Phrygia İmparator Azatlıları Tarafından Yönetilen bir Procurator Eyaleti miydi?

Year 2015, Volume: 1, 33 - 45, 01.12.2015

Marco Vıtale

Abstract

Yazar makalesinde Phrygia’nın İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde sahip olduğu özel
konuma dikkat çeke­rek Asia eyaletinin doğusunu kapsayan bu bölgenin azatlı prokuratorlar
tarafından yönetildiğini vur­­­gu­la­mak­tadır. Yargı dâhil birçok yetkiyle
donatılmış olan Phrygia prokuratoru, Asia mülk pro­ku­ra­torunden tamamen
bağımsız hareket etmekteydi ve sadece Asia prokonsuluna hesap vermekle yü­­küm­lüydü.
Proku­ratorluk görevini üstlenen kişilerin epigrafik belgelerdeki dağılımı,
Phrygia’nın As­ya eyaleti içinde sadece imparator mülklerinin yer aldığı bir
bölge olmadığını göstermektedir. Ak­­sine, Phrygia pro­kura­torlarının hukiki
anlaşmazlıklara çözüm bulmaktan topluluklar arasındaki sınır so­run­larına ya
da Doki­meion mermeri gibi önemli yerel ürünlerin ihraç edilmesini teminat
altına al­­maya kadar pek çok gö­revi yerine getirmiş gibi görünmektedir.
Yazar, Armenia Minor, Bithynia, Pam­phylia gibi alt-eya­let­lerin bağımsız bir
prokuratoru olmadığını göz önünde tutarak, Phrygia’nın ken­di başına imparator
azatlısı bir prokurator tarafından yönetilerek bu kapsamda özel bir konuma
sahip ol­du­ğunun altını çizmektedir. Yazar, her ne kadar Phrygia’nın idari
statüsünün Iudaea ve Kom­­ma­gene gibi alt eyaletler ile kıyas­lanamaya­cağını
ifade etse de, sonuç olarak imparator azatlısı bir pro­ku­ra­torun mali ve adli
yönetimi al­tında olan Phrygia’nın İmparatorluk Dönemi’nde aslında bir pro­kurator
eyaleti olduğunu önermektedir. 

Keywords

Phrygia, Synnada, Takina, procurator, libertus Augusti, Prokurator eyaleti

Imperial Phrygia: A “Procuratorial Province” Governed by liberti Augusti?

Abstract

During imperial times, Phrygia seems to have formed an administrative sub-district
in terms of a ‘sub-province’ of the gubernatorial provincia Asia. A striking number of epigraphic records of freedman
procurators refer to that Phrygia. Some of the
office holders are explicitly attested as procurators “of Phrygia”. Moreover, one
inscription mentions Phrygia not simply as a place name, but as a provincia. In all known cases, the
Phrygian procurators were liberti Augusti,
in contrast to the high-ranking equestrian procuratores Asiae residing in
Ephesus. However, a freedman procurator
Phrygiae reported directly to the governor of Asia, and was apparently not
under the supervision of the equestrian procurator
Asiae. Considering the spread of epigraphic attestations of procuratorial
office holders, Phrygia did certainly not consti­tute a
mere imperial estate within the province of Asia in terms of a regio or tractus. On the contrary, e.g. the
imperial freedman Aurelius Philocyrius covered several estates that lay quite
far apart. “Procurators of Phrygia” are attested in connection with several
functions, e.g. resolv­ing legal disputes about the distribution of
“requisitions” (ἀγγαρεία), dealing
with boundaries between communities or guaranteeing the export
of important local products, in particular the so-called “Phrygian” marble from
Docimium. The seat of the procurators of Phrygia was most likely located in
Synnada. Hence, as an
area with freedman procurators of its own, Phrygia occupied a special position
in relation to most of the other sub-provinces of Asia Minor: no independent
procurators are known for example for the sub-provinces Armenia Minor, Bithynia
or Pamphylia. Rather, equestrian procurators governed several sub-provinces jointly. Of
course, because of the special social status of the Phrygian procurators as liberti, it’s not possible to define
Phrygia’s administrative status in analogy to the
two Syrian sub-provinces Judaea and Commagene. However,
under the financial and judicial administration of a
freedman pro­curator Phrygia seems to have actually constituted an imperial
“procuratorial province”.

Keywords

Phrygia, Synnada, Takina, procurator, libertus Augusti, procuratorial province, eparchy

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