Nysa ad Maeandrum’lu Ağır Sıklet M. Aurelius Eutykhiōn

Year 2016, Volume: 2, 163 - 176, 31.12.2016

Nuray Gökalp Özdil

Abstract

Makalede, bir Karia kenti olan Nysa ad Maeandrum’da, tiyatronun batı terasında yapılan kazılar sırasında, devşirme olarak kullanılan ve daha sonra tiyatro önüne getirilen bir heykel kaidesi tanıtılmaktadır. Nysa’lı ağır sıklet sporcu M. Aur. Eutykhiōn, stephanitler ve Olympik dernek ta-rafından onurlandırılmaktadır. Yazıtta sporcunun aldığı galibiyetler katılım yaşına göre sınıflandırılmıştır. Asia Minor’da, Yunanistan’da ve İtalya’da bir çok başarıya imza atan sporcu hem boksör hem de pankratist olarak kariyerine devam etmiştir. Her iki disiplinde aktif yarışan sporcu sayısı oldukça az sayıda olduğu için Eutykhiōn’nun yazıtı önem arz etmektedir. Taşın kesi-lerek tekrar kullanılması nedeniyle yazıtta yer yer eksikliklerin görülmesi yazıt restorasyonunu zorunlu kılmaktadır. Eksikliklerle birlikte Eutykhiōn’un elliden fazla müsabaka kazandığı an-laşılmaktadır ve Nysa kentinin şimdiye kadar bilinen en başarılı sporcusu olduğu söylenebilir. Kut-sal oyunlardaki bu başarıları paradoksos ve pleistonikes gibi sıfatlarla taçlanmış olsa da, periodos’u tamamlayamamıştır. Yazıtı tarihlendirmek için bazı veriler söz konusudur: Sporcunun katıldığı müsabakalardan Roma’da Athena Promakhos onuruna düzenlenen agon, İmparator Gordianus III Dönemi’nde kutlanmaya başlamıştır. Ayrıca, Aphrodisias’ta kutlanan Gordianeia oyunları da aynı imparator onuruna düzenlenmekteydi.

Keywords

Nysa, M. Aur. Eutychiōn, Onurlandırma Yazıtı, Boksör, Pankratist, Kutsal oyunlar

The Heavy Athlete M. Aurelius Eutychiōn from Nysa ad Maeandrum

Abstract

M. Aur. Eutychiōn from Nysa ad Maeandrum was honoured by both the crowned athletes and the Olympic association. In the course of his successful career with over fifty victories in sacred games Eutychiōn gained the citizenships of Ephesus, Sparta, Elis and other cities. Although he re-ceived honorary titles like paradoxos and pleistonikes, he seems not to have completed the periodos. His victories are listed in chronological order. As a boxer and pancratist he won many sacred games not only in Asia Minor but also in Greece and in Italy. Eutychiōn was active from the 230s to the 250s.

Keywords

Nysa, M. Aur. Eutychiōn, Honorary decree, Boxer, pancratist, Sacred games

References

• Akdoğu Arca 2016a E. N. Akdoğu Arca, Iulius Iulianus Phrygia-Caria Eyaleti’nin İlk Valisi miydi?, in: B. Takmer – E. N. Akdoğu Arca – N. Gökalp Özdil (edd.), Vir doctus Anatolicus, Istanbul 2016, 60–73.
• Akdoğu Arca 2016b E. N. Akdoğu Arca, The Procurator Domitius Philippus and Nysa ad Mae-andrum in the First Half of the 3rd Century AD, Philia 2, 2016, 152–162.
• Balzat 2008 J.-S. Balzat, Les Euryclides en Laconie, in: C. Grandjean (ed.), Le Péloponnèse d’Épaminondas à Hadrien (Colloque de Tours, 6–7 octobre 2005), Bordeaux 2008, 335–350.
• Bowersock 1961 G. W. Bowersock, Eurycles of Sparta, JRS 51,1961, 112–118.
• Brunet 2003 S. Brunet, Olympic Hopefuls from Ephesos, Journal of Sport History 30, 2003, 219–35.
• Bruun 2012 Ch. Bruun, Aedes Castorum, ludi und praedium missale: Drei Bemerkungen zur Topographie von Ostia-Portus und zum ager Ostiensis, Historia 61, 2012, 115–126.
• Buckler – Robinson 1932 W. H. Buckler – D. M. Robinson, Sardis VII. Greek and Latin Inscriptions I, Leiden 1932.
• Burrell 2004 B. Burrell, Neokoroi. Greek Cities and Roman Emperors, Leiden – Boston 2004.
• Caldelli 1993 M. L. Caldelli, L’agon Capitolinus: storia e protagonisti dall’instituzione domizianea al IV secolo, Rome 1993.
• Cartledge – Spawforth 2002 P. Cartledge – A. Spawforth, Hellenistic and Roman Sparta, London 22002.
• Corsten 1990 T. Corsten, Caesarea Germanice mit einem Nachtrag zu Daskyleion am Meer, EA 15,1990, 19– 48.
• Dunst 1967 G. Dunst, Die Siegerliste der samischen Heraia, ZPE 1, 1967, 225–239.
• Feyel 1942 M. Feyel, Contribution à l’épigraphie béotienne, Paris 1942.
• Günther 1971 W. Günther, Das Orakel von Didyma in hellenistischer Zeit. Eine Interpretation von Stein-Urkunden, IstMitt 4, 1971, 1–132.
• Herrmann 1988 P. Herrmann, Fragment einer Senatsrede Marc Aurels aus Milet: Nachtrag zu IstMitt 25, 1975ff., IstMitt 38, 1988, 309–313.
• Hornblower 1982 S. Hornblower, Thucydides, The Panionian Festival, and the Ephesia (III 104), Historia 31, 1982, 242–244.
• Horster 2012 M. Horster, Priene: Civic priests and Koinon-priesthoods in the Hellenistic Period, in: M. Horster – A. Klöckner (edd.), Cities and Priests. Cult Personnel in Asia Minor and the Aegean Islands from the Hellenistic to the Imperial Period, Berlin 2012, 177–209.
• IAnabarzos M. H. Sayar, Die Inschriften von Anazarbos und Umgebung. Teil 1: Inschriften aus dem Stadtgebiet und der nächsten Umgebung der Stadt, Bonn 2000 (IK 56).
• IDidyma A. Rehm, Didyma II: Die Inschriften, Berlin 1958.
• IEphesos H. Wankel – C. Börker – H. Engelmann – R. Merkelbach et al., Die In-schriften von Ephesos I–VIII, Bonn 1979–1984 (IK 12–17,4).
• IIasos W. Blümel, Die Inschriften von Iasos, Bonn 1985 (IK 28).
• IMagnesia O. Kern, Die Inschriften von Magnesia am Maeander, Berlin 1900.
• IPergamon M. Fränkel, Die Inschriften von Pergamon, II: Römische Zeit, Berlin 1895 (Die Altertümer von Pergamon VIII).
• ISmyrna G. Petzl, Die Inschriften von Smyrna I–II,2, Bonn 1982–1990 (IK 23, 24,1–2).
• ISinope D. French, The Inscriptions of Sinope, Bonn 2004 (IK 64).
• ITralleis F. B. Poljakov, Die Inschriften von Tralleis und Nysa, Bonn 1989 (I.K. 36/1).
• Johnston 1984 A. Johnston, Hierapolis Revisited, NC 144, 1984, 52–80.
• Kantiréa 2007 M. Kantiréa, Les dieux et les dieux Augustes. Le culte impérial en Grèce sous les Julio-Claudiens et les Flaviens. Études épigraphiques et archéologiques, Athènes 2007.
• Karl 1975 H. Karl, Numismatische Beiträge zum Festwesen der kleinasiatischen und nordgriechischen Städte im 2. und 3. Jahrhundert, Saarbrücken 1975.
• Kennell 1988 N. M. Kennell, Νέρων περιοδονίκης, AJP 109, 1988, 239–251.
• Kern 1900 O. Kern, Die Inschriften von Magnesia am Maeander, Berlin 1900.
• Knoepfler 2010 D. Knoepfler, Louis Robert en sa forge: ébauche d’un mémoire resté inédit sur l’histoire controversée de deux concours grecs, les Trophonia et les Basileia à Lébadée, Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres 152, 2010, 1421–1462.
• Lehner 2004 M. F. Lehner, Die Agonistik im Ephesos der römischen Kaiserzeit, Munich 2004.
• Magie 1950 D. Magie, Roman Rule in Asia Minor I–II, Princeton 1950.
• Meiggs 1973 R. Meiggs, Roman Ostia, Oxford 21973.
• Merkelbach 1974 R. Merkelbach, Der unentschiedene Kampf des Pankratiasten Ti. Claudius Rufus in Olympia, ZPE 15, 1974, 99–104.
• Mionnet T. E. Mionnet, Description de médailles antiques, grecques et romaines I–VII, Paris 1806–1808.
• Mitchell 1977 S. Mitchell, Inscriptions of Ancyra, AnatSt 27, 1977, 63–103.
• Mitchell 1990 S. Mitchell, Festivals, Games, and Civic Life in Roman Asia Minor, JRS 80, 1990, 183–193.
• Mitchell 1993 S. Mitchell, Anatolia. Land, Men and Gods in Asia Minor I, Oxford – New York 1993.
• Moretti, IAG L. Moretti, Iscrizioni agonistiche greche, Rome 1953.
• Moretti 1954 L. Moretti, Κοινὰ ᾿Ασίας, Rivista di Filologie e di Istruzione Classica 32, 1954, 276–89.
• Newby 2005 Z. Newby, Greek Athletics in the Roman World. Victory and Virtue, Oxford 2005.
• Ormerod – Robinson 1914 H. A. Ormerod – E. S. G. Robinson, Inscriptions from Lycia, JHS 34, 1914, 1–35.
• Öztaner – Akdoğu Arca – Gökalp Özdil 2014 S. H. Öztaner – E. N. Akdoğu Arca – N. Gökalp Özdil, Nysa ad Maeandrum’daki Yeni Bulgular Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme, in: Ç. Akşit et al. (ed), In Memoriam Filiz Öktem, Ankara 2014, 225–245.
• Papen 1908 F. G. von Papen, Die Spiele von Hierapolis, Zeitschrift für Numismatik 26,1908, 161–82.
• Pettersson 1992 M. Pettersson, Cults of Apollo at Sparta. The Hyakinthia, the Gymnopaidiai and the Karneia, Stockholm 1992.
• Remijsen 2015 S. Remijsen, The End of Athletics in Late Antiquity. Greek Culture in the Roman World, Cambridge, 2015
• Richer 2004 N. Richer, Les Hyakinthies de Sparte, REA 106, 2004, 389–419.
• Rieger 1999 B. Rieger, Die Capitolia des Kaisers Domitian, Nikephoros 12, 1999, 171–203.
• Rigsby 1996 K. J. Rigsby, Asylia: Territorial Inviolability in the Hellenistic World, Berkeley 1996.
• Robert 1929 L. Robert, Aristos Hellênôn, REA 31, 1929, 13–20, 225–226 (= OMS II, 756–767).
• Robert 1948 L. Robert, Hellenica: Recueil d’épigraphie, de Numismatique et d’Anti-quités Grecques, vol. VI, Paris 1948.
• Robert 1969 L. Robert, Laodicée du Lykos, Paris 1969.
• Robert 1970 L. Robert, Deux concours grecs à Rome, CRAI 1970, 6–27.
• Roesch 1975 P. Roesch, Les Hérakleia de Thèbes, ZPE 17, 1975, 1–7.
• Roueché 1981 C. Roueché, Rome, Asia and Aphrodisias in the Third Century, in: JRS 71,1981,103–120.
• Roueché 1993 C. Roueché, Performers and Partisans at Aphrodisias in the Roman and Late Roman Periods, London 1993 (JRS Monographs no. 6).
• Schachter 1981 A. Schachter, Cults of Boeotia, vol. 1, London 1981.
• Schachter 1986 A. Schachter, Cults of Boeotia, vol. 2, London 1986.
• Schachter 1994 A. Schachter, Cults of Boeotia, vol. 3, London 1994.
• Schulten 1906 A. Schulten, Zwei Erlasse des Kaisers Valens über die Provinz Asia, JÖAI 9, 1906, 40–70.
• Sève 1993 M. Sève, Les concours d’Epidaure, REG 106, 1993, 303–328.
• Slater – Summa 2006 W. Slater – D. Summa, Crowns at Magnesia, GRBS 46, 2006, 275–299.
• Sokolowski 1970 F. Sokolowski, Règlement relatif à la célébration des Panionia, BCH 94, 1970, 109–112.
• Sosin 2009 J. Sosin, Magnesian Inviolability, TAPA 139, 2009, 369–410.
• Spawforth 2007 A. Spawforth, Kapetoleia Olympia: Roman Emperors and Greek Agones, in: S. Hornblower – C. Morgan (edd.), Pindar’s Poetry, Patrons, and Festivals: From Archaic Greece to the Roman Empire, Oxford 2007, 377–390.
• Strasser 2003 J.–Y. Strasser, La carriere du pancratiaste Markos Aurelios Demostratos Damas, BCH 127, 2003, 251–299.
• Stylianou 1983 P. J. Stylianou, Thucydides, The Panionian Festival, and the Ephesia (III 104) Again, Historia 32, 1983, 245–249.
• Sumi 2004 G. Sumi, Civic Self-Representation in the Hellenistic World: The Festival of Artemis Leukophryene in Magnesia-on-the-Maeander, in: S. Bell – G. Davies (edd.), Games and Festivals in Classical Antiquity, Oxford 2004, 79–92.
• Te Riele 1976 G. J. M. J. Te Riele, Charitésia, in: J. M. Bremer – S. L. Radt – C. J. Ruijgh (edd.), Miscellanea tragica in honorem J. C. Kamerbeek, Amsterdam 1976, 285–291.
• Thonemann 2007 P. Thonemann, Magnesia and the Greeks of Asia (IMagnesia 16.16), GRBS 47, 2007, 151–160.
• Wallner 1997 Chr. Wallner, Soldatenkaiser und Sport, Frankfurt a. M. 1997.
• Wallner 2002 Chr. Wallner, Zu griechischen Agonen in Rom während der Kaiserzeit, Stadion 28, 2002, 1–10.
• Wallner 2004 Chr. Wallner, Der Agon Minervae: Eine Dokumentation, Tyche 19, 2004, 223–235.
• Welles, RC C. B. Welles, Royal Correspondence in the Hellenistic Period, New Haven 1934.
• Ziegler 1985 R. Ziegler, Städtisches Prestige und kaiserliche Politik. Studien zum Festwesen in Ostkilikien im 2. und 3. Jahrhundert n. Chr., Düsseldorf 1985.