New York: Wiley.
  • Horvath, A. O., & Luborsky, L. (1993). The role of therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 561- 573.
  • Horvath, A. O., & Symonds, B. D. (1991). Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: A Meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 139-149.
  • Kandemir, M., & İlhan, İ. (2019). Terapötik ittifak ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması: Psikolojik danışman formu. 28. Uluslarası Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi Kongresi, Ankara, 25-28 Mayıs.
  • Kandemir, M. (2017). Psikolojik danışmanlar açısından terapötik ittifakın incelenmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi. Tokat.
  • Kline, P. (1994). An easy guide to factor analysis. London, Routledge.
  • Krieger, E., Moritz, S., Weil, R., & Nagel, M. (2018). Patients’ attitudes towards and acceptance of coercion in psychiatry. Psychiatry Res 260,478–85. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.029.
  • Lambert, M. J. (1992). Psychotherapy outcome research: Implications for integrative and eclectic therapists. In J. C. Norcross & M. R. Goldfried (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy integration, (pp. 94-129). New York: Basic
  • Lambert, M. J., Bergin, A.E., & Garfield, S.L. (2004). Introduction and historical overview. In M. J. Lambert (Eds.), Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (p.3-16). New York: Wiley.
  • Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Ollendick, T.H. (2014). Advances toward evidence based practice: Where to from here? Behavior Therapy, 45, 51-55.
  • Orlinsky, D. E., Rİnnestad, M. H., & Willutzki, U. (2004). Fifty years of psychotherapy process-outcome research: Continuity and change. In M. J. Lambert (Eds.), Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (p.307- 390). New York: Wiley.
  • Rogers, D. (2009). The working alliance in teaching and learning: Theoretical clarity and research implications. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 3, 1-9. doi: 10.20429/ijsotl.2009.030228
  • Safran, J. D., Muran, J. C., & Rothman (2006). Has the concept of the therapeutic alliance outlived its usefulness? Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(3), 286-291.
  • Scherer, Robert F., Wiebe, F. A., Luther, D. C., & Adams J. S. (1988). Dimensionality of coping: Factor stability using the ways of coping questionnaire. Psychological Reports, 62, 763-770.
  • Sharma, S. (1996). Applied multivariate techniques. United States: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Soygüt, G., & Işıklı, S. (2008).Terapötik ittifakın değerlendirilmesi: Terapötik ittifak ölçeğinin güvenilirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 19 (4), 398-408.
  • Sprenkle, D., & Blow A. (2004). Common factors and our sacred models. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 30, 113–129.
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3, 6, 49-74.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş, temel ilkeler ve lisrel uygulamaları. Ekinoks Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Wampold, B. E. (2010). The basic of psychotherapy: An introduction to theory and practice. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Wexler, J. (2006). The relationship between therapist mindfulness and the therapeutic alliance. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Baston, Massachusetts.
  • Zetzel, E. R. (1956). Current concepts of transference. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 37, 369-376.
Year 2020, , 10 - 20, 01.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.02.002

Abstract

References

  • Andrusyna, B. A. , Tang, T. Z., DeRubeis, R. J., & Luborsky, L. (2001). The factor structure of the Working Alliance Inventory in cognitive-behavioral therapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Practice and Research, 10, 173-178.
  • Bolsinger, J., Jaeger, M., Hoff, P., & Theodoridou, A. (2020). Challenges and opportunities in building and maintaining a good therapeutic relationship in acute psychiatric settings: A narrative review. Systematıc Revıew, 15. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00965.
  • Bordin, E. S. (1979). The Generalizability of the psychoanalytic concept of the working alliance. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 16, 252- 260.
  • Bordin, E. S. (1994). Theory and research on the therapeutic working alliance: New directions. In A. O. Horvath and L. S. Greenberg (Eds.), The Working Alliance: Theory, Research and Practice (p. 13-38). New York: Wiley.
  • Castonguay,L.G., & Beutler,L.E. (2006). Principles of therapeutic change that work. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Cuijpers, P., Cristea, I.A., Karyotaki, E., Reijnders, M., & Hollon, S.D. (2019). Component studies of psychological treatments of adult depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychother. Res. 29(1):15–29. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2017.1395922
  • Clarkin, J.F., & Levy, K.N. (2004). The influence of client variables on psychotherapy. In M.J., Lambert (Eds.), Bergin & Garfield’s Handbook of psychotherapy and behavior change (5th ed., pp.194-226). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Çapa, Y., Cakiroglu, J., & Sarikaya, H. (2005). The development and validation of a Turkish version of teachers’ sense of efficacy scale. Egitim ve Bilim, 30, 137, 74-87
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş.(2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli SPSS ve LİSREL uygulamaları. Ankara: PegemA Yayıncılık.
  • Florsheim, P., Shotorbani, S., Guest-Warnick, G., Barratt, T., & Hwang, W. (2000). Role of the working alliance in the treatment of delinquent boys in community-based programs. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 94-107.
  • Gaston, L. (1990). The Concept of the alliance and its role in psychotherapy: Theoretical and empirical considerations. Psychotherapy, 27, 143-153.
  • Gelso, C. J., & Carter, J. (1985). The Relationship in counseling and psychotherapy. The Counseling Psychologist, 13, 155-243.
  • Goldfried, M. R., & Davilla, J. (2005). The role of relationship and technique in therapeutic change. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 42, 421–430.
  • Hair, J., Black, B. Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2005). Multivariate data analysis (6th edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Henson, R. K., & Roberts, J. K. (2006). Use of exploratory factor analysis in published research. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66 (3), 393-416.
  • Hill, C. E. (1991). Almost everything you ever wanted to know about how to do process research on counseling and psychotherapy but didn't know who to ask. In C. E. Watkins and L. J. Schneider (Eds.), Research in Counseling, 85-118.
  • Hill, C.E., & Lambert, M.J. (2004). Methodological ıssues in studying psychotherapy processes and outcomes. In M. J. Lambert (Eds.), Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (p.84-135). New York: Wiley.
  • Horvath, A. O., & Luborsky, L. (1993). The role of therapeutic alliance in psychotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 561- 573.
  • Horvath, A. O., & Symonds, B. D. (1991). Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: A Meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38, 139-149.
  • Kandemir, M., & İlhan, İ. (2019). Terapötik ittifak ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması: Psikolojik danışman formu. 28. Uluslarası Eğitim Bilimleri Kongresi Kongresi, Ankara, 25-28 Mayıs.
  • Kandemir, M. (2017). Psikolojik danışmanlar açısından terapötik ittifakın incelenmesi. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü. Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi. Tokat.
  • Kline, P. (1994). An easy guide to factor analysis. London, Routledge.
  • Krieger, E., Moritz, S., Weil, R., & Nagel, M. (2018). Patients’ attitudes towards and acceptance of coercion in psychiatry. Psychiatry Res 260,478–85. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.029.
  • Lambert, M. J. (1992). Psychotherapy outcome research: Implications for integrative and eclectic therapists. In J. C. Norcross & M. R. Goldfried (Eds.), Handbook of psychotherapy integration, (pp. 94-129). New York: Basic
  • Lambert, M. J., Bergin, A.E., & Garfield, S.L. (2004). Introduction and historical overview. In M. J. Lambert (Eds.), Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (p.3-16). New York: Wiley.
  • Nunnally, J.C. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Ollendick, T.H. (2014). Advances toward evidence based practice: Where to from here? Behavior Therapy, 45, 51-55.
  • Orlinsky, D. E., Rİnnestad, M. H., & Willutzki, U. (2004). Fifty years of psychotherapy process-outcome research: Continuity and change. In M. J. Lambert (Eds.), Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change (p.307- 390). New York: Wiley.
  • Rogers, D. (2009). The working alliance in teaching and learning: Theoretical clarity and research implications. International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 3, 1-9. doi: 10.20429/ijsotl.2009.030228
  • Safran, J. D., Muran, J. C., & Rothman (2006). Has the concept of the therapeutic alliance outlived its usefulness? Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 43(3), 286-291.
  • Scherer, Robert F., Wiebe, F. A., Luther, D. C., & Adams J. S. (1988). Dimensionality of coping: Factor stability using the ways of coping questionnaire. Psychological Reports, 62, 763-770.
  • Sharma, S. (1996). Applied multivariate techniques. United States: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Soygüt, G., & Işıklı, S. (2008).Terapötik ittifakın değerlendirilmesi: Terapötik ittifak ölçeğinin güvenilirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 19 (4), 398-408.
  • Sprenkle, D., & Blow A. (2004). Common factors and our sacred models. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 30, 113–129.
  • Sümer, N. (2000). Yapısal eşitlik modelleri: Temel kavramlar ve örnek uygulamalar. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 3, 6, 49-74.
  • Şimşek, Ö. F. (2007). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesine giriş, temel ilkeler ve lisrel uygulamaları. Ekinoks Yayınları, Ankara.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using multivariate statistics (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
  • Wampold, B. E. (2010). The basic of psychotherapy: An introduction to theory and practice. Washington DC: American Psychological Association.
  • Wexler, J. (2006). The relationship between therapist mindfulness and the therapeutic alliance. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, University of Baston, Massachusetts.
  • Zetzel, E. R. (1956). Current concepts of transference. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 37, 369-376.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mehmet Kandemir This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020

Cite

APA Kandemir, M. (2020). The Validity and Reliability Study of Therapeutic Alliance Scale: Psychological Counselor Version. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(2), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.02.002