Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 166 - 176, 31.10.2021

Abstract

References

  • Arıkan, S. (1999). Yönetsel kademelerde kadın yöneticilerin karşılaştıkları güçlükler [Difficulties encountered by female managers at managerial levels]. Journal of Police Sciences, 1(4), 147-154.
  • Babbie, E. (2006). The practice of social research. 11th ed. Wadsworth.
  • Barbuto, J., S. Fritz, G. Matkin, & D. Marz. (2007). Effects of gender, education, and age upon leaders’ use of influence tactics and full range leadership behaviors. Sex Roles, 56(1-2), 71–83
  • Bayrak, S. & Mohan, Y. (2001). Erkek yöneticilerin çalışma yaşamı ve liderlik davranışları açısından kadın yöneticileri algılama tarzları [Male managers' perception style of female managers in terms of working life and leadership behaviors]. Public Administration Journal, 34(2), 89-114.
  • Baştuğ, Ö. Y. & Çelik, B. (2011). İlköğretimde öğretmen, müdür ve müfettişlerin kadın yöneticilere yönelik tutumları [Attitudes of teachers, principals, and inspectors towards female administrators in primary education]. Theory and Practice, 17(1), 63-76
  • Baytun, İ. D. & Özerem, A. (2013). Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’ndeki kadın müdürlerin yönetim algıları [Management perceptions of female managers in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]. Journal of Education and Instructional Research, 2(1), 221-230
  • Bingöl, D., Aydoğan, E., Şenel, G. & Erden, P. (2011). Cam tavan sendromu ve kadınların hiyerarşik yükselmelerindeki engeller: T.C. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı Ankara Merkez Teşkilatı Örneği [Glass ceiling syndrome and obstacles in the hierarchical rise of women: T.C. example of Ankara central organization of the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources]. Journal of the Faculty of Business, 12(1), 115-132.
  • Blackmore J. (2002). Troubling women: The upsides and downsides of leadership and the new managerialism. In C, Reynolds (Ed.), Women and school leadership: International perspectives (pp. 37–57). State University of New York Press,.
  • Boydak-Özan, M. & Akpınar, B. (2002). Okul yönetiminde kadın yöneticilerin başarısı [ The success of female administrators in school management]. Fırat University Journal of Social Sciences, 12(2), 219-234.
  • Bratton I, Grint K & Nelson D. (2004). Organizational leadership. South Western College Publishing.
  • Büte, M., & Balcı, F. A. (2010). Bağımsız anaokulu yöneticilerinin bakış açısından okul yönetimi süreçlerinin işleyişi ve sorunlar [Preschool principals’ views on school management processes and related problems]. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 16(4), 485-509.
  • Can, N. (2008). Okul yöneticilerinin yönetimde cinsiyet faktörüne ilişkin görüşleri [School administrators' views on the gender factor in management]. Education and Science, 33(147), 35- 41.
  • Coleman, M. (2000). The female secondary headteacher in England and Wales: Leadership and management styles. Educational Research 42(1), 13–27.
  • Coleman, M. (2002). Social problems: A brief introduction (Second Edition). Prentice Hall
  • Coleman M (2003) Gender and the orthodoxies of leadership. School Leadership and Management 23(3), 325–339. doi:10.1080/1363243032000112810
  • Coleman, M. (2005). Gender and secondary school leadership. International Studies in Educational Administration 33(2), 3–20.
  • Cortis, R., & Cassar, V. (2005). Perception of and about women as managers: Investigating job involvement, self-esteem and attitudes. Women in Management Review, 20(3), 149-164.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2016). Reflections on the MMIRA The Future of Mixed Methods Task Force Report. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 10(3), 215-219. doi: 10.1177/1558689816650298
  • Çelikesir-Ünal, D. (2015). Okul yöneticisi ve öğretmen görüşlerine göre eğitim kurumlarında kadın yöneticiler [Female administrators in educational institutions according to the views of school administrators and teachers - Yüksek lisans tezi- Unpublished master thesis-]. Erciyes University.
  • Çelikten, M. & Yeni, Y. (2004). Okul müdürlerinin liderlik ve yöneticilik özelliklerinin cinsiyet açısından değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of leadership and managerial characteristics of school principals in terms of gender]. Gazi University Kastamonu Education Journal, 12(2), 305-314.
  • Çelikten, M. (2005). The women principals chair in Turkey. Journal of American Academy of Busines, Cambridge, 6(1), 85-94.
  • Eagly, A. H., S. Karau, & B. Johnson. (1992). Gender and leadership style among school principals: A meta-analysis. Educational Administration Quarterly, 28(1), 76–102.
  • Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573-598.
  • Erlandson, D. A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L. & Allen, S. T. (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry: a guide to methods. Sage: Beverly Hills, CA.
  • Fuller E &Young MD (2009) Tenure and retention of newly hired principals in Texas. Texas High School Project Initiative issue, brief 1. University Council for Educational Administration. Available at: http://content.ciacsports.com/pdfs/ucea_tenure_and_retention_report_10_8_09.pdf
  • Greasley, K. &Ashworth, P. (2007). The phenomenology of “approach to studying”: The University student’s studies within the Lifework. British Educational Research Journal, 32, 819-843
  • Grogan, M. (2014). Re(Considering) gender scholarship in educational leadership. In . K. Mansfield, and W. S. Newcomb (Eds.), Women interrupting, disrupting, and revolutionizing educational policy and practice (3–20). Charlotte: Information Age.
  • Grogan, M., & Shakeshaft, C. (2011). Women and educational leadership. Jossey-Bass.
  • Growe, R. &Montgomery, P. (2001). Women and the leadership paradigm: bridging the gender gap https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 242783132_Women_and_the_leadership_paradigm_bridging_the_gender_gap
  • Shaked, H., Glanz, J & Gross, Z. (2018). Gender differences in instructional leadership: How male and female principals perform their instructional leadership role. School Leadership & Management, 38(4), 417-434.
  • Hallinger, P., D. Li, & W. C. Wang. (2016). Gender differences in instructional leadership: A meta-analytic review of studies using the principal instructional management rating scale. Educational Administration Quarterly 52(4), 567–601.
  • Hutchinson, S. (2002). The changing world of school administration. G. Perreault & Lunenburg, F. C. (Ed.), Women in school leadership: taking steps to help them make the leap (pp. 363-375). United States: NCPEA
  • Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60(6), 581–592
  • Izgar, H. (2001). Okul yöneticilerinde tükenmişlik [Burnout in school administrators]. Nobel.
  • Karcı, A. (2012). Yöneticilik yaklaşımında cinsiyet faktörü: Afyonkarahisar ili banka yöneticileri üzerinde bir araştırma [Gender factor in management approach: A study on bank managers in Afyonkarahisar province- Yüksek lisans tezi - Unpublished master thesis]. Afyon Kocatepe University.
  • Klenke, K. (2016). Qualitative research in the study of leadership. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Korkmaz-Moralıoğlu, S. (2010). Kamu kurumlarında görev yapan kadın yöneticiler: Kayseri ili örneği [Female managers working in public institutions: Kayseri province example- Yüksek lisans tezi - Master's thesis]. Kayseri Erciyes University.
  • Köse, A. & Uzun, M. (2017). Okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında kadın yönetici olmak: sorunlar ve eğilimler [ Being a woman manager in preschool education institutions: problems and trends]. Mersin University Faculty of Education Journal, 13(3),1058-1083. DOI: 10.17860/mersinefd.322218
  • Krüger, M. L. (2008). School leadership, sex and gender: Welcome to difference. International Journal of Leadership in Education 11(2), 155–168.
  • Kulaksızoğlu, A., Çakar. M. & Di̇lmaç, B. (2013). Türkiye’de özel okullar hakkındaki tutumla ilgili bir araştırma [Research on related private schools in Turkey]. Marmara University Atatürk Education Faculty Journal of Educational Sciences, 11(11), 233-246 .
  • Latu, I. M., Steward, T. L., Myers, A. C., Lisco, C. G., Estes, S. B., & Donahue, D. K. (2011). What we “say” and what we “think” about female managers: Explicit versus implicit associations of women with success. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35, 252-266.
  • Lee, V., Smith, J.B. & Cioci, M. (1993). Teachers and principals: Gender-related perceptions of leadership and power in secondary schools. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 15(2), 153–180.
  • Lieberman, A. (1988). Expanding the leadership team. Educational Leadership, 45(5), 4–8.
  • Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
  • Marczynski, J. C., & G. S. Gates. (2013). Women secondary principals in Texas 1998 and 2011: Movement toward equity. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(5), 705–727.
  • Mert, P. & Levent, A. F. (2020). Female teachers’ problem to be the manager: Glass ceiling syndrome in Turkey, International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 10(5), 1547- 1587.
  • Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (2015). Nitel veri analizi: genişletilmiş bir kaynak kitap (1. Baskı) [Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook] (S. Akbaba Altun ve A. Ersoy, Çev. Eds). Pegem.
  • Ministry of Education. (2020). Formal Education 2019-2020 Statistics. http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2020_09/04144812_meb_istatistikleri_orgun_egitim_2019_2020.pdf
  • Moorosi P. (2010). South African female principals’ career paths: Understanding the gender gap in secondary school management. Education Management Administration & Leadership 38(5), 547–562. doi: 10.1177/ 1741143210373741
  • Mostafa, M. M. (2005). Attitudes towards women managers in the United Arab Emirates: The effects of patriarchy, age and sex differences. Journal of Educational Administration, 20(6), 522-540.
  • Naidoo, B., & Perumal, J. (2014). Female principals leading at disadvantaged schools in Johannesburg, South Africa. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 42(6), 808–824. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214543202
  • Neuman, L. W. (2014). Social research methods: qualitative And quantitative approaches (Seventh Ed.). Pearson.
  • Orbay, I. (2018). Ortaokul yöneticilerinin cam tavan sendromuna ilişkin algılarının demografik değişkenlere göre farklılaşma durumunun incelenmesi [Examination of the differentiation of middle school administrators' perceptions of glass ceiling syndrome according to demographic variables - Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi- Unpublished master thesis]. İstanbul Kültür University.
  • Özdemir-Yaylacı, G. (2005). Kadın yöneticiler için kariyer gelişimlerinde örgüt içi 'kişilerarası ilişki ağları'nı yönetmek [Managing 'interpersonal networks' within the organization for career development for female managers]. Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Journal, 23, 213-220.
  • Özdil-Sağ, G. (2010). Eskişehir ili ilköğretim okulları kadın okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç kaynaklarına göre sergiledikleri liderlik davranışları [Leadership behaviors of Eskişehir primary school female school administrators according to the power sources they use - Yüksek lisans tezi- Unpublished master thesis]. Ankara University.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative research. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Pont, B., Nusche, D., & Moorman, H. (2008). Improving school leadership (Volume 1: Policy and Practice). Paris: OECD.
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Leadership Characteristics of Female School Principals According to Female Teachers

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 4, 166 - 176, 31.10.2021

Abstract

Although the number of female teachers in schools is higher, this is not evident when looking at leadership levels. Various studies have examined this situation. In this study, the perspectives of female teachers working in private schools who are gradually raising their educational levels are discussed in depth about female head teachers. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 37 female teachers working in private schools in the Anatolian part of Istanbul. The data were analysed using content analysis, one of the qualitative analysis methods. As a result of the research, three main themes were found among the characteristics of female leaders, the competencies of female leaders, and the impact on the work environment. Under the theme of characteristics of female leaders, there are five categories: being selfish, forming problematic working relationships, being detail-obsessed, being jealous, acting emotionally; under the theme of competencies of female leaders: they lead well, their leadership skills are weak, they cannot be fair and impartial, they are not solution-oriented. The theme of the impact of female leaders on the work environment is a chaotic environment; communication is important, supportive environment.

References

  • Arıkan, S. (1999). Yönetsel kademelerde kadın yöneticilerin karşılaştıkları güçlükler [Difficulties encountered by female managers at managerial levels]. Journal of Police Sciences, 1(4), 147-154.
  • Babbie, E. (2006). The practice of social research. 11th ed. Wadsworth.
  • Barbuto, J., S. Fritz, G. Matkin, & D. Marz. (2007). Effects of gender, education, and age upon leaders’ use of influence tactics and full range leadership behaviors. Sex Roles, 56(1-2), 71–83
  • Bayrak, S. & Mohan, Y. (2001). Erkek yöneticilerin çalışma yaşamı ve liderlik davranışları açısından kadın yöneticileri algılama tarzları [Male managers' perception style of female managers in terms of working life and leadership behaviors]. Public Administration Journal, 34(2), 89-114.
  • Baştuğ, Ö. Y. & Çelik, B. (2011). İlköğretimde öğretmen, müdür ve müfettişlerin kadın yöneticilere yönelik tutumları [Attitudes of teachers, principals, and inspectors towards female administrators in primary education]. Theory and Practice, 17(1), 63-76
  • Baytun, İ. D. & Özerem, A. (2013). Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti’ndeki kadın müdürlerin yönetim algıları [Management perceptions of female managers in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus]. Journal of Education and Instructional Research, 2(1), 221-230
  • Bingöl, D., Aydoğan, E., Şenel, G. & Erden, P. (2011). Cam tavan sendromu ve kadınların hiyerarşik yükselmelerindeki engeller: T.C. Enerji ve Tabii Kaynaklar Bakanlığı Ankara Merkez Teşkilatı Örneği [Glass ceiling syndrome and obstacles in the hierarchical rise of women: T.C. example of Ankara central organization of the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources]. Journal of the Faculty of Business, 12(1), 115-132.
  • Blackmore J. (2002). Troubling women: The upsides and downsides of leadership and the new managerialism. In C, Reynolds (Ed.), Women and school leadership: International perspectives (pp. 37–57). State University of New York Press,.
  • Boydak-Özan, M. & Akpınar, B. (2002). Okul yönetiminde kadın yöneticilerin başarısı [ The success of female administrators in school management]. Fırat University Journal of Social Sciences, 12(2), 219-234.
  • Bratton I, Grint K & Nelson D. (2004). Organizational leadership. South Western College Publishing.
  • Büte, M., & Balcı, F. A. (2010). Bağımsız anaokulu yöneticilerinin bakış açısından okul yönetimi süreçlerinin işleyişi ve sorunlar [Preschool principals’ views on school management processes and related problems]. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 16(4), 485-509.
  • Can, N. (2008). Okul yöneticilerinin yönetimde cinsiyet faktörüne ilişkin görüşleri [School administrators' views on the gender factor in management]. Education and Science, 33(147), 35- 41.
  • Coleman, M. (2000). The female secondary headteacher in England and Wales: Leadership and management styles. Educational Research 42(1), 13–27.
  • Coleman, M. (2002). Social problems: A brief introduction (Second Edition). Prentice Hall
  • Coleman M (2003) Gender and the orthodoxies of leadership. School Leadership and Management 23(3), 325–339. doi:10.1080/1363243032000112810
  • Coleman, M. (2005). Gender and secondary school leadership. International Studies in Educational Administration 33(2), 3–20.
  • Cortis, R., & Cassar, V. (2005). Perception of and about women as managers: Investigating job involvement, self-esteem and attitudes. Women in Management Review, 20(3), 149-164.
  • Creswell, J.W. (2016). Reflections on the MMIRA The Future of Mixed Methods Task Force Report. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 10(3), 215-219. doi: 10.1177/1558689816650298
  • Çelikesir-Ünal, D. (2015). Okul yöneticisi ve öğretmen görüşlerine göre eğitim kurumlarında kadın yöneticiler [Female administrators in educational institutions according to the views of school administrators and teachers - Yüksek lisans tezi- Unpublished master thesis-]. Erciyes University.
  • Çelikten, M. & Yeni, Y. (2004). Okul müdürlerinin liderlik ve yöneticilik özelliklerinin cinsiyet açısından değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of leadership and managerial characteristics of school principals in terms of gender]. Gazi University Kastamonu Education Journal, 12(2), 305-314.
  • Çelikten, M. (2005). The women principals chair in Turkey. Journal of American Academy of Busines, Cambridge, 6(1), 85-94.
  • Eagly, A. H., S. Karau, & B. Johnson. (1992). Gender and leadership style among school principals: A meta-analysis. Educational Administration Quarterly, 28(1), 76–102.
  • Eagly, A. H., & Karau, S. (2002). Role congruity theory of prejudice toward female leaders. Psychological Review, 109(3), 573-598.
  • Erlandson, D. A., Harris, E. L., Skipper, B. L. & Allen, S. T. (1993). Doing naturalistic inquiry: a guide to methods. Sage: Beverly Hills, CA.
  • Fuller E &Young MD (2009) Tenure and retention of newly hired principals in Texas. Texas High School Project Initiative issue, brief 1. University Council for Educational Administration. Available at: http://content.ciacsports.com/pdfs/ucea_tenure_and_retention_report_10_8_09.pdf
  • Greasley, K. &Ashworth, P. (2007). The phenomenology of “approach to studying”: The University student’s studies within the Lifework. British Educational Research Journal, 32, 819-843
  • Grogan, M. (2014). Re(Considering) gender scholarship in educational leadership. In . K. Mansfield, and W. S. Newcomb (Eds.), Women interrupting, disrupting, and revolutionizing educational policy and practice (3–20). Charlotte: Information Age.
  • Grogan, M., & Shakeshaft, C. (2011). Women and educational leadership. Jossey-Bass.
  • Growe, R. &Montgomery, P. (2001). Women and the leadership paradigm: bridging the gender gap https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 242783132_Women_and_the_leadership_paradigm_bridging_the_gender_gap
  • Shaked, H., Glanz, J & Gross, Z. (2018). Gender differences in instructional leadership: How male and female principals perform their instructional leadership role. School Leadership & Management, 38(4), 417-434.
  • Hallinger, P., D. Li, & W. C. Wang. (2016). Gender differences in instructional leadership: A meta-analytic review of studies using the principal instructional management rating scale. Educational Administration Quarterly 52(4), 567–601.
  • Hutchinson, S. (2002). The changing world of school administration. G. Perreault & Lunenburg, F. C. (Ed.), Women in school leadership: taking steps to help them make the leap (pp. 363-375). United States: NCPEA
  • Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60(6), 581–592
  • Izgar, H. (2001). Okul yöneticilerinde tükenmişlik [Burnout in school administrators]. Nobel.
  • Karcı, A. (2012). Yöneticilik yaklaşımında cinsiyet faktörü: Afyonkarahisar ili banka yöneticileri üzerinde bir araştırma [Gender factor in management approach: A study on bank managers in Afyonkarahisar province- Yüksek lisans tezi - Unpublished master thesis]. Afyon Kocatepe University.
  • Klenke, K. (2016). Qualitative research in the study of leadership. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
  • Korkmaz-Moralıoğlu, S. (2010). Kamu kurumlarında görev yapan kadın yöneticiler: Kayseri ili örneği [Female managers working in public institutions: Kayseri province example- Yüksek lisans tezi - Master's thesis]. Kayseri Erciyes University.
  • Köse, A. & Uzun, M. (2017). Okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarında kadın yönetici olmak: sorunlar ve eğilimler [ Being a woman manager in preschool education institutions: problems and trends]. Mersin University Faculty of Education Journal, 13(3),1058-1083. DOI: 10.17860/mersinefd.322218
  • Krüger, M. L. (2008). School leadership, sex and gender: Welcome to difference. International Journal of Leadership in Education 11(2), 155–168.
  • Kulaksızoğlu, A., Çakar. M. & Di̇lmaç, B. (2013). Türkiye’de özel okullar hakkındaki tutumla ilgili bir araştırma [Research on related private schools in Turkey]. Marmara University Atatürk Education Faculty Journal of Educational Sciences, 11(11), 233-246 .
  • Latu, I. M., Steward, T. L., Myers, A. C., Lisco, C. G., Estes, S. B., & Donahue, D. K. (2011). What we “say” and what we “think” about female managers: Explicit versus implicit associations of women with success. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35, 252-266.
  • Lee, V., Smith, J.B. & Cioci, M. (1993). Teachers and principals: Gender-related perceptions of leadership and power in secondary schools. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 15(2), 153–180.
  • Lieberman, A. (1988). Expanding the leadership team. Educational Leadership, 45(5), 4–8.
  • Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Sage.
  • Marczynski, J. C., & G. S. Gates. (2013). Women secondary principals in Texas 1998 and 2011: Movement toward equity. Journal of Educational Administration, 51(5), 705–727.
  • Mert, P. & Levent, A. F. (2020). Female teachers’ problem to be the manager: Glass ceiling syndrome in Turkey, International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 10(5), 1547- 1587.
  • Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (2015). Nitel veri analizi: genişletilmiş bir kaynak kitap (1. Baskı) [Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook] (S. Akbaba Altun ve A. Ersoy, Çev. Eds). Pegem.
  • Ministry of Education. (2020). Formal Education 2019-2020 Statistics. http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2020_09/04144812_meb_istatistikleri_orgun_egitim_2019_2020.pdf
  • Moorosi P. (2010). South African female principals’ career paths: Understanding the gender gap in secondary school management. Education Management Administration & Leadership 38(5), 547–562. doi: 10.1177/ 1741143210373741
  • Mostafa, M. M. (2005). Attitudes towards women managers in the United Arab Emirates: The effects of patriarchy, age and sex differences. Journal of Educational Administration, 20(6), 522-540.
  • Naidoo, B., & Perumal, J. (2014). Female principals leading at disadvantaged schools in Johannesburg, South Africa. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 42(6), 808–824. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214543202
  • Neuman, L. W. (2014). Social research methods: qualitative And quantitative approaches (Seventh Ed.). Pearson.
  • Orbay, I. (2018). Ortaokul yöneticilerinin cam tavan sendromuna ilişkin algılarının demografik değişkenlere göre farklılaşma durumunun incelenmesi [Examination of the differentiation of middle school administrators' perceptions of glass ceiling syndrome according to demographic variables - Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi- Unpublished master thesis]. İstanbul Kültür University.
  • Özdemir-Yaylacı, G. (2005). Kadın yöneticiler için kariyer gelişimlerinde örgüt içi 'kişilerarası ilişki ağları'nı yönetmek [Managing 'interpersonal networks' within the organization for career development for female managers]. Istanbul University Faculty of Communication Journal, 23, 213-220.
  • Özdil-Sağ, G. (2010). Eskişehir ili ilköğretim okulları kadın okul yöneticilerinin kullandıkları güç kaynaklarına göre sergiledikleri liderlik davranışları [Leadership behaviors of Eskişehir primary school female school administrators according to the power sources they use - Yüksek lisans tezi- Unpublished master thesis]. Ankara University.
  • Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative research. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Pont, B., Nusche, D., & Moorman, H. (2008). Improving school leadership (Volume 1: Policy and Practice). Paris: OECD.
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There are 70 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Other Fields of Education
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Pınar Mert 0000-0003-3633-7556

Publication Date October 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Mert, P. (2021). Leadership Characteristics of Female School Principals According to Female Teachers. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 8(4), 166-176.