Barriers to Antenatal Care Use, Child Birth Experience and Level of Education on Actual Attendance among Pregnant Women

Abstract

Despite the wide spread awareness regarding the need to improve maternal health, maternal mortality remains a great concern in Nigeria. Consequently, the importance of medical attention required in the care of pregnant women cannot be over emphasised. This study investigates the influence of barriers to attending antenatal care among pregnant women in Ibadan. Using a survey method, a total of 114 pregnant women were purposively selected from Akinyele Local Government Area of Ibadan.Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t- test and one way analysis of variance at 0.05 level of significance. Three hypotheses were tested. Results revealed that pregnant women who had more barriers N = 54, mean = 4.5 were less likely to attend antenatal care than women who had fewer barriers N = 60, mean = 5.6 . Pregnant women who had no children nulliparous attended antenatal care more than pregnant women who have had at least one child multiparous t 112 = 1.2 p< 0.05 .Thus, barriers should be reduced by making antenatal care mobile and health care givers should be re- trained to develop more positive attitude towards better service delivery especially to pregnant women during antenatal period.

Keywords

• Barriers,Antenatal care,Actual Attendance,Pregnant Women,Public Hospitals

References

1. American Pregnancy Association.(2008).Using illegal drug during pregnancy: http://www.americanpregnancy.org /pregnancy health/ illegal drugs html.
2. Awusi, V. O., Anyanwu, E.B., &Okeleke, V. (2009). Department of Family Medicine, College of Medical Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria. Vol. 11 Supplemental December
3. Crowley, P. (2003). Prophylactic corticosteroids for preterm birth (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library, (3).
4. Digambar, A., Chimankar, D., &Harihar, S. (2011). Factors influencing the utilization of maternal health care services in Uttarakhand. Studios on Ethno Medicine, 5(3), 209-216.
5. Gazmararian, J.A., Schwartz, K.S., Amacker, L.B., & Powell, C. L. (1997). Barriers to prenatal care among medicaid managed care enrollees: Patient and provider perceptions. HMO Practice, 11(1), 18-24.
6. Healthy People 2020.(2014). Maternal, Infant and Child Health; published by Federal government website, managed by the U.S Department of Health and Human Services
7. Imad, A. & Bhutta Z.A. (2011). Effect of balanced protein energy supplement during pregnancy on birth outcomes; BMC public health.
8. Kramer, M. &Kakuma, R. (2003) Energy and protein intake in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. p. CD000032.

9. Kitzinger, S., (1984) The experience of child birth, edition 5, Harmondsworth Penguin.
10. Lawn,J.E., Blencowe, H., & Pattisson, R. (2011). For lancet’s still births series steering committee. Stillbirths; where? When? Why? How to make data count. Lancet, 377, 1448–1463. doi:10.1016/S0140- 6736(10)62187-3
11. Lincetto O, Mothebesoane-Anoh S, Gomez P, Munjanja, S.P. (2006). Opportunities for Africa's Newborns: practical data, policy and programmatic support for newborn care in Africa. Cape Town: PMNCH.
12. Maslow A.H. (1943). A theory of Human Motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396.
13. Obasi, B. (2016) 40,000 Nigerian women die yearly during child birth- Report (Abuja) The Sun- newsonline.com.
14. Opportunities for Africa’s Newborns.(2010). Practical data policy and programmatic support for newborn care in Africa. Antenatal Care. The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health (Pmnch).
15. Oyinlola, O.A & Sunmola, A.M., (2013). Barriers to antenatal care use scale. Unpublished Dissertation submitted to the Department of Psychology, Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan,Nigeria.
16. Pandey, A., Roy, N., Sahu, D., & Acharya R. (2004). Maternal health care services: Observations from Chhatisgarh Jharkhand and Uttaranchal. Economic and Political Weekly, 39, 713-720.
17. Peltzer, K. & Ajegbomogun, B. (2005). Utilisation of Antenatal Care in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital. African Journal of Reproductive Health, 9(3),159-161.
18. Regenstein, M., Cummings, L. & Huang, J. (2005). Barriers to Prenatal Care: Findings from a Survey of Low- Incomeand Uninsured Women Who Deliverat Safety Net Hospitals. National Public Health and Hospital Institute Washington, DC United States of America.
19. Ryan, D., Milis, L., &Misri, N. (2005). Depression during pregnancy. Canadian Family Physician, 51(8), 1087- 1093.
20. Rogers, C., & Schiff, M. (1996). Early Versus Late Prenatal Care in New Mexico: Barriers and Motivators. Birth, 23(1), 26-30.
21. Saving New Born Lives in Nigeria.(2011). Newborn Health in the context of the integrated maternal newborn and child strategy: Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria.
22. Strickland, J., & Strickland, D.L. (1996) Barriers to preventive health services for minority households in the Rural South. Journal of Rural Health, 12(3), 206-217.
23. Tayebi, T., Shahnaz, T. Z., & Rezaali, M. (2013). Relationship between adequacy of prenatal care utilization index and pregnancy outcomes. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research, 18(5), 360-366.
24. Tinker, A., Hoope-Bender, P., Azfar, S., Bustreo, F. & Bell R. (2005). A continuum of care to save newborn lives. Lancet, 365, 822-825.
25. U.S National Library of Medicine. (2012). Definition of Prenatal care Medicine Net.
26. World Development Indicators. (2013). World Bank collection of development indicators
27. World Health Organization. (2008). Antenatal care for uncompleted pregnancies clinical guidelines (CG62) United Kingdom : National institute for health and clinical excellence. (PMNCH)