Participation in Physical Activity and Social Media Addiction in Students

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 52 - 60, 28.09.2020

Ülfet Erbaş , Hüseyin Gümüş

Abstract

The purpose of this research was to examine participation in physical activity and social media
addiction among university students. A total of 462 university students from 3 different universities
voluntarily participated in the study. In the study, the “Motivation Scale for Participation in Physical
Activity” and “Facebook addiction scale” were used as data collection tools. In the study, the
independent sample t-test and One-way ANOVA test were applied for normally distributed data
depending on the number of variables. Also, correlation analysis and regression analysis were used.
According to the simple linear regression analysis conducted to determine the effect of motivation
on participation in physical activity on social media addiction, it was determined that the model
established was statistically significant (F=70.305; p<0.05) and the ratio of explanation of the
dependent variable by the independent variable was R2=0.182. It was determined that the most
important factor that motivates students to participate in physical activity is individualistic reasons.
Individualistic reasons were followed by environmental and causality factors, respectively. The
results of the study show that students' participation in physical activity and social media addiction
was not significantly differ in terms of their gender.

Keywords

Physical activity, motivation, social media, addiction

References

• Aaker, D.A., Kumar, V., & Day, G.S. (2007). Marketing research, (9. Edition). John Wiley & Sons, Danvers.
• Alemdağ, S., & Öncü, E. (2015). The investigation of participation physical activity and social appearance anxiety at the preservice teachers. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport (IntJSCS), 3, 287- 300. doi: 10.14486/IJSCS291.
• Alioğlu, N. (2016). A field research on social media as means of emotional satisfaction. Bujss, 9(2), 1-27. doi: 0.18221/bujss.59416.
• Alt, D. (2018). Students’ wellbeing, fear of missing out, and social media engagement for leisure in higher education learning environments. Current Psychology, 37(1), 128-138. doi: 10.1007/s12144-016-9496-1.
• Andreassen, C. S., Pallesen, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addictive behaviors, 64, 287-293. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.03.006.
• Asma, M. B., & Gencer, Y. G. (2019). Assessing university students' physical activity levels in terms of different variables. International Journal of Progressive Education, 15(2), 1-8.
• Ayhan, C., Eskiler, E., & Soyer, F. (2017). Investigation of the effects of constraints to be occured in active athletes participation to the recreative activities on life satisfaction and quality. Erpa Int. Congresses on Education, Budapest-Hungary. pp: 164-175.
• Baltacı, G. (2012). Obesity and exercise, Sağlık Bakanlığı Yayın No: 730, Ankara. Bek N. (2012). Fiziksel aktivite ve sağlığımız, (1.Baskı). Reklam Kurdu Ajansı Org. Tan. Tas. Rek. San. Tic., Ankara, s:10-13.
• Bulgu, N., Arıtan, C. K., & Aşçı, F. H. (2007). Daily life, women and physical activity. Hacettepe J. of Sport Sciences, 18(4), 167-181.
• Büyükaslan, A., & Kırık, A. M. (2013). Sosyalleşen birey sosyal medya, Konya: Çizgi Kitabevi.
• Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çakmak, E. K., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri, (17.Baskı). Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Cheah, Y. K., & Poh, B. K. (2014). The determinants of participation in physical activity in Malaysia. Osong public health and research perspectives, 5(1), 20-27. doi: 10.1016/j.phrp.2013.12.002.
• Chen, S., Liu, Y., & Schaben, J. (2017). To move more and sit less: Does physical activity/fitness knowledge matter in youth?. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 36(2), 142-151. doi: 10.1123/jtpe.2016-0137.
• Çakır, E. (2019). The investigation of the relationship between the body mass index and the participation in physical activity of high school students. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(1-A), 30-39.
• Çam, E. (2012). Educational and general use of facebook and facebook addiction of teacher candidates (SAU College of Education Sample). (Master Thesis). Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology Sakarya University. Sakarya.
• El-Bagoury, L., Hassan, A., & AbouSeif, H. (2017). Eating attitudes and barriers to healthy eating and physical activity among a sample of university students in Egypt. Journal of Egyptian Public Health Association, 92(1), 29-35. doi: 10.21608/EPX.2018.6650.
• Esatbeyoğlu, F., & Karahan, B. G. (2014). Perceived participation barriers to physical activity among individuals with disabilities. Hacettepe J. of Sport Sciences, 25(2), 43-55.
• Eskiler, E., & Küçükibiş, H. F. (2019). Sources of social support in physical activity participation: the moderating effect of gender. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 6(3), 82-90.
• Güler, H., & Türkmen, M. (2018). Investigation of the effects of leisure time constraints of the university students in physical education and sport scholls on their leisure time motivation: Bartın university sample. International Journal of Recreation and Sports Science, 2(1), 39-52. doi: 10.46463/ijrss.490963.
• Gumus, H., Honca, A. A., & Cetinkaya, T. (2019). Perceived social support in recreational activity participation: a study on students. Higher Education Studies, 9(1), 151-158.
• Gumus, H., & Isik, O. (2018). The relationship of physical activity level, leisure motivation and quality of life in candidate teachers. International Journal of Progressive Education, 14(5), 22-32. doi:10.29329/ijpe.2018.157.3.
• Gümüş, H., Alay, Ö. S., & Karakılıç, M. (2017). Fiziksel aktivite için park ve rekreasyon alanlarına gelen kullanıcıların mekân seçimini ve fiziksel aktiviteye katılımını etkileyen faktörler, Spormetre, 15(1), 31- 38. doi: 10.1501/Sporm_0000000305.
• Hanna, K., Hanley, A., Huddy, A., McDonald, M. D., & Willer, F. (2017). Physical activity participation and nutrition and physical activity knowledge in university dance students. Medical problems of performing artists, 32(1), 1-7. doi: 10.21091/mppa.2017.1001.
• Haşıloğlu, S. B., Baran, T., & Aydın, O. (2015). A study on the potential problems in marketing research: convenience sampling and scale items with adverbs of frequency. Pamukkale İşletme ve Bilişim Yönetimi Dergisi, 2(1), 19-28. doi: 10.5505/pibyd.2015.47966/1.
• Kara, F. M. (2019). Internet addiction: Relationship with perceived freedom in leisure, perception of boredom and sensation seeking. Higher Education Studies, 9(2), 131-140.
• Karasar, N. (2009). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Ankara: Nobel Yayın.
• Kinnear, T. C., & Taylor, J. R. (1996). Marketing research an applied approach, International Edition, McGraw Hill.
• Kula, H., Ayhan, C., Kaçay, Z., & Soyer, F. (2020). The relationship between smartphone addiction and life satisfaction: faculty of sport sciences students. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(1), 86-95.
• Lapa, T. Y., & Korkmaz, N. H. (2017). Effect of physical activity levels on negative and positive affect comparison to the gender: Sample of Akdeniz and Uludağ Universities. Journal of Human Sciences, 14(4), 3177-3187. doi:10.14687/jhs.v14i4.4478.
• Lopez, V. (2019). No Latina girls allowed: Gender-based teasing within school sports and physical activity contexts. Youth & Society, 51(3), 377-393. doi: 10.1177/0044118X18767772.
• Malhotra, N. K. (2004). Marketing research an applied orientation, (4. Edition). Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
• Masmanidis, T., Gargalianos, D., & Kosta, G. (2009). Perceived constrains of Greek university students’ participation in campus recreational sport programs. Recreational Sports Journal, 33, 150-166.
• Öztürk, M. A., (2019). Comparison of constraints on participation in recreational physical activity of university students. Gelecek Vizyonlar Dergisi, 3(1), 12-19. doi: 10.29345/futvis.68.
• Payán, D. D., Sloane, D. C., Illum, J., & Lewis, L. B. (2019). Intrapersonal and environmental barriers to physical activity among Blacks and Latinos. Journal of nutrition education and behavior, 51(4), 478-485. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2018.10.001.
• Pehlivan, Z. (2009). The expectations of the families from their children who are participating sports, behavioral changes that are observed in children and obstacles to participation to sports. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 69-76. doi: 10.1501/Sporm_0000000152.
• Rose, D. J., & Fisher, K. L. (2018). The role of government policy in promoting physical activity. ın the palgrave handbook of ageing and physical activity promotion (pp. 607-626). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
• Ross, A. M., & Melzer, T. (2016). Beliefs as barriers to healthy eating and physical activity. Australian Journal of Psychology, 68(4), 251-260. doi: 10.1111/ajpy.12103.
• Sallis, J. F., Cerin, E., Conway, T. L., Adams, M. A., Frank, L. D., Pratt, M., ... & Davey, R. (2016). Physical activity in relation to urban environments in 14 cities worldwide: A cross-sectional study. The Lancet, 387(10034), 2207-2217. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(15)01284-2.
• Santiago, J. A., Morales, J., Disch, J. G., & Morrow Jr, J. R. (2016). Preservice physical education teachers' content knowledge of physical activity and health-related fitness. The Ichper-Sd Journal of Research, 44(1), 86-100.
• Sarol, H. (2017). Examination of the constraints and facilitators to physical activity participation of individuals. Journal of Human Sciences, 14(4), 4354-4364. doi:10.14687/jhs.v14i4.5121.
• Shim, D., & Stengel, F. A. (2017). Social media, gender and the mediatization of war: exploring the German armed forces’ visual representation of the Afghanistan operation on Facebook. Global Discourse, 7(2- 3), 330-347. doi: 10.1080/23269995.2017.1337982.
• Swart, J., Peters, C., & Broersma, M. (2019). Sharing and discussing news in private social media groups: The social function of news and current affairs in location-based, work-oriented and leisure-focused communities. Digital Journalism, 7(2), 187-205. doi: 10.1080/21670811.2018.1465351.
• Tekkurşun Demir, G. T. & Cicioğlu, H. İ. (2019). The relationship between motivation for physical activity participation and motivation for digital gaming. Spormetre Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(3), 23-34. doi: 10.33689/spormetre.522609.
• Tekkurşun Demir, G., & Cicioğlu, H. İ. (2018). Motivation scale for participation in physical activity (MSPPA): A study of validity and reliability, Journal of Human Sciences, 15(4), 2479-2492.
• Thompson, A. M., Rehman, L. A., & Humbert, M. L. (2005). Factors influencing the physically active leisure of children and youth: A qualitative study, Journal of Leisure Studies, 27(5), 421-438. doi: 10.1080/01490400500227324.
• Wasd. (2019). Global digital report. Retriwen from: https://wearesocial.com/global-digital-report-2019.
• Wuerstl, K. R., Hoekstra, F., Gainforth, H. L., & Ginis, K. A. (2019). Relationships between cigarette smoking, leisure-time physical activity, and social participation among persons with spinal cord injury. Journal of Exercise, Movement, and Sport (Scapps refereed abstracts repository), 51(1), 265-265.
• Yılmaz, M., Sertbaş, K., & Gumus, H. (2019). Gönüllülerin faaliyetlere katılım nedenleri ve motivasyonel faktörlerin analizi: Gençlik merkezleri örneği. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 21(3), 117-127.
• Zaragoza, J., Generelo, E., Julián, J. A., & Abarca-Sos, A. (2011). Barriers to adolescent girls' participation in physical activity defined by physical activity levels. The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness, 51(1), 128-135.
• Zheng, W., Yuan, C. H., Chang, W. H., & Wu, Y. C. J. (2016). Profile pictures on social media: Gender and regional differences. Computers in Human Behavior, 63, 891-898. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.041.
• Zikmund, W. G. (1997). Business research methods,(5. Edition). The Dryden Press, Okhama.