Bithynia ve Pontos’ta Grup ve Dernekler’in Yerel Siyasetçi ve Eyalet Valileriyle İletişimleri

Year 2016, Volume: Suppl. 1, 364 - 387, 31.08.2016

Nikos Giannakopoulos

Abstract

Bithynia ve Pontos kentlerinde birçok dini ve
mesleki dernek belgelenmiştir. Bunların, kentlerinde önem­­li bir siyasi faktör
oluşturdukları bilinmektedir. Bazı derneklerin kentlerde yerel yöneticiler ve
vali gi­bi Romalı yöneticiler ile ilişki içine girdikleri ve bu kişileri
onurlandırdıkları görülmektedir. Pli­nius’un mektuplaşmaları da Roma Dönemi
Bithynia ve Pontos’undaki özel derneklerin, kentlerdeki ye­rel toplum içersinde
kayda değer ölçüde önemli güçler ve buna bağlı olarak da eyalet yöneticileri
için  bir itina ve ilgi meselesi olarak
düşünüldüğüne işaret eder. Ancak bu resmi olmayan tüzel kişiler böyle bir öneme
nasıl ulaşmışlardı? Bu onurlandırmaların arkasında yatan sebepleri irdeleyen
yazar Bithynia-Pon­tos dernekleri ile yerel ve Romalı yöneticiler arasında söz
konusu olan ilişkilere yoğunlaşmak sure­tiyle bu probleme eğilmeyi
amaçlamıştır. Bir yandan kentteki söz sahibi kişilerin kazanılması dernek­lerin
statüsünü yükseltmekte, onların çeşitli imtiyazlar elde etmesini
kolaylaştırmakta ve dernek­lere res­men liderlik ve bir üstünlük
kazandırmaktaydılar. Diğer yandan yerel siyasetçiler de bu dernek­lerin des­teğiy­le
resmi onurlar elde etmekte ve hedefledikleri siyasi amaçlara daha kolay ulaşa­bilmekteydiler.
Bithy­niarchai ve eyalet valilerinin de Roma imparatoru için dikilen
onurlandırma ya da adak anıtlarının in­şa­sında söz konusu bu özel derneklerle
işbirliği içerisine girdikleri görülmektedir. Eşraf tabakanın elin­de tutuğu
kent kurumları vasıtasıyla değil de, eşraftan seçkin üye­lerle gerçekleşen bu
türden bir kişi­sel ilişki toplum yaşamının temel taşı olan euergesia
sisteminin düzgün bir şekilde deva­mını sağlamakla bir­likte, derneklere, önemli
politik figürler haline gelerek kendi micro-toplumlarının imparatorluk içe­ri­sin­deki
yerini belirleyen siyasi hayata iştirak etme olanağını da sağla­mıştır. Öte
yandan, yapı itibariyle değiş­ken ve hizipçi politik çevre içerisinde,
politikacıları doğrudan halka danışmaya teşvik eden ısrarcı demo­kratik
karakter ve derneklerin önemli devlet adamlarına bağlanması anlaşmazlık
zamanlarında bir nevi seferber olma aracı olarak da işlev görebilmekteydi.

Keywords

Bithynia, Pontos, dernekler, kent elitleri, euergesia, kişisel ilişki, patronluk

Groups and Associations in Bithynia and Pontus: Interaction with prominent Statesmen and provincial Governors

Abstract

Pliny’s correspondence demonstrates that private
associations in Roman Bithynia and Pon­tus were considered forces of
considerable significance in the local civic societies and conse­quently a
matter of care and concern for the provincial authorities. But how could these
non-official corporate bodies acquire such an importance? The present paper
proposes to deal with this problem by focusing on the relations cultivated
between Bithynian-Pontic associations and specific individuals possessing high
status at a local or regional level. The epigraphic evidence indicates that
local statesmen provided formal leadership and external championship to
associations and received public honours from them. Bithyniarchai and
provincial governors even collaborated with indi­vi­dual associations in the
construction of monuments honouring, or dedicated to, the Roman em­peror. This
sort of personalized interaction with specific members of the elite enabled
asso­ciat­ions to advertise themselves as the favourites of important political
figures and through their cont­ri­bution to the imperial monuments to
participate in a common political discourse which placed their own
micro-communities in an empire-wide context. On the other hand, in a struc­turally
fac­tionalist political environment, the persistently democratic character of
which en­couraged politic­ians to appeal directly to the people, the
associations’ affiliation to prominent statesmen could also func­tion as
vehicle of mobilization in time of conflict.

Keywords

Bithynia, Pontos, associations, city elites, euergetism, personalized interaction, patronage

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