Karia’da Yunanca Epigramlar – Yerli Nüfusun Helenleşmesine dair Veriler

Year 2016, Volume: Suppl. 1, 435 - 453, 31.08.2016

Julia Hoffmann-salz

Abstract

Karia yazıtları, özellikle de mezar yazıtları
açısından ilgi çekici derecede zengindir. Bu makale Karia mezar yazıtlarını,
bölgenin Roma’nın fethine kadar politik ve kültürel gelişimi çerçevesinde yorum­lamayı
denemektedir. Karia en erken dönemlerden itibaren Yunan medeniyetiyle temas
halinde olmuş ve Büyük Kolonizasyon Dönemi’nde sahilleri boyunca çok sayıda
Yunan iskâncı kabul etmiştir. Bu­nun­la birlikte özellikle iç kesimler için yerel
nüfusun Yunan Dünyası’nın politik ve kültürel etkisi altına girmesi Helenistik
Dönem’le birlikte olmuştur. Bütün bu süre zarfında tüm bölgede sadece Karca’nın
kullanılmasında değil, örneğin Yunan ve Doğu kültürlerinden esinlenen ama
bunları kendine has Karia biçemini yaratmak için kullanan yerel mezar
mimarisinde de güçlü bir yerli Karia kimliği tespit edile­bilmektedir. Buna
karşın mezar epigramları, temaları, ölüye atfedilen değerler, yazıtların
okuyucuları veya hatta sahipleri açısından değerlendirildiklerinde bu tür bir
Karia özelliği sergilemezler. Dolayısıyla söz konusu yazıtlar, bunları
çeşitlilik olsun diye değil, tam tersine kendi statüleri ve kültürel artalan­larının
cakasını satmak için ayırt edici bir form olarak talep eden yerel Yunan elitler
için bir tür kimlik belirteci olarak anlaşılmalıdırlar.

Keywords

Karia, Helenleşme, yerel seçkinler, mezar epigramları, kültürel aktarım

Griechische Grabepigramme in Karien – Zeugnisse der Hellenisierung der lokalen Bevölkerung?

Abstract

Caria is surprisingly rich in inscriptions and
particularly in funerary epigrams. This essay tries to interpret Carian
funerary epigrams in the context of the regions political and cultural deve­lop­ment
down to the Roman conquest. Caria had been in contact with the Greek
civilization from its earliest days and received a large number of Greek
settlers along its coast in the age of the Great Colonization. Particularly for
the hinterland, however, it was the Hellenistic Age that brought the local
people under Greek political and cultural influence. All the while, a strong
Carian indigenous identity can be detected in the entire region not only in the
use of the Carian language, but also e.g. in the local funerary architecture,
that was strongly inspired by Greek and Eastern influences but used these to
create a specifically Carian style. However, the funerary epigrams seem to show
no such particularly Carian traits in respect to its themes, the values
attributed to the dead, the re­ci­pients or even initiators of the
inscriptions. They must thus be understood as identity markers for the local
Greek elites who did not wish for variation but in contrast for a traditional
and recognize­able form to show off their status and cultural background.

Keywords

Caria, Hellenisation, local elites, funerary epigrams, cultural transfer

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