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Internationalization of Education: From Bologna Process to Orhun Exchange Programme

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 170 - 181, 01.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.01.015

Abstract

This article aims to introduce the Orhun Exchange Programme implemented by the Turkic Universities Union, and seeks to position it within the broader, historical developments, and it states that the recent trend of internationalization of education is beneficial for the renaissance of the Turkic civilization. In Middle Ages, mobility of students and scholars helped to the formation of the Islamic Golden Age, rise of Turkic civilization on the Silk Road, and then the renaissance and enlightenment in Europe. Recently, the shift of economic and scientific gravity from the West to the East presents new potentials for the Turkic world to turn it into a hub in the increasingly interconnecting world. The Orhun Exchange Programme is a bold step to enable universities of Turkic countries to cooperate in their fields of superiority for a joint development.

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Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 1, 170 - 181, 01.05.2020
https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.01.015

Abstract

References

  • Berkey, Jonathan (2004). “Education”. Palgrave MacMillan Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Richard C. Martin (ed.). New York: MacMillan Reference: 202-206. China Daily, “US welcome to http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2017-04/26/content_29086378.htm; 24.05.2018]. join Belt and Road Initiative”, [Last retrieved on
  • De Ridder-Symoens, Hilde (1992), “Mobility”. A History of the University in Europe. Vol. 1. Universities in the Middle Ages. Eds. Walter Rüegg, Hilde de Ridder-Symoens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 280–306.
  • De Wit, Hans (2015). “The Sorbonne and Bologna Declarations on European Higher Education”. International Higher Education. March 2015: 8-9.
  • Doh, Pascal & S.Doh, Bilola. (2017). “The Prominence of the Napoleonic Model of Higher Education in the Knowledge https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313870520_The_Prominence_of_the_Napoleonic_Model_o f_Higher_Education_in_the_Knowledge_Economy. [Last retrieved on 05.08.2018]. and Leadership.
  • Dündar, Hakan, Yunus Emre Gürbüz (2018). Türk Dünyasında Ortak Vatandaşlık Eğitimi. Bişkek: Kırgızistan- Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Erasmus+ (2017). “Erasmus+: The EU’s biggest success story”. https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/erasmus- plus/anniversary/30th-anniversary-and-you_en/ [Last retrieved on 18.07.2017].
  • Fazlıoğlu, İhsan (2007). “Qūshjī: Abū al-Qāsim ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad Qushči-zāde”. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, Springer Reference. Eds. Thomas Hockey et al. New York: Springer: 946-948.
  • Frankopan, Peter (2015). The Silk Roads: A New History of the World. London: Bloomsbury Publication.
  • Gordon, Stewart (2008). When Asia was the World. Philadelphia: Da Capo Press.
  • Gürbüz, Y. Emre (2016). “Connecting India to the New Silk Road through Kyrgyzstan”. Asia in Transition. Eds. Arpita Basu Roy, Anita Sen Gupta, Suchandana Chatterjee. New Delhi: Knowledge World Publishers: 83-110.
  • Gürbüz, Y. Emre (ed.) (2018). 25 Yıllık Tecrübenin ardından Türk Keneşi Bünyesindeki Ülkelerde Ortak Etkinlikler ve İş Birlikleri. Bişkek: Kırgızistan-Türkiye Manas Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Hobson, John M. (2004). The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Humboldt, Wilhelm von (1851). Ideen zu einem Versuch, die Gränzen der Wirksamkeit des Staats zu bestimmen. Breslau. retrieved on 28.07.2017]. [Last
  • Kajberg, L. (2004). “A survey of internationalisation activities in European library and information science schools. Journal of Studies in International Education. V8;4: 352-376.
  • Koivula, Jenni and Risto Rinne (2009). “The Dilemmas of the Changing University”. Enterpreneurialism in Universities and the Knowledge Economy. Ed. Michael Shattock. Berkshire: Open University Press: 183- 199.
  • Morris, Ian (2010). Why the West Rules—For Now: The Patterns of History, and What They Reveal About the Future. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux Publications.
  • Nunan, P. (2006). “An Exploration of the Long Term Effects of Student Exchange Experiences”. Australian Education Conference 2006. www.idp.com/aiec [Last retrieved on: 22.07.2017]
  • OECD (2009). Higher Education to 2030. Volume 2: Globalization. Centre for Educational Research and Innovation. OECD Series: Educational Research and Innovation.
  • QS World World University Rankings (2017). “QS World World University Rankings 2016-2017”. https://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2016 retrieved on: 25.07.2018] [Last
  • Quah, Danny (2011). “The Global Economy’s Shifting Centre of Gravity”. Global Policy. 2: 3–9.
  • Ragep, F. Jamil (2007). “Mīram Čelebī: Maḥmūd ibn Quṭb al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad ibn Mūsā Qāḍīzāde”. The Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers, Springer Reference. Eds. Thomas Hockey et al. New York: Springer: 788-789.
  • Ryder, Marcus (2017). “One Belt, One Road, On Trillion Dollars – Everything you Need to Know in One Essay”. CGTN. 10.01.2017; https://news.cgtn.com/news/3d63544d3363544d/share_p.html, [Last retrieved on 24.05.2018].
  • Sorbonne Joint Declaration (1998). “Sorbonne Joint Declaration. Joint declaration on harmonisation of the architecture http://www.aic.lv/rec/Eng/new_d_en/bologna/sorbon.html/ [Last retrieved on 13.07.2018]. European higher education system”. Paris, May 25 1998.
  • Sowa, P.A. (2002). “How Valuable Are Student Exchange Programs?”. New Direction For Higher Education. 117: 63-70.
  • The Observatory on Borderless Higher Education in conjunction with the Cross-Border Education Research Team (C-BERT), “International Branch Campuses: Trends and Developments, 2016”, http://www.obhe.ac.uk/documents/download?id=1032 [Last retrieved on 25.04.2018]. Times Higher Education (2017). “World University Rankings 2016-2017”. https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/2017/world- ranking# /page/0/length/25/sort_by/rank/sort_order/asc/cols/stats [Last retrieved on 10.07.2018]
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  • Turkic Council (2014). “Information Note on the Cooperation Council of the Turkic Speaking States”. September 2014. http://www.turkkon.org/en-US/general_information/299/308/ [Last retrieved on 12.07.2017].
  • Turkic Council. “Turkic Council Turkic University Union 1st General Assembly will be hosted by the Atatürk University in Erzurum”. http://www.turkkon.org/en-US/turkic-council-turkic-university- union-1st-general-assembly-will-be-hosted-by-the-ataturk-university-in- erzurum/301/1130/1130/708). [Last retrieved on 27.07.2017].
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  • West, A., Dimitropoulos, et al. (2001). “Higher education admissions and student mobility within the EU”. Centre for Educational Research, LSE, London: Houghton.
  • Zhang, Liang, Justin J.W. Powell and David P. Baker (2015). “Exponential Growth and the Shifting Global Center of Gravity of Science Production, 1900–2011”. Change: The Magazine of Higher Education, 47(4), 46-49.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sebahattin Balcı This is me

Hakan Dündar This is me

Yunus Emre Gürbüz This is me

Publication Date May 1, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Balcı, S., Dündar, H., & Gürbüz, Y. E. (2020). Internationalization of Education: From Bologna Process to Orhun Exchange Programme. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 7(1), 170-181. https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2020.01.015