Phrygia İmparator Azatlıları Tarafından Yönetilen bir Procurator Eyaleti miydi?

Abstract

Yazar makalesinde Phrygia’nın İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde sahip olduğu özel konuma dikkat çeke­rek Asia eyaletinin doğusunu kapsayan bu bölgenin azatlı prokuratorlar tarafından yönetildiğini vur­­­gu­la­mak­tadır. Yargı dâhil birçok yetkiyle donatılmış olan Phrygia prokuratoru, Asia mülk pro­ku­ra­torunden tamamen bağımsız hareket etmekteydi ve sadece Asia prokonsuluna hesap vermekle yü­­küm­lüydü. Proku­ratorluk görevini üstlenen kişilerin epigrafik belgelerdeki dağılımı, Phrygia’nın As­ya eyaleti içinde sadece imparator mülklerinin yer aldığı bir bölge olmadığını göstermektedir. Ak­­sine, Phrygia pro­kura­torlarının hukiki anlaşmazlıklara çözüm bulmaktan topluluklar arasındaki sınır so­run­larına ya da Doki­meion mermeri gibi önemli yerel ürünlerin ihraç edilmesini teminat altına al­­maya kadar pek çok gö­revi yerine getirmiş gibi görünmektedir. Yazar, Armenia Minor, Bithynia, Pam­phylia gibi alt-eya­let­lerin bağımsız bir prokuratoru olmadığını göz önünde tutarak, Phrygia’nın ken­di başına imparator azatlısı bir prokurator tarafından yönetilerek bu kapsamda özel bir konuma sahip ol­du­ğunun altını çizmektedir. Yazar, her ne kadar Phrygia’nın idari statüsünün Iudaea ve Kom­­ma­gene gibi alt eyaletler ile kıyas­lanamaya­cağını ifade etse de, sonuç olarak imparator azatlısı bir pro­ku­ra­torun mali ve adli yönetimi al­tında olan Phrygia’nın İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde aslında bir pro­kurator eyaleti olduğunu önermektedir. 

Keywords

• Phrygia,Synnada,Takina,procurator,libertus Augusti,Prokurator eyaleti

Imperial Phrygia: A “Procuratorial Province” Governed by liberti Augusti?

Abstract

During imperial times, Phrygia seems to have formed an administrative sub-district in terms of a ‘sub-province’ of the gubernatorial provincia Asia. A striking number of epigraphic records of freedman procurators refer to that Phrygia. Some of the office holders are explicitly attested as procurators “of Phrygia”. Moreover, one inscription mentions Phrygia not simply as a place name, but as a provincia. In all known cases, the Phrygian procurators were liberti Augusti, in contrast to the high-ranking equestrian procuratores Asiae residing in Ephesus. However, a freedman procurator Phrygiae reported directly to the governor of Asia, and was apparently not under the supervision of the equestrian procurator Asiae. Considering the spread of epigraphic attestations of procuratorial office holders, Phrygia did certainly not consti­tute a mere imperial estate within the province of Asia in terms of a regio or tractus. On the contrary, e.g. the imperial freedman Aurelius Philocyrius covered several estates that lay quite far apart. “Procurators of Phrygia” are attested in connection with several functions, e.g. resolv­ing legal disputes about the distribution of “requisitions” (ἀγγαρεία), dealing with boundaries between communities or guaranteeing the export of important local products, in particular the so-called “Phrygian” marble from Docimium. The seat of the procurators of Phrygia was most likely located in Synnada. Hence, as an area with freedman procurators of its own, Phrygia occupied a special position in relation to most of the other sub-provinces of Asia Minor: no independent procurators are known for example for the sub-provinces Armenia Minor, Bithynia or Pamphylia. Rather, equestrian procurators governed several sub-provinces jointly. Of course, because of the special social status of the Phrygian procurators as liberti, it’s not possible to define Phrygia’s administrative status in analogy to the two Syrian sub-provinces Judaea and Commagene. However, under the financial and judicial administration of a freedman pro­curator Phrygia seems to have actually constituted an imperial “procuratorial province”.

Keywords

• Phrygia,Synnada,Takina,procurator,libertus Augusti,procuratorial province,eparchy

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