An Examination of the Workplace and Out of Workplace Leisure Behaviors of Academic Staff
Year 2020,
Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 195 - 202, 28.09.2020
Ümit Doğan Üstün
,
Nurullah Emir Ekinci
,
Akay Suner
Buket Aydemir
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the workplace and out of workplace leisure behaviors of the academic staff
according to age and academic title. The study was designed as a cross-sectional quantitative study. 229
teaching academic staff from Hatay Mustafa Kemal University participated in the research voluntarily. To
obtain data, workplace and out of workplace leisure behaviors scales were used. The data was analyzed with
SPSS 22 for Windows using One Way ANOVA. According to analysis results, both workplace and out of
workplace leisure behaviors of the academic staff significantly changed according to age and academic title. As
a conclusion this study showed that the most inlying workplace leisure activity for the participants was
"activities related to non-business reading," and the most distal activity was “mental activities”. On the other
hand, the most inlying out of workplace leisure activity was “internet-based activities”, and the most distal
activity was “society based activities". Besides, these preferences differed significantly according to age and
academic title.
References
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participation in leisure activities by high school students: A sample of Turkey. Education Sciences,
8(2), 86: 1-9.
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çerçeve. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(1), 590-604.
- Başarangil, İ. (2018). Akademisyenlerin boş zaman aktivitelerine katılımı, iş tatmini ve iş verimliliği:
Kırklareli üniversitesi’nde bir araştırma. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 5(2), 155-170.
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energy and performance. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia,
USA.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. (7.Baskı), Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
- Ekinci, N. E., Yalçın, İ., & Soyer, F. (2017). Digital game addiction level of high school students in
Turkey. Acta Kinesiologica, 11(2), 98-103.
- Endrejat, P. C., Barthauer, L., & Kauffeld, S. (2018). Let’s go out for a drink after work! The relation between
leisure time spent with colleagues and employees’ life satisfaction. Journal of Workplace Behavioral
Health, 33(1), 63-74.
- Fritz, C., Ellis, A. M., Demsky, C. A., Lin, B. C., & Guros, F. (2013). Embracing work breaks: Recovering from
work stress. Organizational Dynamics, 42(4), 274-280.
- Galinsky, T. L., Swanson, N. G., Sauter, S. L., Dunkin, R., Hurrell, J. J., & Schleifer, L. M. (2007).
Supplementary breaks and stretching exercises for data entry operators: A follow-up field study.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 50(7), 519-527.
- Gratton, C., & Jones, I. (2010). Research Methods for Sports Studies. London Taylor & Francis.
- Hallbeck, M. S., Lowndes, B. R., Bingener, J., Abdelrahman, A. M., Yu, D., Bartley, A., & Park, A. E. (2017).
The impact of intraoperative microbreaks with exercises on surgeons: A multi-center cohort study.
Applied Ergonomics, 60, 334–341.
- Haworth, J., & Lewis, S. (2005). Work, leisure and well-being. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling,
33(1), 67-79.
- Henderson, K. A., Presley, J., & Bialeschki, M. D. (2004). Theory in recreation and leisure research:
Reflections from the editors. Leisure Sciences, 26, 411–425.
- Keskin, U., & Bayram, A. (2018). Rekreatif aktivitelerin tüketim ürünleri sınıflandırması bağlamında
değerlendirilmesi. Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(SI1), 1-13.
- Kim, S., Park, Y., & Headrick, L. (2018). Daily micro-breaks and job performance: General work engagement
as a cross-level moderator. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(7), 772– 786.
- Kim, S., Park, Y., & Niu, Q. (2016). Micro-break activities at work to recover from daily work demands.
Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(1), 28-44.
- Kühnel, J., Zacher, H., de Bloom, J., & Bledow, R. (2016). Take a break! Benefits of sleep and short breaks for
daily work engagement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26(4), 481–491.
- Mannell, R. C., & Kleiber, D. A. (1997). A social psychology of leisure. State College, PA: Venture Publishing Inc.
Mijović, P., Ković, V., Mačužić, I., Todorović, P., Jeremić, B., Milovanović, M., & Gligorijević, I. (2015). Do
micro-breaks increase the attention level of an assembly worker? An ERP study. Procedia
Manufacturing, 3, 5074–5080.
- Mokaya, S. O., & Gitari, J. W. (2012). Effects of workplace recreation on employee performance: The case of
Kenya Utalii College. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(3), 176-183.
- Mota, J., & Esculcas, C. (2002). Leisure-time physical activity behavior: structured and unstructured choices
according to sex, age, and level of physical activity. International journal of behavioral medicine, 9(2),
111-121.
- Neulinger, J. (1981). The psychology of leisure. Springfield III.: Charles C. Thomas Publisher.
- Neulinger, J. (1984). Key questions evoked by a state of mind conceptualization of leisure. Society and Leisure,
7(1), 23-36.
- Oruç, K. O., Çekin, E., & Tenderis, A. E. (2010). Türkiye’deki devlet üniversitelerinde öğretim elemanlarının
ders yükü. Journal of World of Turks, 2(3), 213-238.
- Osmanlı, U., & Kaya, S. (2014). Püritanizmden hedonizme değişen boş zaman kavramı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi
Sosyolojik Araştırmalar E-dergisi.
- Özçelik Z. (2017). Çalışanların mesai içi ve dışı boş zaman davranışlarının iş performansı ve ruhsal sağlıkları
üzerindeki etkisi. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Erciyes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü,
Kayseri.
- Park, A.E., Zahiri, H.R., Hallbeck, M.S., Augenstein, V., Sutton, E., Yu, D., . . . Bingener, J. (2017).
Intraoperative “micro breaks” with targeted stretching enhance surgeon physical function and
mental focus: A multicenter cohort study. Annals of Surgery, 265(2), 340–346.
- Rojek, C. (1997). Leisure theory: Retrospect and prospect. Society and Leisure, 20(2), 383-400.
Sonnentag, S. 2003. Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface
between non-work and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 518-528.
- Stebbins R. A. (2016). Serbest zaman fikri temel ilkeler. (Çev: Demirel ve ark.). Ankara: Spor Yayınevi.
Tel, M. (2014). Surveying of the leisure time activities of the academicians employed at the school of physical
education and sports (Turkey Example). Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 4 (S4),
2100-2111.
- Trougakos, J. P., Beal, D. J., Green, S. G., & Weiss, H. M. (2008). Making the break count: An episodic
examination of recovery activities, emotional experiences, and positive affective displays. Academy of
Management Journal, 51(1), 131-146.
- Trougakos, J. P., & Hideg, I. (2009). Momentary work recovery: The role of within-day work breaks. Research
in Occupational Stress and Wellbeing, 7, 37-84.
- Van Eerd, D., Munhall, C., Irvin, E., Rempel, D., Brewer, S., Van Der Beek, A. J., ... & Amick, B. (2016).
Effectiveness of workplace interventions in the prevention of upper extremity musculoskeletal
disorders and symptoms: an update of the evidence. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 73(1),
62-70.
- Walker, G. J., & Wang, X. (2008). The meaning of leisure for Chinese/Canadians. Leisure Sciences,31(1), 1–18.
- Westman, M., & Eden, D. (1997). Effects of a respite from work on burnout: Vacation relief and fade out.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 516-527.
- Yang, X., Telama, R., Hirvensalo, M., Hintsanen, M., Hintsa, T., Pulkki-Råback, L., & Viikari, J. S. A. (2010).
The benefits of sustained leisure-time physical activity on job strain. Occupational medicine, 60(5), 369-
375.
- Zacher, H., Brailsford, H. A., & Parker, S. L. (2014). Micro-breaks matter: A diary study on the effects of
energy management strategies on occupational well-being. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 287–
297.
- Zhang, C. (2018). Work and non-work activities in replenishing workday energy: Meetings, individual work, and
micro breaks. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Michigan, Michigan, USA.
Year 2020,
Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 195 - 202, 28.09.2020
Ümit Doğan Üstün
,
Nurullah Emir Ekinci
,
Akay Suner
Buket Aydemir
References
- Ayhan, C., Ekinci, N. E., Yalçın, I., & Yiğit, Ş. (2018). Investigation of constraints that occur during
participation in leisure activities by high school students: A sample of Turkey. Education Sciences,
8(2), 86: 1-9.
- Aykan, E., & Özçelik, Z. (2020). Mesai içi ve dışı boş zaman davranışlarının yönetimi: Teorik
çerçeve. MANAS Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(1), 590-604.
- Başarangil, İ. (2018). Akademisyenlerin boş zaman aktivitelerine katılımı, iş tatmini ve iş verimliliği:
Kırklareli üniversitesi’nde bir araştırma. Turizm Akademik Dergisi, 5(2), 155-170.
- Bennett A. (2015). Take five? Examining the impact of micro break duration, activities, and appraisals on human
energy and performance. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia,
USA.
- Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2007). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. (7.Baskı), Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
- Ekinci, N. E., Yalçın, İ., & Soyer, F. (2017). Digital game addiction level of high school students in
Turkey. Acta Kinesiologica, 11(2), 98-103.
- Endrejat, P. C., Barthauer, L., & Kauffeld, S. (2018). Let’s go out for a drink after work! The relation between
leisure time spent with colleagues and employees’ life satisfaction. Journal of Workplace Behavioral
Health, 33(1), 63-74.
- Fritz, C., Ellis, A. M., Demsky, C. A., Lin, B. C., & Guros, F. (2013). Embracing work breaks: Recovering from
work stress. Organizational Dynamics, 42(4), 274-280.
- Galinsky, T. L., Swanson, N. G., Sauter, S. L., Dunkin, R., Hurrell, J. J., & Schleifer, L. M. (2007).
Supplementary breaks and stretching exercises for data entry operators: A follow-up field study.
American Journal of Industrial Medicine, 50(7), 519-527.
- Gratton, C., & Jones, I. (2010). Research Methods for Sports Studies. London Taylor & Francis.
- Hallbeck, M. S., Lowndes, B. R., Bingener, J., Abdelrahman, A. M., Yu, D., Bartley, A., & Park, A. E. (2017).
The impact of intraoperative microbreaks with exercises on surgeons: A multi-center cohort study.
Applied Ergonomics, 60, 334–341.
- Haworth, J., & Lewis, S. (2005). Work, leisure and well-being. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling,
33(1), 67-79.
- Henderson, K. A., Presley, J., & Bialeschki, M. D. (2004). Theory in recreation and leisure research:
Reflections from the editors. Leisure Sciences, 26, 411–425.
- Keskin, U., & Bayram, A. (2018). Rekreatif aktivitelerin tüketim ürünleri sınıflandırması bağlamında
değerlendirilmesi. Sportif Bakış: Spor ve Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(SI1), 1-13.
- Kim, S., Park, Y., & Headrick, L. (2018). Daily micro-breaks and job performance: General work engagement
as a cross-level moderator. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(7), 772– 786.
- Kim, S., Park, Y., & Niu, Q. (2016). Micro-break activities at work to recover from daily work demands.
Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(1), 28-44.
- Kühnel, J., Zacher, H., de Bloom, J., & Bledow, R. (2016). Take a break! Benefits of sleep and short breaks for
daily work engagement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26(4), 481–491.
- Mannell, R. C., & Kleiber, D. A. (1997). A social psychology of leisure. State College, PA: Venture Publishing Inc.
Mijović, P., Ković, V., Mačužić, I., Todorović, P., Jeremić, B., Milovanović, M., & Gligorijević, I. (2015). Do
micro-breaks increase the attention level of an assembly worker? An ERP study. Procedia
Manufacturing, 3, 5074–5080.
- Mokaya, S. O., & Gitari, J. W. (2012). Effects of workplace recreation on employee performance: The case of
Kenya Utalii College. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(3), 176-183.
- Mota, J., & Esculcas, C. (2002). Leisure-time physical activity behavior: structured and unstructured choices
according to sex, age, and level of physical activity. International journal of behavioral medicine, 9(2),
111-121.
- Neulinger, J. (1981). The psychology of leisure. Springfield III.: Charles C. Thomas Publisher.
- Neulinger, J. (1984). Key questions evoked by a state of mind conceptualization of leisure. Society and Leisure,
7(1), 23-36.
- Oruç, K. O., Çekin, E., & Tenderis, A. E. (2010). Türkiye’deki devlet üniversitelerinde öğretim elemanlarının
ders yükü. Journal of World of Turks, 2(3), 213-238.
- Osmanlı, U., & Kaya, S. (2014). Püritanizmden hedonizme değişen boş zaman kavramı. Hacettepe Üniversitesi
Sosyolojik Araştırmalar E-dergisi.
- Özçelik Z. (2017). Çalışanların mesai içi ve dışı boş zaman davranışlarının iş performansı ve ruhsal sağlıkları
üzerindeki etkisi. (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Erciyes Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü,
Kayseri.
- Park, A.E., Zahiri, H.R., Hallbeck, M.S., Augenstein, V., Sutton, E., Yu, D., . . . Bingener, J. (2017).
Intraoperative “micro breaks” with targeted stretching enhance surgeon physical function and
mental focus: A multicenter cohort study. Annals of Surgery, 265(2), 340–346.
- Rojek, C. (1997). Leisure theory: Retrospect and prospect. Society and Leisure, 20(2), 383-400.
Sonnentag, S. 2003. Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface
between non-work and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 518-528.
- Stebbins R. A. (2016). Serbest zaman fikri temel ilkeler. (Çev: Demirel ve ark.). Ankara: Spor Yayınevi.
Tel, M. (2014). Surveying of the leisure time activities of the academicians employed at the school of physical
education and sports (Turkey Example). Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 4 (S4),
2100-2111.
- Trougakos, J. P., Beal, D. J., Green, S. G., & Weiss, H. M. (2008). Making the break count: An episodic
examination of recovery activities, emotional experiences, and positive affective displays. Academy of
Management Journal, 51(1), 131-146.
- Trougakos, J. P., & Hideg, I. (2009). Momentary work recovery: The role of within-day work breaks. Research
in Occupational Stress and Wellbeing, 7, 37-84.
- Van Eerd, D., Munhall, C., Irvin, E., Rempel, D., Brewer, S., Van Der Beek, A. J., ... & Amick, B. (2016).
Effectiveness of workplace interventions in the prevention of upper extremity musculoskeletal
disorders and symptoms: an update of the evidence. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 73(1),
62-70.
- Walker, G. J., & Wang, X. (2008). The meaning of leisure for Chinese/Canadians. Leisure Sciences,31(1), 1–18.
- Westman, M., & Eden, D. (1997). Effects of a respite from work on burnout: Vacation relief and fade out.
Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 516-527.
- Yang, X., Telama, R., Hirvensalo, M., Hintsanen, M., Hintsa, T., Pulkki-Råback, L., & Viikari, J. S. A. (2010).
The benefits of sustained leisure-time physical activity on job strain. Occupational medicine, 60(5), 369-
375.
- Zacher, H., Brailsford, H. A., & Parker, S. L. (2014). Micro-breaks matter: A diary study on the effects of
energy management strategies on occupational well-being. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 287–
297.
- Zhang, C. (2018). Work and non-work activities in replenishing workday energy: Meetings, individual work, and
micro breaks. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). University of Michigan, Michigan, USA.