BibTex RIS Cite

The Validity And Reliability Of The Turkish Version Of The Online Counseling And Face-To-Face Counseling Attitudes Scale

Year 2014, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 15 - 22, 01.09.2014

İbrahim Demirci Ali Haydar Şar Abdullah Manap

https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2014.01.002

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Online Counseling Attitudes Scale OCAS and Face-to-Face Counseling Attitudes Scale OCAS Rochlen, Beretvas, & Zack, 2004 . OCAS and FCAS loaded on four factors and the factors were named Value of Online Counseling OC-V , Discomfort with Online Counseling OC-D , Value of Face-to-Face Counseling FC-V and Discomfort with Face-to-Face Counseling FC-D . The results of confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the four dimensional model was well fit x²=323.61, df=157, p=0.00000, RMSEA=.056, NFI=.94, CFI=.96, IFI=.96, RFI=.92, GFI=.91, and SRMR=.071 . Factor loadings ranged from .47 to .88. The internal consistency coefficients of four subscales were .84, .80, .88 and .78. Overall, findings demonstrated that OCAS and FCAS may be used as a valid and reliable instrument in order to assess attitudes toward online counseling and face to face counseling of individuals.

Keywords

Online counselling attitudes validiy reliability scale adaptation

References

  • Austin, D., & Kiropoulos, L. (2007). An Internet‐based investigation of the catastrophic misinterpretation model of panic disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(2), 233–242. DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.01.013.
  • Barak, A. (1999). Psychological applications on the internet: A discipline on the threshold of a new millennium.
  • Applied and Preventive Psychology, 8, 231‐246. DOI: 10.1016/S0962‐1849(05)80038‐1.
  • Barak, A., Hen, L., Boniel‐Nissim, M., & Shapira, N. (2008). A comprehensive review and a meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of internet‐based psychotherapeutic interventions. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 26, 109–60. DOI: 10.1080/15228830802094429.
  • Beattie, A., Shaw, A., Kaur, S., & Kessler, D. (2009). Primary‐care patients expectations and experiences of online cognitive behavioral therapy for depression: a qualitative study. Blackwell Publishing Ltd Health Expectations, 12, 45–59. DOI: 10.1111/j.1369‐7625.2008.00531.x.
  • Bentler, P. M. (1980). Multivariate analysis with latent variables: Causal modeling. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 419‐456. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ps.31.020180.002223.
  • Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588‐606. DOI: 10.1037/0033‐2909.88.3.588.
  • Berger, T., Caspar, F., Richardson, R., Kneubühler, B., Sutter, D., & Andersson, G. (2011). Internet‐based treatment of social phobia: A randomized controlled trial comparing unguided with two types of guided self‐help. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(3), 158‐169. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.12.007.
  • Brown, M., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: K. Bollen & J. Long, (Eds), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). London: Sage Publications. DOI: 10.1177/0049124192021002005.
  • Byrne, B., & Campbell, T. L. (1999). Cross‐cultural comparisons and the presumption of equivalent measurement and theoretical structure: A look beneath the surface. Journal of Cross‐Cultural Psychology, 30(5), 555‐574. DOI: 10.1177/0022022199030005001.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2004). Veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
  • Fichter, M. M., Quadflieg, N., Nisslmüller, K., Lindner, S., Osen, …Wünsch‐Leiteritz, W. (2012). Does internet‐ based prevention reduce the risk of relapse for anorexia nervosa? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 3(11), 103‐115. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.003.
  • Graaf, L. E., Gerhards, S. A., Arntz, A., Riper, H., Metsemakers, J. F., …Huibers M. J. (2009). Clinical effectiveness of online computerized cognitive‐behavioral therapy without support for depression in primary care: randomized trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195, 73–80. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.054429.
  • Graaf, L. E., Gerhards, S. A., Arntz, A., Riper, H., Metsemakers, J. F., …Huibers M. J. (2011). One‐year follow‐ up results of unsupported online computerized cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in primary care: A randomized trial. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(1), 89‐95. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.07.003.
  • Greidanus, E., & Everall, R. D. (2010). Helper therapy in an online suicide prevention community. British Journal of Guidance & Counseling, 38(2), 191‐204. DOI: 10.1080/03069881003600991. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1999). Yeni İnsan ve İnsanlar. İstanbul; Evrim Yayınevi.
  • Klein, B., Richards, J. C. & Austin, D. W. (2006). Efficacy of Internet therapy for panic disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 37(3), 213‐238.
  • Köklü, N. (1995). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve likert tipi ölçeklerde kullanılan alternatif seçenekler. Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(2), 81‐9.
  • Littletona, H., Buck, K., Rosman, L., & Grills‐Taquechel, A. (2011). From Survivor to The river: A Pilot Study of an Online Program for Rape Victims. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 3(4), 147‐159. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.04.002.
  • Mallen, M. J., & Vogel, D. L. (2005). Introduction to the Major Contribution: Counseling psychology and online counseling. The Counseling Psychologist, 33, 761–775. DOI: 10.1177/0011000005278623.
  • Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., Artelt, C., Baumert, J., & Peschar, J. L. (2006). OECD’s brief self‐report measure of educational psychology’s most useful affective constructs: Cross‐cultural, psychometric comparisons across 25 countries. International Journal of Testing, 6(4), 311‐360. DOI: 10.1207/s15327574ijt0604_1.
  • Blankers, M., Koeter, M. W., & Schippers, G. M. (2011). Internet therapy versus internet self‐help versus no treatment for problematic alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79 (3), 330‐341. DOI: 10.1037/a0023498.
  • McKee, H. A. (2004). Always a shadow of hope: Heteronormative binaries in an online discussion of sexuality and sexual orientation. Computers and Composition, 21, 315–340.
  • Moritz, S., Wittekind, C. E., Hauschildt, M., & Timpano, K. R. (2011). Do it yourself ? Self‐help and online therapy for people with obsessive‐compulsive disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 24, 541–548. DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32834abb7f.
  • Murphy, L. J., & Mitchell, D. L. (1998). When writing helps to heal: E‐mail as therapy. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 26(2), 1‐32. DOI: 10.1080/03069889808253835.
  • Newman, M. G., Consoli A., & Taylor, C. B. (1997). Computers in assessment and cognitive behavioral treatment of clinical disorders: Anxiety as a case in point. Behavior Therapy, 28, (2), 211–235. DOI: 10.1016/S0005‐7894(97)80044‐5.
  • Norcross, J. C., Hedges, M., & Prochaska, J. O. (2002). The face of 2010: A delphi poll on the future of psychotherapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 3, 316‐322. DOI:10.1037/0735‐7028.33.3.316.
  • Pier, C., Austin. D. W., Klein, B., Mitchell, J., Schattner, P., …Wade, V. (2008). A controlled trial of internet‐ based cognitive‐behavioral therapy for panic disorder with face‐to‐face support from a general practitioner or email support from a psychologist. Mental Health in Family Medicine, 5, 29–39.
  • Postel, M.G., De Haan, H. A., & De Jong, C.A. J. (2010). Evaluation of an E‐Therapy Program for Problem Drinkers: A Pilot Study. Substance Use & Misuse, 45, 2059‐2075. DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2010.481701.
  • Rochlen, A.B., Beretvas, S.N., & Zack, S.Z. (2004). The Online and Face‐to‐Face Counseling Attitudes Scales: A Validation Study. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development Journal, 37(1), 95‐111.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics. New York: HarperCollins College Publishers.
  • Tezbaşaran, A. A. (1996). Likert tipi ölçek geliştirme kılavuzu. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Topolovec‐Vranic, J., Cullen, N., Michalak, A., Ouchterlony, D., Bhalerao, S., …Cusimano, M. D. (2010). Evaluation of an online cognitive behavioral therapy program by patients with traumatic brain injury and depression. Brain Injury, 24(5), 762‐772. DOI: 10.3109/02699051003709599.
  • Sampson, J. E, Jr., Kolodinsky, R. W., & Greeno, B. E (1997). Counseling on the information highway: Future possibilities and potential problems. Journal of Counseling and Development, 75, 203‐212. DOI: 10.1002/j.1556‐6676.1997.tb02334.x.
  • Shaw, H.E., & Shaw, S.F., 2006. Critical Ethical Issues in Online Counseling: Assessing Current Practices With on Ethical Intent Checklist. Journal of Counseling and Development, 84, 41‐53. DOI: 10.1002/j.1556‐ 6678.2006.tb00378.x.
  • Sethi, S., & Campbell, A. J. (2010). The use of computerized self‐help packages to treat adolescent depression and anxiety. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 28, 144‐160. DOI: 10.1080/15228835.2010.508317.
  • Warmerdama, L., Stratena, A., & Jongsma, J. (2010). Online cognitive behavioral therapy and problem‐solving therapy for depressive symptoms: Exploring mechanisms of change. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41(1), 64–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.10.003.

Year 2014, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 15 - 22, 01.09.2014

İbrahim Demirci Ali Haydar Şar Abdullah Manap

https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2014.01.002

Abstract

References

  • Austin, D., & Kiropoulos, L. (2007). An Internet‐based investigation of the catastrophic misinterpretation model of panic disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(2), 233–242. DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.01.013.
  • Barak, A. (1999). Psychological applications on the internet: A discipline on the threshold of a new millennium.
  • Applied and Preventive Psychology, 8, 231‐246. DOI: 10.1016/S0962‐1849(05)80038‐1.
  • Barak, A., Hen, L., Boniel‐Nissim, M., & Shapira, N. (2008). A comprehensive review and a meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of internet‐based psychotherapeutic interventions. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 26, 109–60. DOI: 10.1080/15228830802094429.
  • Beattie, A., Shaw, A., Kaur, S., & Kessler, D. (2009). Primary‐care patients expectations and experiences of online cognitive behavioral therapy for depression: a qualitative study. Blackwell Publishing Ltd Health Expectations, 12, 45–59. DOI: 10.1111/j.1369‐7625.2008.00531.x.
  • Bentler, P. M. (1980). Multivariate analysis with latent variables: Causal modeling. Annual Review of Psychology, 31, 419‐456. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ps.31.020180.002223.
  • Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88, 588‐606. DOI: 10.1037/0033‐2909.88.3.588.
  • Berger, T., Caspar, F., Richardson, R., Kneubühler, B., Sutter, D., & Andersson, G. (2011). Internet‐based treatment of social phobia: A randomized controlled trial comparing unguided with two types of guided self‐help. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(3), 158‐169. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.12.007.
  • Brown, M., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In: K. Bollen & J. Long, (Eds), Testing structural equation models (pp. 136–162). London: Sage Publications. DOI: 10.1177/0049124192021002005.
  • Byrne, B., & Campbell, T. L. (1999). Cross‐cultural comparisons and the presumption of equivalent measurement and theoretical structure: A look beneath the surface. Journal of Cross‐Cultural Psychology, 30(5), 555‐574. DOI: 10.1177/0022022199030005001.
  • Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2004). Veri analizi el kitabı. Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
  • Fichter, M. M., Quadflieg, N., Nisslmüller, K., Lindner, S., Osen, …Wünsch‐Leiteritz, W. (2012). Does internet‐ based prevention reduce the risk of relapse for anorexia nervosa? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 3(11), 103‐115. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.12.003.
  • Graaf, L. E., Gerhards, S. A., Arntz, A., Riper, H., Metsemakers, J. F., …Huibers M. J. (2009). Clinical effectiveness of online computerized cognitive‐behavioral therapy without support for depression in primary care: randomized trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 195, 73–80. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.054429.
  • Graaf, L. E., Gerhards, S. A., Arntz, A., Riper, H., Metsemakers, J. F., …Huibers M. J. (2011). One‐year follow‐ up results of unsupported online computerized cognitive behavioral therapy for depression in primary care: A randomized trial. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 42(1), 89‐95. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.07.003.
  • Greidanus, E., & Everall, R. D. (2010). Helper therapy in an online suicide prevention community. British Journal of Guidance & Counseling, 38(2), 191‐204. DOI: 10.1080/03069881003600991. Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1999). Yeni İnsan ve İnsanlar. İstanbul; Evrim Yayınevi.
  • Klein, B., Richards, J. C. & Austin, D. W. (2006). Efficacy of Internet therapy for panic disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 37(3), 213‐238.
  • Köklü, N. (1995). Tutumların ölçülmesi ve likert tipi ölçeklerde kullanılan alternatif seçenekler. Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(2), 81‐9.
  • Littletona, H., Buck, K., Rosman, L., & Grills‐Taquechel, A. (2011). From Survivor to The river: A Pilot Study of an Online Program for Rape Victims. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 3(4), 147‐159. DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.04.002.
  • Mallen, M. J., & Vogel, D. L. (2005). Introduction to the Major Contribution: Counseling psychology and online counseling. The Counseling Psychologist, 33, 761–775. DOI: 10.1177/0011000005278623.
  • Marsh, H. W., Hau, K. T., Artelt, C., Baumert, J., & Peschar, J. L. (2006). OECD’s brief self‐report measure of educational psychology’s most useful affective constructs: Cross‐cultural, psychometric comparisons across 25 countries. International Journal of Testing, 6(4), 311‐360. DOI: 10.1207/s15327574ijt0604_1.
  • Blankers, M., Koeter, M. W., & Schippers, G. M. (2011). Internet therapy versus internet self‐help versus no treatment for problematic alcohol use: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79 (3), 330‐341. DOI: 10.1037/a0023498.
  • McKee, H. A. (2004). Always a shadow of hope: Heteronormative binaries in an online discussion of sexuality and sexual orientation. Computers and Composition, 21, 315–340.
  • Moritz, S., Wittekind, C. E., Hauschildt, M., & Timpano, K. R. (2011). Do it yourself ? Self‐help and online therapy for people with obsessive‐compulsive disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 24, 541–548. DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32834abb7f.
  • Murphy, L. J., & Mitchell, D. L. (1998). When writing helps to heal: E‐mail as therapy. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 26(2), 1‐32. DOI: 10.1080/03069889808253835.
  • Newman, M. G., Consoli A., & Taylor, C. B. (1997). Computers in assessment and cognitive behavioral treatment of clinical disorders: Anxiety as a case in point. Behavior Therapy, 28, (2), 211–235. DOI: 10.1016/S0005‐7894(97)80044‐5.
  • Norcross, J. C., Hedges, M., & Prochaska, J. O. (2002). The face of 2010: A delphi poll on the future of psychotherapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 3, 316‐322. DOI:10.1037/0735‐7028.33.3.316.
  • Pier, C., Austin. D. W., Klein, B., Mitchell, J., Schattner, P., …Wade, V. (2008). A controlled trial of internet‐ based cognitive‐behavioral therapy for panic disorder with face‐to‐face support from a general practitioner or email support from a psychologist. Mental Health in Family Medicine, 5, 29–39.
  • Postel, M.G., De Haan, H. A., & De Jong, C.A. J. (2010). Evaluation of an E‐Therapy Program for Problem Drinkers: A Pilot Study. Substance Use & Misuse, 45, 2059‐2075. DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2010.481701.
  • Rochlen, A.B., Beretvas, S.N., & Zack, S.Z. (2004). The Online and Face‐to‐Face Counseling Attitudes Scales: A Validation Study. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development Journal, 37(1), 95‐111.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (1996). Using multivariate statistics. New York: HarperCollins College Publishers.
  • Tezbaşaran, A. A. (1996). Likert tipi ölçek geliştirme kılavuzu. Ankara: Türk Psikologlar Derneği Yayınları.
  • Topolovec‐Vranic, J., Cullen, N., Michalak, A., Ouchterlony, D., Bhalerao, S., …Cusimano, M. D. (2010). Evaluation of an online cognitive behavioral therapy program by patients with traumatic brain injury and depression. Brain Injury, 24(5), 762‐772. DOI: 10.3109/02699051003709599.
  • Sampson, J. E, Jr., Kolodinsky, R. W., & Greeno, B. E (1997). Counseling on the information highway: Future possibilities and potential problems. Journal of Counseling and Development, 75, 203‐212. DOI: 10.1002/j.1556‐6676.1997.tb02334.x.
  • Shaw, H.E., & Shaw, S.F., 2006. Critical Ethical Issues in Online Counseling: Assessing Current Practices With on Ethical Intent Checklist. Journal of Counseling and Development, 84, 41‐53. DOI: 10.1002/j.1556‐ 6678.2006.tb00378.x.
  • Sethi, S., & Campbell, A. J. (2010). The use of computerized self‐help packages to treat adolescent depression and anxiety. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 28, 144‐160. DOI: 10.1080/15228835.2010.508317.
  • Warmerdama, L., Stratena, A., & Jongsma, J. (2010). Online cognitive behavioral therapy and problem‐solving therapy for depressive symptoms: Exploring mechanisms of change. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 41(1), 64–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2009.10.003.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İbrahim Demirci This is me

Ali Haydar Şar This is me

Abdullah Manap This is me

Publication Date September 1, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Demirci, İ., Şar, A. H., & Manap, A. (2014). The Validity And Reliability Of The Turkish Version Of The Online Counseling And Face-To-Face Counseling Attitudes Scale. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 1(1), 15-22. https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2014.01.002